Chapter 5 Equal Rights

Which of the following are among redlining's legacies?

- segregated neighborhoods still exist -Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites).

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

-Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average. -They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

-It banned discriminatory voter registration practices. - It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters.

Which of the following Hispanic politicians were top contenders for the Republican presidential nomination?

-Marco Rubio -Ted Cruz

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to

-be college educated -have a high median income

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

-discriminatory practices in mortgage lending -discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods -discriminatory practices in housing

Affirmative action policies have been used by ______ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

-employers -educational institutions

According to today's statistics, Asian Americans are underrepresented in which of the following areas?

-holding the top position in corporations -holding high- level political office

Which of the following tactics were used by Martin Luther King Jr. in his leadership of the civil rights movement?

-marches in nonviolent protest -boycotts

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

-the right of every person to equal protection under the law -equal access to the opportunities society provides -equal access to public facilities

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

-women -minorities

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

19th Amendment

Native Americans were not considered to be ______ until 1924.

citizens

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

40; 10

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95

Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Ceaser Chavez

What took the heaviest toll on the Native American population after white settlers arrived in what is now the U.S.?

Disease

What accounts for the fact that Hispanics are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be predicted based on their education and income levels?

Family structure

Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?

Geraldine Ferraro

What sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?

Gunner Myrdal

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal?"

He didn't believe there was a precise meaning

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Bill of Rights

Which of the following minority groups make up the largest Hispanic population in the United States?

Mexicans

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single- parent family

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Following the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, a number of southern congressmen wrote a letter titled the ______, urging state governments to "resist forced integration by any lawful means."

Southern Manifesto

Which of the following is an ongoing struggle between state governments and Native American tribal governments?

States want to control casino gambling on Native American reservations

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

Which groups historically have lacked equality?

Women,Asian Americans, Catholics

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

abolitionist movement

Which policy required the federal government to begin implementing measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

affirmative action

In the case of Shelby v. Holder, the majority held that the formula to identify states and counties subject to federal oversight was

based on obsolete statistics

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.

bilingual

In order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the Supreme Court requires that government prove what kind of interest?

compelling

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned

discrimination in public accommodations

In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of __________classifications even though such classification need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.

gender

What portion of congressional seats are held by women?

less than a quarter

The Supreme Court has stated that in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld, the program must be

narrowly tailored

The preclearance provision of the Voting Rights Act states that designated states and counties must

obtain federal permission before making changes that might adversely affect a minority group.

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable- basis test

Which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?

removing voting requirements

In a 1947 case, the Supreme Court ruled that because they had no law school for black students, the University of Oklahoma was ______ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school.

required

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications

Rioting broke out in 1957 during

the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School

What was the intention of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?

to maintain segregation while claiming equality

True or false: Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers.

true

The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action.

upheld

In what area of civil rights were Asian Americans particularly active in the 1960s?

voting rights

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in

winning elective office

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

de jure discrimination

Serving the United States in the fight against Nazism in World War II led African American soldiers to

demand their civil rights

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

- Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections -A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

- inspired a hope for eventual equality - been foundational in legal decisions -given moral strength to diverse movements

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

-It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities.It requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities.

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

-Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men. -The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers.

Which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?

-Most single-parent families are headed by women and one-third of those live below the poverty line. -Many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover child-care expenses. -Single-parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty.

Which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?

-Preference programs have greater support among African Americans than among whites. -Most Americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically. -Most Americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically.

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

-The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands. -Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years.

What president appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court?

Ronald Reagan

When white settlers first arrived in what is now the U.S., there were approximately 5 to 10 million Native American inhabitants. By 1900, there were

fewer than 1 million

What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?

younger adults

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job