Chapter 5 quiz
Initiating Structure
-Behaviors that a leader engages in to make sure that work gets done and subordinates perform their job acceptably -assigning individual tasks to followers, planning ahead, setting goals, deciding which team members should perform which tasks and pushing subordinates to get their tasks accomplished
Consideration behavior
-behavior indicating that a leader trusts, respects, and values goods relationships with his or her followers -shows followers that he or she cares about their well-being and is concerned about how they feel and what they think
To correctly implement the four general types of leader behavior recommended by the path-goal theory of leadership, leaders must________
A) take into account the nature of subordinates and the work they do
According to Fiedler,_____ are MOST effective in very favorable or unfavorable situations.
A) task-oriented leaders
All of the following are reasons for documenting a message in writing EXCEPT ________.
A) the message is routine
Deborah Dobson is a supervisor with Tye & Dye, Inc., and prides herself on her efficiency. She often finds herself glancing at her watch while others are speaking to her, or scanning a report while meeting with a subordinate on another matter. Given such behavior, Deborah should not be surprised to discover that she is considered by her coworkers ________.
A) to have poor listening skills
Judy Bailey is the chief engineering officer at a small biotechnology company. She oversees three laboratories and a group of mostly male engineers and biologists. The first woman in this position, Judy has perceived some ambivalence, as well as some animosity, regarding her authority. The research on gender and leadership suggests that Judy is MOST LIKELY to ________.
A) use a democratic style to win over opponents
A(n) ________ depends on one central member to receive and send messages to the other group members, and is most common when there is pooled interdependence.
A) wheel network
Using the phrase "it's in the best interests of everyone in our department and vital to the future of our company" frames an argument with ________ appeal.
B) emotional
Encoding is MOST necessary to communication because it ________.
B) entails modifying a message based on who is receiving it
As an attorney with the firm of Dewey, Cheatum, & Howe, Juliana has just received the message from a major client that she is not to proceed with a legal filing. Juliana called the client back to say that she had stopped the filing process, and the client thanked her before hanging up. Juliana's response to the clients' message is an example of the ________.
B) feedback loop
The contingency theory of leadership examines__________
b) how a particular situation influences a leader's effectiveness
According to Fiedler,_____are MOST effective in moderately favorable situations.
b) relationship-oriented leaders
Developmental Consideration
behavior by a leader that is supportive and encouraging toward followers and gives them opportunities to develop and grow on the job, such as by acquiring new skills and capabilities
If a supervisor wants to gain credibility for his idea to shift work hours to an earlier time in order to increase productivity, it would be BEST for him to ________. A) form coalitions with other powerful managers even though they often act questionably B) prevent formal discussion of any issues that do not support his view C) bring in an outside expert to back up his ideas D) use punishment or rewards to garner support for his ideas
C
Power is BEST defined as the ability of ________. A) managers to increase their authority and pursue their own interests B) managers to increase their authority and ability to influence the work of others C) one person or group to cause another person or group to do something that they might not otherwise have done D) one person or group to promote their own agenda
C
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
C) Active listeners avoid interrupting the speaker.
______ are MOST LIKELY to have high levels of self-confidence and self-esteem, which encourages their followers to repeat and admire them.
C) Charismatic leaders
________ is the translation of the message into symbols or language that the receiver can understand.
C) Encoding
________________ is the exercise of influence by one member of a group or organization over other members to help the group or organization achieve its goals.
C) Leadership
Which of the following statements regarding gender and leadership is FALSE?
C) Men tend to lead in more democratic manner
_________ suggest that leader need to focus on what outcomes motivate their followers and then to distribute those outcomes to subordinates when they attain their work goals and
C) Path-goal theory
Which of the following do leaders NOT use to motivate employees when using the path-goal theory of leadership?
D) commanding behaviors
An employee needs to figure out what paper work he needs to complete to request vacation time. He would turn to the ________ to learn this.
