Chapter 5 questions part 2

Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum-production? A. Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. B. No, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. C. No, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. D. Yes, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.

Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.

. Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light? A. vitamin C B. vitamin E C. vitamin B D. vitamin D E. vitamin A

vitamin D

Another name for a bedsore is A. psoriasis. B. vitiligo. C. decubitus ulcer. D. eczema. E. bullae.

decubitus ulcer.

Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of getting skin cancer? A. A 31-year old dark-skinned male B. A 23-year old female with blond hair and hazel eyes C. A 55-year old male with brown hair and brown eyes D. A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes

A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes

Acne is caused by A. testosterone. B. sebum. C. abnormal keratinization of hair follicles. D. Propionibacterium. E. All of these are factors.

All of these are factors

Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer? A. Small cell carcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Basal cell carcinoma D. Melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Melanin is found in which cells? A. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes B. Only melanocytes C. Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells D. Only keratinocytes

Both melanocytes and keratinocytes

What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue? A. Full thickness B. Partial thickness C. Second degree D. Total dermal thickness E. First degree

Full thickness

Describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin. A. Improved skin tone B. Increased vitamin B production C. Increased melanin synthesis D. Decreased cancer risk

Increased melanin synthesis

Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin. B. Skin becomes thicker. C. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases. D. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin. E. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.

Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin

Describe the movement of melanin in the skin. A. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes. B. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells. C. Melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate toward the skin surface. D. Melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes.

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes

Identify the functions of the integumentary system. _____ Blood cell production _____ Resistance to infection _____ Sensation of environmental stimuli ______ Thermoregulation _____ Vitamin E synthesis

Resistance to infection Sensation of environmental stimuli Thermoregulation

Which of the following statements is false? A. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble. B. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin. C. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria. D. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle. E. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

Impetigo is caused by the bacterium A. Luteus. B. Herpes. C. Propionibacterium. D. Staphylococcus. E. Streptococcus.

Staphylococcus

A parent of an baby visits her pediatrician because her baby is turning orange. Fortunately, the baby's lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration? A. The mother has been feeding the baby orange soda. B. The baby's diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots. C. There is no logical explanation for this coloration change. D. The baby was in the sun too long.

The baby's diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots.

Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false? A. Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth. B. Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium. C. Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis. D. Vitamin D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine. E. Vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin? A. red B. white C. brown D. auburn E. black

white

Touch receptors of the skin are located in all of these areas, except: A. in the dermis B. within the hair of the dermis and epidermis C. in the epidermis D. in the dermal papillae E. around the base of the hair follicle

within the hair of the dermis and epidermis

When the arrector pili muscles contract A. the body is able to lose heat. B. no change is noted on the skin surface. C. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl. D. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin. E. "goose bumps" form on the skin.

"goose bumps" form on the skin.

The nail root and the nail body attach to the A. nail groove. B. hyponychium. C. nail bed. D. lunula. E. hypodermis.

. nail bed.

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? (1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now. (2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now. (3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now. (4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now. A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 2 D. 1, 2, 4 E. 1, 2, 3

1, 2

Name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived. A. Hypodermis B. Epidermis C. Dermis

Epidermis

A recent study demonstrated that there are three unique strains of Propionibacterium acnes; two strains are more prevalent in people with acne; however, one of which appears not to be pathogenic to humans and is more prevalent in people with 'clear' skin. Additionally, the strain of P. acnes found in healthy skin kills the of invading bacteria, including the pathogenic P. acnes. Which of the following statements about the targeted removal of 'bad' P. acnes and addition of 'good' P. acnes is INCORRECT? A. Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin. B. After "bad" P. acnes is removed, the applications of "good" P. acnes should be able to grow and kill invasive bacteria.

Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin.

Eccrine sweat glands A. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature. B. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin. C. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles. D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria. E. aid in cooling the body.

aid in cooling the body

Body odor results from secretions from the ______ sweat glands. A. eccrine B. apocrine C. sebaceous D. merocrine E. ceruminous

apocrine

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels, A. body heat is conserved. B. more blood enters into the heart. C. more blood flows to the skin. D. body temperature tends to drop in that area. E. the blood vessels become dilated.

body heat is conserved.

By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A. blood pH. B. body temperature homeostasis. C. brain activity. D. body structure. E. blood volume.

body temperature homeostasis.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? A. electrolyte imbalance B. weight loss C. fever D. hypermetabolic state E. decreased protein demand

decreased protein demand

On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from A. dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks. B. constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks. C. increased permeability of superficial vessels. D. constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks. E. damage to the epidermis by the cold.

dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks

What is synonymous with the cuticle? A. nail fold B. eponychium C. nail body D. hyponychium E. nail root

eponychium

When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called: A. jaundice B. albinism C. cyanosis D. erythema

erythema

Which of the following will help cool the body? A. decreased blood flow to the skin B. absorption of excess sweat C. evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface D. absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skin E. contraction of the arrector pili muscles

evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly A. exhibit a decrease in melanin production. B. no longer experience hot flashes at night. C. have less blood flowing to the skin. D. have an increase in desquamation. E. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.

experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer

166. Scientists, studying skin microbes, have identified three unique strains of the bacterium P. acnes., all of which are found on the skin. These bacteria break down fats, resulting an a low skin pH. This low pH is alkaline in nature and makes the environment unfavorable to invading bacteria.

f

The acne-associated bacterium Propionibacterium acnes are found in sebum-rich of the skin, such as the arms, palms, and axillary regions.

f

True or False: The subcutaneous tissue is part of the skin or the integumentary system.

f

A burn classified as partial thickness could be _____. A. epidermal or dermal B. first or second degree C. second or third degree D. thin or deep

first or second degree

A slight sunburn is an example of a ______ burn. A. third-degree B. fourth-degree C. partial-thickness D. first-degree E. second-degree

first-degree

Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a A. parasite. B. virus. C. inflammation. D. bacterium. E. fungus.

fungus

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of A. sweat. B. skin folds. C. hair. D. skin. E. nails.

hair

The stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail is the A. nail root. B. eponychium. C. hyponychium. D. nail fold. E. nail body.

hyponychium

By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in A. respiration. B. circulation. C. digestion. D. excretion. E. immunity.

immunity.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? A. local edema B. venous thrombosis C. increased immunity D. decreased heart pumping ability E. shock

increased immunity

The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except: A. loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue B. thinner epidermis C. increases in sebaceous gland activity D. reduction in collagen and elastin

increases in sebaceous gland activity

Sweat A. reaches the body only through the hair follicles. B. is not associated with emotions. C. contains only water. D. is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland. E. is a hypertonic fluid.

is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland.

Intact skin provides protection because A. the skin enhances water loss from the body. B. macrophages roam in the epidermis. C. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline. D. the skin contains components of the excretory system. E. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes

it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.

The activity of apocrine sweat glands A. gives the skin a healthy glow. B. produces sweat on the palm of the hand. C. leads to body odor. D. produces cerumen. E. produces an oily secretion.

leads to body odor.

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved? A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipid-soluble substances D. amino acids E. water-soluble substances

lipid-soluble substances

The vesicles that contain melanin are called ______. A. keratinocytes B. Golgi apparatus C. melanosomes D. melanocytes

melanosomes

The distal portion of the nail is the A. nail body. B. eponychium. C. nail fold. D. hyponychium. E. nail root.

nail body

The skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail is the A. hyponychium. B. nail root. C. nail fold. D. eponychium. E. nail body.

nail fold

. Nail cells are produced by the A. nail groove. B. nail body. C. cuticle. D. lunula. E. nail matrix.

nail matrix

The proximal portion of the nail is the A. nail root. B. hyponychium. C. nail body. D. nail fold. E. eponychium.

nail root

An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A. fluid retention by the kidney B. increased melanin production C. portal of entry for microorganisms D. loss of cell regeneration ability E. irreversible damage to the epidermis

portal of entry for microorganisms

Which of the following is NOT a type of burn? A. partial-thickness burn B. third-degree burn C. full-thickness burn D. second-degree burn E. primary burn

primary burn

Nails A. are part of the dermis. B. are soft keratin. C. protect the ends of digits. D. alternate between growing and resting stages. E. grow from their free edges.

protect the ends of digits.

The contraction of the arrector pili: A. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface B. pulls the follicle into a more oblique angle in relation to the skin surface

pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface

The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the A. cause of the burn. B. amount of pain. C. color of the skin. D. rule of nines. E. ABCDE rule.

rule of nines.

Skin glands do not include A. sweat glands. B. sebaceous glands. C. mammary glands. D. salivary glands. E. ceruminous glands.

salivary glands.

Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. He has what type of burn? A. second degree B. fourth degree C. first degree D. fifth degree E. third degree

second degree

Subcutaneous tissue contains of all of the following EXCEPT: A. collagen and elastin fibers B. macrophages C. stratified squamous epithelial tissue D. fibroblasts and adipocytes E. loose connective tissue

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the A. stratum basale. B. stratum corneum. C. stratum lucidum. D. stratum lunula. E. stratum spinosum.

stratum basale

The nail proper is composed of the A. stratum corneum. B. stratum lucidum. C. stratum germinativum. D. stratum spinosum. E. All of these choices are correct.

stratum corneum

An increase in body temperature causes A. sweating. B. an increase in melanin production. C. an increase in keratinization of the skin. D. arterioles in the dermis to constrict. E. arrector pili muscles to contract

sweating

Which region of the nail contains the stratum basale layer? A. the cuticle B. the hyponychium C. the free edge D. the matrix

the matrix

Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is, A. their exposure to U.V. light in the summer will last for a year. B. they do not need vitamin D. C. their bodies produce vitamin D another way. D. they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals. E. they do not require sunlight for vitamin D formation.

they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals.

Fingernails are comprised of: A. collagen deposited by the lunula and the matrix B. proteins secreted by the nail groove from the matrix C. epithelial and collagen fibers produced in the dermis D. thin, dead scaly cells

thin, dead scaly cells

What type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain? A. second-degree B. third-degree C. fourth-degree D. first-degree E. partial-thickness

third-degree