Chapter 5: Ions and Ionic Compounds

a concept of chemical bonding theory that is based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either empty valence shells or full valence shells of eight electrons

Octet rule

An element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5 will ionize to a(n) a. anion b. cation c. noble gas d. Both a and b

a

Compared with solid ionic compounds, solid molecular compounds a. have lower melting points b. are more brittle c. are harder d. conduct electricity as liquids

a.

an ion with a negative charge

anion

An ion of bromine with a single negative charge has the symbol and the name a. Br+, bromide ion b. Br-, bromide ion c. Br+, bromium ion d. Br-, bromium ion

b

An element with the electron configuration 1s22s23s23p64s2 will ionaize to a(n) a. anion b. cation c. noble gas d. Both a and b

b.

How many valence electrons does the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23s64s1 have? a.0 b. 1 c. 9 d. 19

b.

What is the chemical formula of the compound formed by zinc ions, Zn2+, and fluoride ions, F- ? a. ZnF b. ZnF2 c.Zn2F d. Zn2F3

b.

Which of the following situations will cause the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p5 to have an octet configuration? a. loss of one electron b. gain of one electron c. loss of two electrons d. gain of three electrons

b.

Compounds that have the same number of positive and negative charges are said to be a. cationic b. anionic c. electrically neutral d isoelectronic

c

Which of the following reactions in the formation of sodium chloride is exothermic? a. Cl(gas) + e- ----> Cl- (gas) b. Na+ (gas) + Cl- (gas) ----> NaCl(solid) c. both a and b d. Neither a nor b

c

Compared with the energies of neutral atoms that form the ions, a crystal lattice has a. zero potential energy b. higher potential energy c. lower potential energy d. equal potential energy

c.

The electrostatic attraction between... forms an ionic bond. a. dipoles b. electrons c. ions d. nuclei

c.

The peroxide ion, O2- 2 is a a. b. c. polyatomic ion d.

c.

The platinum(II) ion and the platinum (IV) ion a. are anions b. are polyatomic ions c. have the charges of 2 + and 4 +, respectively d. have the charges 1 + and 3 +, respectively

c.

The salts NaCl(solid) and CaCl2 (solid) a. are goof conductors of electricity b. are positively charged c. are held together by ionic bonds d. both a and b

c.

What is the chemical formula of the compound formed by tin(IV) ions and chloride ions? a. SnCl2 b. Sn2Cl2 c. SnCl4 d. Sn4Cl

c.

What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum, Al3+, and the sulfate ion, SO2- 4? a. AlSO4 b. Al3SO4 c. Al2(SO4)3 d. Al(SO4)3

c.

What is the name of the compound formed by zinc ions Zn2+, and fluoride ions, F- ? a. zinc difluoride b. zinc fluorate c. szinc fluoride d. zinc (II) fluorite

c.

Which of the following electron configurations belongs to an element that is the most chemically reactive? a. 1s2 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p5 b. 1s22s22p63s23p6

c.

Which of the following reactions is NOT a step in the formation of sodium chloride? a. Na(solid) ---->Na(gas) b. Cl(gas) + e- ---->Cl- (gas) c. Na+ (gas) + e- ---> Na(gas) d. Cl2(gas)----> Cl(gas)---->Cl(gas)

c.

Which of the following situations will cause the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s2 to have an octet configuration? a. loss of one electron b. gain of one electron c. loss of two electrons d. gain of three electrons

c.

an ion with a positive charge

cation

An ion and its parent atom differ in a. electron configuration b. number of electrons c. chemical reactivity d All of the above

d.

An ionic compound is not represented by molecular formula because an ionic compound a. does not contain bonds b. forms a salt c. has not net charge d. lacks molecules

d.

An octet is equal to a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 8

d.

Because strong attractive forces hold the layers in a salt in relatively fixed positions, ionic compounds a. are hard b. are brittle c. fracture along cleavage planes d. all of the above

d.

Differences in which of the following factors might account for a difference in the crystal structures of two different ionic compounds? a. cation-anion ratio b. sizes of the cations and anions c. charges of the cations and anions d. all of the above

d.

In a crystal of sodium chloride, each Na+ and Cl- ion has clustered around it... oppositely charged ions a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6

d.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3 a. contains four different ions b. contains a polyatomic cation c. is not a salt d. contains only a monatomic cation and a polyatomic anion

d.

Stable ions of which of the following elements do NOT have octets of valence electrons a. F b. Na c. Cl d Fe

d.

The element of Group......are able to satisfy the octet rule without forming compounds. a. 1 b. 2 c. 17 d. 18

d.

What is the metallic ion in the compound copper(II) chloride? a. Cl2- b. Cl- c. Cu+ d. Cu2+

d.

How much an element reacts depends on the... of its atoms

electron configuration

when an atom becomes an ion it only involves loss or gain of

electrons

atoms .... or .... electrons to form stable ions

gain, lose

an atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge

ion

Noble gases' reactivity=

little to none (least reactive elements)

Alkali metals and halogens' reactivity=

most reactive elements

The atoms of many elements becoming stable by achieving the electron configuration of a

noble gas

... often form ions without complete octets

transition metals