D) communication network
Effective leaders do NOT use emotional intelligence to __________
D) convince employees that they have skills that they do not have
Leadership does NOT involve______________.
D) disregarding the needs of individuals for the good of the whole.
Personally addressed written communication BEST helps to ________.
D) encourage the receiver to pay attention to it
Good communication serves all of the following functions in an organization EXCEPT_______
D) ensuring agreement between employees
Carly, a district manager of a chain restaurant, has been under a lot of stress lately because her store did not meet last month's sales quota. While going over this month's sales numbers, which look equally bad, Mary, one of her lead waitresses, calls in sick. Carly immediately begins yelling at her and telling her that she must come in whether or not she is sick. Mary tries to protest, but is unable to because she is crying. What important function of communication is Carly MOST LIKELY ignoring?
D) expressing feelings and emotions
Fiedler suggest that when leaders are under stress, they concentrate on__________
D) first priority
According to Fiedler, all of the following determine how favorable citations are for leading EXCEPT__________
D) goal-setting theory
The communication process is complete when both parties ________.
D) have reached a common understanding
Which of the following is the LOWEST in information richness?
D) impersonal written communication
Leaders______ their subordinates' level of motivation, performance, and decision making.
D) influence
In persuasive communication, the sender's task is to ________.
D) influence the receiver's response
Which of the following factors is LEAST LIKELY to enhance a sender's credibility?
D) informal leadership
Which one of the following traits does NOT have a strong relationship to effective leadership?
D) ingenuity
Emotional maturity does NOT ensure that a leader_______
D) is self-confiendent
Characteristics of the ______ CANNOT act as a leadership substitute.
D) leader
When transformational leadership is present, subordinates do NOT display_______
D) less commitment to the organization
People who do not like talking on phones because they feel they are not really communicating MOST LIKELY rely on ________ communication.
D) nonverbal
All of the following are part of a person's linguistic style EXCEPT ________.
D) physical distance
The ________ is the individual, group, or organization that needs or wants to share information with some other individual, group, or organization
D) sender
A manager has been told by upper management to communicate a message to several of his employees. The manager needs to convey the message quickly and does not want to have a lengthy discussion about the message. His BEST option would be ________.
D) sending an email
According to Fiedler's contingency theory, which of the following is NOT correct?
D) situations cannot be changed to match the specific characteristics of leaders.
Which of the following will NOT be accomplished by allowing subordinates to participate in making decisions and solving problems?
D) speed the decision-making process
Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information by all of the following means EXCEPT ________.
D) spoken word
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transformational leadership??
D) stressing the reward-for performance equation
Developmental consideration is behavior by a leader that is __________
D) supportive and encouraging
Which of the following does NOT determine the persuasiveness of a written message?
D) the place in which the message was composed
A good listener would NOT ________ while somebody else was speaking to him.
D) think of what he was going to say next
Path-goal theory does NOT say that leaders should__________
D) threaten their subordinates with consequences if they do not achieve objectives
According to the leader trait approach, _______ helps a leader deal with the uncertainty inherent in any leadership role.
D) tolerance for stress
Pondy's model of the conflict process has limited applicability within organizations and provides guidance only for a limited range of situations
False
The strength of manifest conflict has no effect on organizational effectiveness
False
Leader Style
relationship oriented - want to be liked by and get along well with their subordinates -task oriented - want their subordinates to perform at a high level and accomplish all their assigned tasks to the best of their abilities
A manager has been told by upper management to communicate a message to several of his employees. The manager needs to convey the message quickly and does not want to have a lengthy discussion about the message. His BEST option would be ________.
sending an email
The communication ________ is the pathway through which encoded messages are transmitted.
A) medium
According to Robert House, _____ pushes subordinates to do their best.
D) achievement-oriented behavior
A(n) ________ is MOST OFTEN used in groups whose task involves reciprocal task interdependence.
D) all-channel network
Which of the following is NOT consideration when investigating the behavior approach to leadership?
