Chapter 5 Practice Quiz

In which of the following situations might there be role ambiguity? a. A woman's role as breadwinner for her family is incompatible with her need to nurture her sick child. b. A man's first day on the job. c. A girl attends her first prom dressed in torn jeans and a sweatshirt. d. A boy is an athlete, a student, a son, and an employee at a local fast food restaurant.

A man's first day on the job

Which of the following are two examples of limited social groups? a. Reference and aggregate groups b. Statistical and associational groups c. Categorical and aggregate groups d. Aggregate and associational groups

Aggregate and associational groups

Reference groups provide us with which of the following? a. Social, cultural, and economic capital b. Education and training c. An important source of social networking d. An important source of information about ourselves

An important source of information about ourselves

What do we call a status that is given at birth?

Assigned

Japan provides an example of which of the following? a. Less human and personal bureaucracy than is typical in the U.S. b. More human and personal bureaucracy than is typical in other parts of the develop world c. Bureaucracy that is the same as we find in the U.S. d. Country without bureaucracies

Bureaucracy that is the same as we find in the U.S.

A group that has a sense of conformity is likely a _____ group.

Cohesive

Which of the following is NOT an achieved status? a. Librarian b. Daughter c. Golfer d. Professor

Daughter

A dyad has two members, but a triad has five. T/F

False

A master status is the most important role in your status set. T/F

False

Members of primary groups interact in an impersonal manner. T/F

False

Non-social groups include aggregates. T/F

False

Primary groups are more likely to be found in industrial societies. T/F

False

Race is an achieved status. T/F

False

Statuses and roles are the same construct. T/F

False

Students in a classroom form a primary group T/F

False

All EXCEPT which of the following are characteristics of a bureaucracy? a. Written rules b. A division of labor c. Grassroots form of authority d. Impersonality

Grassroots form of authority

When in-groups evaluate out-groups, then tend to see them in which of the following ways? a. In stereotypical ways b. In great detail, noticing aspects of all group members c. As allies d. As lazy and uninterested in the group

In stereotypical ways

Which of the following is a true statement about group size? a. Increasing a group's size improves the group's cohesiveness. b. Increasing a group's size leads to greater levels of closeness among members. c. Increasing a group's size reduces group cohesion. d. Increasing a group's size has no effect on group cohesion.

Increasing a group's size reduces group cohesion

Leadership in small groups can be either instrumental or expressive. What does this mean?

Instrumental leaders are focused on goals, and expressive leaders are focused on group cohesion

Which of the following is true about a social status? a. It is a pattern variable that deals with expectations about how we should judge or evaluate each other. b. It is a socially defined position of an individual in society. c. It is a situation in which the expectations associated with a particular role are unclear. d. It is the actual behavior of a person in a particular role.

It is a socially defined position of an individual in a society

Which of the following is true about selection of personnel in a bureaucracy? a. It is done based on the university from which people graduate. b. It is done based on merit. c. It is based on having the same political views as the CEO. d. It is based on an individual's social class.

It is done based on merit

_____ is NOT an example of a voluntary association. a. Brownies b. PETA c. The Humane Society d. Kinship group

Kinship group

Which of the following is NOT an assigned status? a. Chinese b. Man c. Poor d. Librarian

Librarian

A position in society that is more important than others in the status set is called _____.

Master status

Which of the following serve as a source of current evaluation and future aspiration and goal attainment? a. Out-groups b. Expressive groups c. Incapacitated groups d. Normative reference groups

Normative reference groups

Which of the following serves as a source of information about our performance in a given area? a. Out-groups b. Expressive groups c. Incapacitated groups d. Normative reference groups

Normative reference groups

What is trained incapacity?

Not enough attention to the goals of the organization

Which of the following is FALSE about voluntary associations a. Only adults are allowed to join them. b. More men than women join them. c. People of all social classes join them. d. Members can leave if they become dissatisfied.

Only adults are allowed to join them

People in bureaucracies specialize in their own areas and rarely have the answers to questions that are not in their particular area of specialization. What is the result of this?

People get the runaround (transferred from department to department) when we approach them with a question

What is a difference a person feels between his/her in-groups and out- groups?

