Chapter 5 MC

13) Functions of the skin include A) regulating body temperature. B) synthesizing antibodies. C) producing adipose tissue. D) synthesizing digestive enzymes. E) release of large amounts of hormones.

A

15) In albinism, ________ is lacking. A) melanin B) keratin C) carotene D) keratinocytes E) collagen

A

16) The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. A) melanin B) keratin C) carotene D) biliverdin E) bilirubin

A

25) The layer of the skin that provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow is the A) dermis. B) subcutaneous layer. C) epidermis. D) papillary layer. E) sebum layer.

A

29) The subcutaneous layer is made of A) epithelial tissue. B) loose connective and adipose tissues. C) dense connective and loose connective tissues. D) epithelium and loose connective tissues. E) skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.

B

30) The hypodermis contains mostly A) loose connective tissue. B) adipose tissue. C) muscle tissue. D) nervous tissue. E) epithelial tissue.

B

39) Eccrine sweat glands A) are most common in the axilla and groin. B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature. C) respond only in times of stress. D) are active only in areas of dense hair. E) all of the above

B

40) Sweat helps to cool the body by A) conduction. B) evaporation. C) convection. D) radiation. E) all of the above

B

48) A burn that penetrates the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) fourth-degree burn. E) fifth-degree burn.

B

5) Thick skin can be found on the A) back. B) palms. C) legs. D) arms. E) chest.

B

52) The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from A) nonpigmented epithelial cells. B) melanocytes. C) pigmented epithelial cells. D) nonpigmented dermal cells. E) the hypodermis.

B

7) Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer. E) melanin.

B

1) Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? A) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis B) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis C) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis D) hypodermis, dermis, epidermis E) dermis, hypodermis, dermis

C

2) The tissue under the skin is called the A) epidermis or dermis. B) epidermis or subcutaneous layer. C) hypodermis or subcutaneous layer. D) integument or dermis. E) epidermis or superficial fascia.

C

23) The dermis is composed largely of A) adipose tissue. B) blood vessels. C) dense irregular connective tissue. D) muscle tissue. E) neural tissue.

C

26) Folds of the dermis that cause fingerprints are called A) arrector pili. B) dermal ridges. C) dermal papillae. D) cuticles. E) the papillary layer of the dermis.

C

38) The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is A) a boil. B) a carbuncle. C) acne. D) a blister. E) none of the above

C

10) In order for bacteria on the skin to cause an infection in the skin, they must A) survive the bactericidal components of sebum. B) avoid being flushed from the surface of the skin by sweat. C) penetrate the stratum corneum. D) escape the Langerhans' cells. E) all of the above

E

18) The most important factor in skin color is A) sunlight exposure. B) dermal blood supply. C) diet. D) number of keratinocytes. E) genetic factors.

E

27) Nerve fibers in the skin are associated with A) smooth muscles. B) blood vessels. C) sensory nerve endings. D) hair follicles. E) all of the above

E

32) Shafts of hair are made by A) living dermal cells. B) dead dermal cells. C) adipose cells. D) living epidermal cells. E) dead epidermal cells.

E

34) Accessory structures of the skin include A) hair follicles. B) arrector pili muscles. C) sebaceous glands. D) apocrine sweat glands. E) all of the above

E

35) Temporary increases in hair loss can result from A) drugs. B) dietary factors. C) radiation. D) fever. E) all of the above

E

41) Eccrine and sebaceous glands differ in A) type of secretion. B) material secreted. C) location in the body. D) their association with hair follicles. E) all of the above

E

43) Specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called A) ceruminous glands. B) apocrine sweat glands. C) sebaceous glands. D) merocrine sweat glands. E) mammary glands.

E

49) Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? A) Skin repairs take longer in the elderly. B) The epidermis is thinner in the elderly. C) There are fewer macrophages in the skin of the elderly. D) The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of the elderly. E) all of the above

E

11) Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) both A and B above E) all of the above

A

12) Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can penetrate the epidermis. A) water; blood B) water; lipids C) oils; alcohol D) oils; lipid-soluble carriers E) sebum; water

D

14) An individual with excessive epidermal shedding on the scalp may be prone to develop this condition. A) seborrhea B) dermatitis C) acne D) dandruff E) psoriasis

D

17) The pigment melanin A) is produced by cells called melanocytes and is found in higher concentration in individuals with darker skin. B) is usually some shade of red, yellow, or brown. C) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation. D) A and C only E) all of the above

D

19) Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light A) can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin. B) can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes. C) can cause destruction of vitamin D. D) can stimulate the production of melanin. E) has no effect on the skin cells.

D

20) When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis? A) The blood supply to the skin increases. B) The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases. C) Melanocytes increase production of red pigments. D) The blood supply to the skin decreases. E) Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

D

22) Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. A) vitamin D2 B) vitamin C C) vitamin E D) vitamin D3 E) vitamin A

D

33) When the arrector pili muscles contract, A) "goose bumps" are formed. B) hairs are shed. C) sweat is released from sweat glands. D) shivering occurs. E) the skin changes color.

A

36) Glands that are located in the ear canal are called A) ceruminous glands. B) apocrine sweat glands. C) sebaceous glands. D) merocrine sweat glands. E) mammary glands.

A

4) The layer of the epidermis at the surface is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum germinativum. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A

46) A "rug burn" is an example of a(n) A) abrasion. B) laceration. C) puncture. D) incision. E) contusion.

A

50) A burn that involves only the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as A) first degree. B) second degree. C) third degree. D) fourth degree. E) a permanent-damage burn.

A

51) This type of burn appears inflamed and tender but has no blisters. A) first-degree burn B) second-degree burn C) third-degree burn D) full-thickness burn E) none of the above

A

9) The primary mode of heat loss from the body is A) radiation. B) conduction. C) convection. D) evaporation. E) none of the above

A

3) As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, A) they divide. B) they die. C) their nutrient supply increases. D) they enter the dermis. E) all of the above

B

42) The glands that develop at puberty are A) sweat glands. B) integumentary glands. C) apocrine glands. D) dermal glands. E) merocrine glands.

C

44) The pale cresent area of the nail is called the A) nail root. B) nail bed. C) lunula. D) free edge. E) cuticle.

C

47) The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) partial-thickness burn. E) semi-partial-thickness burn.

C

21) Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system that aids the endocrine system? A) protection of underlying tissue B) excretion C) maintenance of body temperature D) synthesis of vitamin D E) nutrition and storage

D

24) When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract, A) the vessels' lumen enlarge. B) more blood enters the dermis. C) blood is forced to the epidermis. D) body heat is conserved. E) more heat is lost.

D

28) When the body is overheated, the skin responds by A) decreasing melanin production. B) increasing heart rate. C) decreasing blood flow to the dermis. D) increasing blood flow to the dermis. E) increasing keratin production.

D

31) Injections made under the skin are called A) epidermal injections. B) subcutaneous injections. C) dermal injections. D) hypodermal injections. E) intramuscular injections.

D

37) Perspiration produced by apocrine sweat glands A) is more than 99 percent water. B) contains electrolytes and waste products. C) helps to cool the body when it evaporates. D) is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin. E) all of the above

D

45) The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the A) body. B) bed. C) root. D) cuticle. E) free edge.

D

6) The skin is also called the A) serous membrane. B) mucous membrane. C) synovial membrane. D) cutaneous membrane. E) none of the above

D

8) An epidermal layer that produces large amounts of keratin is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum germinativum. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

D