A) Certain situational elements influence leadership behaviors.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Communication networks are found only at the organizational level.
______involves behaviors indicating that a leader trusts, respects, and values good relationships with his or her followers.
A) Consideration
______ are given the authority to influence members to achieve organizational goals.
A) Formal leaders
A girl was throwing a party for her friends. She sent an email that said, "Come join me for a summer celebration. It will begin at 2pm and end at 5pm. We will meet at Smith's Park in Allentown to play soccer and kickball. Make sure to bring water and clothes you don't mind getting dirty. Can't wait to see your smiling faces!" Which of the following statements BEST describes the effectiveness of this email?
A) It was ineffective because although clear, it was not complete.
________ is specialized terminology or language that members of a profession, occupation, or other group develop to aid communication among themselves.
A) Jargon
Which of the following statements about persuasive communication is FALSE?
A) Leaders attempt to persuade their employees, but the reverse does not happen.
Which of the following is NOT an example of how managers should use communication to motivate employees?
A) promoting the filtering of critical information
Charismatic leaders are characterized by their ability to________
A) provide a vision to organizational members
Sources of functional or divisional organizational power do NOT include ________. A) visibility B) centrality C) ability to control contingencies D) ability to control and generate resources
A
________ stems from superior ability or expertise in performing a task. A) Expert power B) Referent power C) Information power D) Charismatic power
A
The ownership of Uptick Incorporated is looking for a new vice president of sales to take charge of their failing team of salespeople. Their inter-company research has shown that the sales team lacks motivation and initiative. The research has also shown that this group performs at a much higher level when led by someone who assigns individual tasks to follow, plans ahead, sets goals, and pushes subordinates to get their tasks accomplished. Which of the following questions will BEST help the owners of Uptick Incorporated find the right person for the new vice president of sales job?
A) As a leader, do you believe in and follow initiating-structure behaviors?
Fiedler asserts that ______ are relatively fixed or enduring.
A) ledership styles
Mark Trudeau, an account representative for Foster Paints, is a dedicated employee who consistently achieves over and above his supervisor's set goals. In his day to day work, Mark and his supervisor collaborate on the best ways they each think problems and issues should be handled. Over the course of his time with Foster Paints, he has worked closely with his supervisor, Danielle, often having as much to say about procedures as does Danielle. Together, they are able to accomplish great productivity and success through shared influence over each other. Based on the above information, which of the following is the MOST accurate statement?
A) Mark is in the "in group."
________ is anything that interferes with the communication process.
A) Noise
__________leaders, according to Fiedler, are called _________LPC leaders.
A) Relationship-oriented; high
__________is the extent to which work to be performed by a group is clearly defined.
A) Task structure
__________leaders want their subordinates to perform at a high level and accomplish all of their assigned tasks.
A) Task-oriented
Jose Garza spends long hours every day doing research for Biotech, Inc., a company that is focused on finding alternative fuel sources in a world that is growing more concerned each day about carbon emissions and climate change. Since he entered high school, some ten years ago, Jose has been deeply concerned about these issues as well. Because of his devotion to this cause, Jose is very happy in his job doing research in the field. Oftentimes he even works long past his paid work hours because he enjoys what he is doing and thinks it to be so important. Which of the following is TRUE?
A) The level of enjoyment, satisfaction, and purpose Jose derives from his work acts as a leadership substitute.
________ is the sharing of information by means of words, either spoken or written.
A) Verbal communication
________ are most common when there is pooled task interdependence.
A) Wheel networks
Yolanda Sparks is a leader who believes strongly in the relationship-oriented approach to leadership. Over the years, the use of this style has meant mostly good things for her company, Sandstone, Inc. Some of her subordinates, however, have complained about her leadership style in anonymous questionnaires routinely filled out by employees. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY a complaint that one of her employees has put in an anonymous questionnaire?
A) Yolanda's leadership often leaves us feeling as though our assembly line responsibilities are not as important as our regular conversations with her about things outside of work. This usually results in less work getting done and, therefore, lower productivity numbers on our weekly reports.