Related to the feeling of belonging he/she feels to their in-group

Which of the following are two examples of non-social groups? a. Reference and statistical groups b. Statistical and categorical groups c. Categorical and aggregate groups d. Aggregate and statistical groups

Statistical and categorical groups

Which of the following is NOT a social role? a. Student b. Read assignments c. Write papers d. Take tests

Student

An example of a formal organization would be which of the following? a. Your nuclear family b. Your extended family c. The people with whom you each lunch each day d. The National Honor Society

The National Honor Society

Which of the following is usually true for people in peer groups? a. Significantly different from each other b. Of the same social class c. The same age d. Of equal status

The same age

Social groups are important for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons? a. They provide us with a social identity. b. They require that we follow a set of norms created by leaders of the social group. c. They link the self to the larger society. d. They help us understand social behavior.

They require that we follow a set of norms created by leaders of the social group

Which of the following statements about bureaucracies is true? a. They are always dehumanizing and impersonal. b. They suffer from no dysfunctions. c. They seek to develop a rational structure to achieve their goals. d. The concept was named by Mead.

They seek to develop a rational structure to achieve their goals

An example of a role for the status employee is to come to work on time. T/F

True

An example of relative deprivation would be a young woman feeling poor because she is a member of a sorority but is unable to buy the designer clothes her sorority sisters are able to purchase. T/F

True

An example of role conflict related to the status parent could be needing to nurture your sick child, which conflicts with the need to earn money to support your child. T/F

True

As the size of a group increases, so does the division of labor. T/F

True

Bureaucracies are impersonal. T/F

True

Bureaucracies are sometimes efficient and humanizing. T/F

True

Cohesiveness is believed to improve group performance. T/F

True

Comparative reference groups are an important source of information about our performance in a particular area. T/F

True

For the status of student, a role would be attending class on a regular basis. T/F

True

Goals in formal organizations are specific, clearly stated, and usually understood very precisely by members. T/F

True

Peer groups are informal primary groups who share similar status and who are usually of a similar age. T/F

True

Peer groups practice equality. T/F

True

Primary groups are an important part of social control and social cohesion. T/F

True

We do not have to have meet people in our in-groups. T/F

True

Weber developed the concept of a bureaucracy. T/F

True

While a classroom is a secondary group, a group of friends in a classroom is a primary group. T/F

True

A person whose work requires a level of rigidity and is a formal member of a bureaucracy is called _____.

a bureaucrat

When sociologists talk about an ideal type bureaucracy, what are they talking about?

a hypothetical model of a bureaucracy

A status that is chosen or earned is called _____ status.

an achieved

Rebecca is a member of Young Republicans. Her friend Emily is a member of Young Democrats. For Rebecca, Young Democrats are an example of _________.

an out-group

A _____ is a formal organization that directs and coordinates the efforts of the people involved in various organizational tasks.

bureaucracy

_____ is a form of social interaction that uses intimidation or the threat of force or violence to control the actions of others.

coercion

When the demands or expectations associated with two or more statuses interfere with each other or are incompatible, you have a situation called role _____

conflict

A _____ is an example of a primary group, and a _____ is an example of a secondary group.

family; work team

In a _____, goals are clearly stated.

formal organization

The process by which procedures become established in a formal organization is called _____.

formalization

As the size of a group _____, division of labor in the group _____.

increases; increases

When looking to hire and promote employees of bureaucracies, decision makers look solely at _____ as the deciding factor.

merit

Equality is a unique factor found in _____ relationships.

peer group

Your family is one kind of _____ group.

primary

People identify with psychologically with _______ groups.

reference

When a person owns less than other members of their _____ group, they experience relative deprivation.

reference

We call the linkages between members of a society _____.

social networks

We call an organization of values, norms, and roles a _____.

social organization

What is the critical difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

the extent of personal intimacy

A dyad has _____ members, and a triad has _____ members.

two; three

An organization people join because they share the organization's goals and values and voluntarily choose to support them is called a _____ association.

voluntary

What do we call organizations made up of people who have shared interests and values?

voluntary associations