Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

Historically a person classifies with type 3 diabetes was which of the following?

An adult

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

At what age can type 1 diabetes first occur?

At any age

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram?

Fat

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

Fructose

glucose and fructose bonded together form the disaccharide _______.

Sucrose

When bacterial in them mouth metabolize _______, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel leading to tooth decay

carbohydrates

Epinephrine causes blood sugar to

rise.

A person with newly diagnosed diabetes often complains of:

vision changes

What type of diabetes is strongly associated with genetics, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity?

Type 2

Soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to __________ in the GI tract.

bile components.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing:

cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Healthy diet in conjunction with high-fiber may reduce the risk of _______ cancer.

colorectal

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has _____.

diabetes

The condition that occurs when bacteria and food particles become trapped in diverticula is called:

diverticulitis

When an individuals' blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having ______.

hyperglycemia

When an individual's blood sugar level falls bellow 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with __________.

hypoglycemia

irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during period of low blood sugar called:

hypoglycemia

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an ______ system disorder, which causes destruction of the ________- producing cells in the ________.

immune, insulin, pancreas

To manage their glucose levels, type 1 diabetic patients always require _____.

insulin

Type 1 diabetes is linked to an autoimmune disease type 2 diabetes is linked to:

insulin resistance

Frequent urination, blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and breath with a fruit smell are signs and symptoms of:

ketoacidosis

Milk and other diary product are major food sources of ______.

lactose. (a disaccharide)

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ___________ .

levulose

High-fiber diets may lower your risk for _____.

obesity

Reactive hypoglycemia is more likely to occur after a meal high in _________.

simple sugar

True or false: Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding.

true

True or false: Millions of Americans show signs of lactose intolerance.

true

Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for:

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following are health conditions associated with a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day), especially when combined with inadequate fluid intake?

Low mineral absorption

Maria's fasting blood glucose is 118 mg/dl. She has:

pre-diabetes

Type 2 diabetes include:

Exercise, controlled blood glucose levels, and weight loss.

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes?

Eyes, heart, and kidneys.

Lactose can be found in which animal products?

Milk

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

Which of the following health conditions are linked to a very high sugar diet?

Obesity

What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet?

Tooth Decay

True or false: To avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.

True

True or False: When a person consumes excess carbohydrate, his/her body coverts some of the glucose into fat and thus eating too much carbohydrate indirectly contributes to excess body fat.

True.

People who suspect they are lactose intolerant should:

Try a smaller amount of milk and see if it is tolerated

What is the recommended adequate intake level of fiber for women?

25 g/day

What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes?

- African Americans - Native Americans - Hispanic Americans

Signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include:

- Blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl. - excessive thirst - frequent urination - fruity smelling breath

Woman are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if:

- are chronically overweight - they have elevated BP - they have a family history of type 2 diabetes

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?

- fasting glucose - triglycerides - blood pressure

Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by:

- losing excess body fat - increasing physical activity

Symptoms of hypoglycemia:

- shakiness - irritability

How many Americans were diagnosed with pre-diabetes in the year 2012?

86 million

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

Glucose

Straining due to constipation can result in small rectal veins becoming swollen, making them likely to bleed and cause discomfort and itching. These cluster of veins are called:

Hemorrhoids.

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach?

Insulin

Woman who had gestational diabetes during their pregnancy:

have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes

overtime, blood glucose attaches to ____ in red blood cells that is why hemoglobin A1C can be used to dermine blood glucose levels over time

hemoglobin

The sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is .....

high fructose corn syrup

Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide ______.

sweetness