According to Krackhardt and Hanson, which informal communication network is MOST LIKELY to be used to solve the problem of repairing a complicated machine?
A) advice network
A politician wants to gain credibility for his campaign. Because the audience is full of active listeners, he should ________.
A) bring up opposing views and refute them
Grace is shopping for a computer when a salesman begins telling her why she should choose a certain model. He is using technical terms that Grace doesn't understand, so Grace loses interest and leaves. In the future, the salesman should ________.
A) change how he encodes the message
Research suggest that women tend to lead in a more_____ style, and men tent to lead in a more _______style.
A) democratic; autocratic
An American businessman was taking care of a business deal in Japan. He was planning on doing business with a Japanese firm because they have a strong reputation. After talking to the leaders of the firm, he decided they were sneaky and untrustworthy due to their indirect way of speaking. His perceptions MOST LIKELY occurred because of ________.
A) differences in linguistic styles
According to Robert House, ________lets subordinates know what tasks need to be performed and how they should be performed.
A) directive behavior
The issue of ________ between leaders and subordinates is a central concept in ethical leadership.
A) establishing trust
Transactional leaders motivate followers by_________
A) exchanging rewards for good performance
Jack Dobbs is trying to determine what communication medium to use to communicate his retirement plans to the employees of his company, Dobbs & Son. Jack has spent his entire career building his company that now has twenty-five employees all working in the same building on the south side of Chicago. Jack wants to be sure his employees understand that his son, Jack, Jr., will not change how employees are treated. What communication medium would be MOST effective for Jack to use in order to ensure his employees confidence in his son, Jack, Jr.?
A) face-to-face communication
Ronald Ross is an employee in a work group of five people. Ronald's supervisor, Randy, interacts with other group members in a relatively superficial manner, providing them with information they need to get the job done while remaining formal and somewhat distant and cold. In contrast, Ronald and Randy have a great working relationship, exchanging information and unsolicited suggestions. Based on the leader-member exchange theory, the relationship between Ronald and Randy is BEST classified as ________.
A) in-group
Telephone conversations provide ________.
A) instant feedback
To counter the effect of increasing diversity as a barrier to effective communication, many large organizations are ________.
A) instituting diversity-training programs
A message is clear ONLY when ________.
A) it contains information that is easily interpreted or understood
A_______ is an individual who is able to influence group or organizational members to help the group or organization achieve its goal.
A) leader
A______ is something that acts in the place of a formal leader and makes leadership unnecessary.
A) leadership substitute
A________ is something that prevents a leader from having any influence and negates the leader's efforts.
A) leadership vortex
When______, situations are more favorable for leading.
B) consideration is high
A leader who tells subordinates what to do is engaging in______ behavior
B) directive
A manager should be MOST concerned if conflict is in the ________ stage. A) latent B) manifest C) felt D) perceived
B
Although controlling resources is important in organizations, the ability to ________ them is also crucial. A) allocate B) generate C) share D) hoard
B
Pauline Paisley is vice president of manufacturing at Apex Aluminum Co. She is constantly battling with the marketing department. She cannot understand marketing's constant concern for new quality products that increase costs, and she knows marketing does not realize the costs of retooling and manufacturing new products. The source of conflict is BEST described as ________. A) incompatible task relationships B) differences in functional orientation C) centrality of the manufacturing division D) interpersonal differences between executives
B
When managers obtain their goals via tactics such as sabotage or strikebreaking, they are generally in the ________ stage of Pondy's model. A) felt conflict B) manifest conflict C) perceived conflict D) latent conflict
B
________ is characterized by active disagreement over which organizational goals to pursue and how to pursue them. A) Turf warfare B) Political decision making C) Interdepartmental divergence D) Organizational conflict
B
________ is the style of handling conflict in which one party simply allows the other to achieve its goals. A) Avoidance B) Accommodation C) Collaboration D) Compromise
B
________ is the set of pathways though which information flows within a group or organization.
B) A communication network
________ is the medium with the highest level of information richness.
B) A face-to-face conversation
_________is the sharing of information between two or more individuals or groups to reach a common understanding.
B) Communication
Which statement MOST accurately reflects a devil's advocate's response to persuasive communication?
