CHAPTER 5 PSY

1. ________-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds, while ________-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds.

high; low

1. What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

1. Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

1. What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

1. Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

Inattentional Blindness

1. Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

Just noticeable

1. Which of the following is false about sensation?

Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

1. Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

1. What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

1. Kimya stares at a bright light and then looks away. After she looks away, she perceives a spot. What is this spot?

afterimage

1. Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

1. The ________is also known as the anvil.

incus

1. Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

1. Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

nociception

1. Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

1. What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes?

optic chiasm

1. Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

signal detection

1. Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.

since birth

1. Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

1. What is vertigo?

spinning sensation

1. Which of the following exemplifies gustation?

tasting freshly caught salmon

1. Individuals suffering from congenital analgesia have a shorter life span due to ________.

their injuries and secondary infections of injured sites

1. Due to his sense of ________, Abraham knows he is cold when he is outside during a blizzard, and he knows he is hot after he comes inside and eats soup by the fire.

thermoception

1. Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet

1. In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content

1. Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular

1. How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

1. Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

1. Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

1. Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory?

both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

1. What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on―a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry."

bottom-up

1. The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________.

can see

1. Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness.

congenital

1. Light waves are transmitted across the ________ and enter the eye through the ________.

cornea; pupil

1. The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

crest; trough

1. Hertz is a measure of ________.

frequency

1. ________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

1. What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

1. What was the original focus of Swets' (1964) signal detection theory?

improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips

1. At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left; right

1. In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

1. Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________.

longer wavelengths

1. Longer wavelengths will have ________ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ________ frequencies.

lower; higher

1. Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

1. Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.

motivation

1. ________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

1. Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

1. Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

1. What is a binaural cue?

two-eared cue to localize sound