B) Devil's advocates are not easily swayed by emotional appeals.
________ occurs when senders withhold part of a message because they think the receiver does not need the information or will not want to receive it.
B) Filtering
________ pertains to the amount of information a given communication medium can carry and the extent to which that medium enables senders and receivers to reach a common understanding.
B) Information richness
_______involves behaviors that a leader engages in to make sure the work gets done and subordinates perform their jobs acceptably.
B) Initiating structure
Which of the following is NOT a potential explanation of why women tend to use more democratic leadership styles than men do ?
B) Men tend to be more task-oriented than women are.
Which of the following statements regarding the leader-member exchange theory of leadership is FALSE?
B) Out-groups are necessarily large than in-groups
________ is an attempt by one person or group to share information with other persons or groups in order to get them to accept, follow, or otherwise achieve the objectives the communicator desires.
B) Persuasive communication
_____ refers to the amount of formal authority that the leader has to reward and punish subordinates
B) Position power
________ are unofficial bits of information on topics that are important or interesting to an organization's members.
B) Rumors
Which of the following statements BEST describes the communication of a company where all communication takes place via electronically-transmitted verbal communication?
B) Their communication is not as rich as it could be.
Which of the following statements regarding subordinates who have an in-group relationship with their leaders is FALSE?
B) Their relationship is distant and impersonal
Which of the following is TRUE regarding both the trait and behavior approaches to leadership?
B) They essentially ignore the situation in which leadership takes place.
_________occurs when a leader motivates followers purely by exchanging rewards for good performance and noticing and reprimanding subordinates for mistakes and substandard performance.
B) Transactional leadership
__________inspires followers to trust the leader, perform behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, and perform at high levels.
B) Transformational leadership
Which of the following is enhanced by nonverbal communication?
B) an in-person meeting
Leadership neutralizers can______________
B) be found in the characteristics of the work group
When a message is ambiguous, the receiver's ________ will be MOST LIKELY to affect interpretation of the message.
B) biases
A teacher rearranges her students' desks from rows to several square groups of four desks. These groups are MOST conducive to a ________ communication network
B) circle
Janet, a manager at a local restaurant, was very frustrated with one of the chefs. The chef sang as he cooked and this disturbed Janet. But, the chef did not change his behavior. Finally, one day, in anger, Janet told the chef that she was very disappointed that he had not changed his behavior. In shock, the chef said, "I didn't even know that you were upset by my singing. Of course, I will stop." Janet had failed to communicate her ________.
B) feelings and emotions
The ________ is a set of informal communication pathways though which unofficial information flows in an organization.
B) grapevine
Sandy Shaw is the leader of a production group at Tech-Deck, Inc. As the leader, Sandy often finds that her employees approach her with concerns regarding both professional development and personal issues. Sandy is uncomfortable providing advice in these areas, however, and wishes to maintain a purely professional relationship with her subordinates, concentrating primarily on issues relating to completion of work assignments and goal setting. Sandy is exhibiting leader behavior characterized by the Ohio State studies as ________.
B) initiating structure
Communication is complete after ________.
B) it contains all the information necessary to achieve a common understanding between the sender and the receiver
The extend to which a leader actually does help a group or organization to achieve its goals is BEST described as ___________
B) leader effectiveness
Leadership neutralizers tend to be dysfunctional for the organization because they MOST OFTEN indicate that the________
B) leader's influence is lacking
The ____ describes the different types of relationships that may develop between a leader and a follower.
B) leader-member exchange theory
Fielder described situations in which followers appreciate, trust, and feel a certain degree of loyalty towards their leaders as being high in________
B) leader-member relations
A manager tells employees about the new reward and punishment system that she is going to implement in the group. She spends far more time discussing rewards and explains that she believes that all employees can earn the rewards if they devote the right amount of effort to their work. She is very encouraging. The manager is MOST LIKELY trying to ________ her employees.
B) motivate
Jill asked Jack to go to the store and pick up apples, milk, and bread. Jack was watching tv and did not look up at Jill when she spoke to him. He assured her that he heard her and would take care of her requests. When Jill left, Jack did not at all remember what Jill had said to him. Jill did not communicate with Jack due to _______.
B) poor listening
In the communication process, the ________ is the individual, group, or organization for which the information is intended.
B) receiver
As a manager, Jan's most important concern is getting along with her subordinates. She wants everybody to be friends. Her style of leadership is ____________
B) relationship-oriented
The leader trait approach asserts that _____ helps a leader to influence followers and to motivate them in the face of obstacles or difficulties.
B) self-confidence
According to Fiedler, a group that has clear goals and specific means for accomplishing those goals is operating at high levels of ___________
B) task structure
The two distinct leadership styles in the contingency model of leadership are referred to as _______
B) task-oriented and relationship-oriented
A college professor was very excited to have a specific guest visiting his class. When he introduced the guest to the class, he momentarily forgot that the students were not experts in the field of study. Consequently, he used several different acronyms to describe the guests experiences. The students did not understand these acronyms. As a result, ________.
B) the jargon prevented effective communication
The sharing of information as well as ______ must take place in order for communication to take place.
B) the reaching of common understanding
When followers want to believe leaders have the ability to make a difference and attribute qualities to them they really don't possess, they are experiencing________
B) the romance of leadership
Nell Bates has recently become the supervisor of the shipping department at Bates and Hitchcock Suppliers, Inc. In her first week on the job, she spent 10 minutes meeting with each employee to discuss the department's objectives and the timeline for meeting these objectives. This scenario demonstrates that one function of communication is ________.
B) to provide information
Which of the following groups is LEAST LIKELY to use an all-channel communication network?
C) auto assembly-line workers
A(n) ________ is characterized by communication between members flowing in a predetermined sequence, and is most common when tasks are sequentially interdependent.
C) chain network
Transformational leaders are MOST LIKELY to influence their subordinates by being_________
C) charismatic
In a ________ network, members communicate with those who are similar to them on some dimension, such as expertise, interests, or location.
C) circle
The leader behaviors of initiating structure and consideration are BEST described as __________
C) complementary
In the ______ decision-making style, subordinates have some input, but the leader makes the decision.
C) consultative
All of the following are examples of initiating-structure behavior EXCEPT______
C) counseling employees
Receivers are MOST LIKELY to withhold feedback or to provide inappropriate feedback when the ________.
C) feedback is negative
Transformational leaders do all of the following for their subordinates EXCEPT__________
C) increase awareness of their dependence on the organization
Even though _____ have no official job authority, their ability to influence others stems from one special skills or talents they possess.
C) informal leaders
In choosing a medium, one of the most significant trade-offs is between ________ and the amount of time it takes to communicate the message by using the medium.
C) information richness
Effective communication requires that the sender translate the message into a form that ________.
C) is understood by the receiver
When the landing signal officer on an aircraft carrier tells the pilot of an aircraft preparing to land "Right for lineup" or "Get dirty" instead of describing the numerous moves required for each action, this is an example of ________.
C) jargon expediting effective communication
Preliminary research has indicated that leaders mood_______
C) may be an important determinant of leader effectiveness
The path-goal theory of leadership focuses on effective leaders as _______
C) motivators
During the middle school's open house, the teacher told her student's parents that she really liked their child. While saying this she had a very dirty look on her face. Through her ________, the teacher raised doubts as to whether she really liked the children.
C) nonverbal communication
According to Robert House, ______ enables subordinates to be involved in making decisions that affect them.
C) participative behavior
The ability of informal leaders to influence others MOST OFTEN stems from______
C) special skills or talents they possess
The process that confirms that a message has been received and properly understood is called ________.
C) the feedback loop
Real communication occurs when_______
C) the sender and receiver attribute the same meaning to the message
The ________ provides paths of communication for delicate information, as well as for potential and actual crises.
C) trust network
The behavior approach to leadership focuses on_______
C) what leaders actually do.
A ________ is an outsider who is skilled in handling bargaining and negotiation. A) judge B) middle man C) field marshal D) third-party negotiator
D
A division's ability to control contingencies ________. A) gives the division the power to reward and punish behavior B) means that it is the only division to have this power C) makes the division vital to all other divisions D) allows the division to handle sudden changes
D
A manager can use reward power to influence and control subordinate behavior as long as the rewards are ________. A) scarce B) tangible C) intangible D) valued
D
According to Pondy's model, ________ begins when one party becomes aware that its goals are being thwarted by the actions of another party. A) felt conflict B) latent conflict C) perceived conflict D) manifest conflict
D
Which statement BEST explains the relationship between charisma and power? A) The more charisma a person has, the less able they are to influence others. B) If one lacks charisma, one cannot have legitimate power. C) If one has charisma, one also has other formal powers. D) If one possesses charisma, other powers may not be as important
D
________ are MOST LIKELY to sap the strength of an organization, waste organizational resources, and distract the organization from achieving its goals. A) Strict orders B) Strong CEOs C) Organizational politics D) Power struggles
D
_________provides employees with the information they need to do their jobs effectively.
D) Communication
Carlos Rivera is a middle-level, expatriate manager who works for a multinational corporation. He has learned two languages and seven dialects in an effort to communicate and be friendly with his subordinates. Carlos is engaging in leader behaviors that the Ohio State studies would characterize as ________.
D) Consideration
Who is following the Path-goal theory in the following examples?
D) Darla Pierce wants her subordinates to believe that she does not have confidence in them so that they continually work to surpass her expectations.
Which of the following is an advantage of employee participation?
D) Decisions are accepted more readily.
________ is the process by which the receiver interprets or tries to make sense of the message the sender is trying to transmit.
D) Decoding
________ MOST OFTEN offer the most facility for persuasive communication.
D) Face-to-face conversations
Which statement BEST describes how jargon is related to decoding?
D) If the receiver has a strong background in the subject, decoding will occur.
________ allows a sender to communicate with the largest number of receivers simultaneously.
D) Impersonal written communication
________ is the change in meaning that occurs when a message travels through a series of senders to a receiver.
D) Information distortion
The owner of a tire company is in the process of choosing a spokesperson. She wants to choose someone that will have high credibility. Her BEST option for a spokesperson would be ________.
D) a successful racecar driver
A person's reputation within an organization indicates very little of the person's power to influence decision-making
False
According to researchers, conflict in an organization is always dysfunctional because it leads to lower performance, overall
False
Charismatic power is an intense form of expert power.
False
Compromise usually involves bargaining and negotiation to reach a solution that is acceptable to both parties.
True
Informal individual power stems from personal characteristics.
True
Managers who abuse power and politics to promote their own interests are likely to harm the interests of others.
True
Task relationships generate conflict between people and groups, because organizational tasks are interrelated and affect one another
True
The ability to confer rewards and punishments fairly and equitably is a crucial managerial skill.
True
The ability to control and generate resources for an organization is a source of functional and divisional power.
True
The legitimate power of a CEO is granted by an organization's board of directors.
True
The management of conflict between individuals is directed at changing the attitudes or behavior of those involved in the conflict.
True
Union and management negotiators often develop long-term relationships with one another and try to cooperate
True
Leader punishing behavior
a leader's negative response to subordinates' undesired behavior -occurs when a leader reprimands or otherwise responds negatively to subordinates who perform undesired behavior
Leader reward behavior
a leader's positive reinforcement of subordinates' desirable behavior -leaders who notice when their followers do a good job and acknowledge it with compliments, praise, or more tangible benefits like a pay raise
Formal leaders
a member of an organization who is given authority by the organization to influence other organizational members to achieve organizational goals
Vroom and Yetton Model
a model that describes the different ways in which leaders can make decisions and guides leaders in determining the extent to which subordinates should participate in decision making -subordinate participating helps ensure they will accept a decision that affects them or requires their support
Least preferred co-employee scale
a questionnaire that measures leader style by scoring leaders' responses to questions about the co employee with whom they have the most difficulty working
Charismatic Leaders
a self-confident, enthusiastic leader able to win followers' respect and support for his or her vision of how good things could be
Path-Goal Theory
a theory that describes how leaders can motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals and the kinds of behaviors leaders can engage in to motivate followers -suggests that effective leaders follow 3 guidelines to motivate their followers and will have highly motivated subordinates who are likely to meed their work goals and perform at high levels
Leader member exchange theory
a theory that describes the different kinds of relationships that may develop between a leader and a follower and what the leader and the follower give to and receive back from the relationship
leader
an individual able to influence group or organizational members to help the group or organization achieve its goals
Informal leaders
an organizational member with no formal authority to influence others who nevertheless is able to exert considerable influence because of special skills or talents
When a message is ambiguous, the receiver's ________ will be MOST LIKELY to affect interpretation of the message.
biases
Grace is shopping for a computer when a salesman begins telling her why she should choose a certain model. He is using technical terms that Grace doesn't understand, so Grace loses interest and leaves. In the future, the salesman should ________.
change how he encodes the message
A teacher rearranges her students' desks from rows to several square groups of four desks. These groups are MOST conducive to a ________ communication network.
circle
An American businessman was taking care of a business deal in Japan. He was planning on doing business with a Japanese firm because they have a strong reputation. After talking to the leaders of the firm, he decided they were sneaky and untrustworthy due to their indirect way of speaking. His perceptions MOST LIKELY occurred because of ________.
differences in linguistic styles
Good communication serves all of the following functions in an organization EXCEPT ________.
ensuring agreement between employees
Carly, a district manager of a chain restaurant, has been under a lot of stress lately because her store did not meet last month's sales quota. While going over this month's sales numbers, which look equally bad, Mary, one of her lead waitresses, calls in sick. Carly immediately begins yelling at her and telling her that she must come in whether or not she is sick. Mary tries to protest, but is unable to because she is crying. What important function of communication is Carly MOST LIKELY ignoring?
expressing feelings and emotions
Communication takes place whenever a person speaks to another person.
false
Persuasive communication only requires the accurate transfer of information, not "framing" or "packaging" the material in order to influence others.
false
Reaching a common understanding in communication means that people have to agree with each other.
false
Since telephone conversations do not provide the receiver with nonverbal cues, their information richness is very low.
false
As an attorney with the firm of Dewey, Cheatum, & Howe, Juliana has just received the message from a major client that she is not to proceed with a legal filing. Juliana called the client back to say that she had stopped the filing process, and the client thanked her before hanging up. Juliana's response to the clients' message is an example of the ________.
feedback loop
The Leader behavior approach
focuses on what leaders actually do - specific behaviors performed by effective leaders -seeks to identify which leader behaviors help employees, groups and organizations achieve their goals -most leader behaviors involved either considerations or initiating structure
________ is the change in meaning that occurs when a message travels through a series of senders to a receiver
information distortion
Behavior Approach: Leader Reward and Punishing Behavior
managers who are leaders administer reinforcements and punishments
Transformational Leadership
leadership that inspires followers to trust the leader, perform behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and perform at high levels -occurs when the leader transforms or changes his or her followers in three important ways that result in followers trusting the leader, performing behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and being motivated to perform at high levels
Transactional leadership
leadership that motivates followers by exchanging rewards for high performance and noticing and reprimanding subordinates for mistakes and substandard performance
During the middle school's open house, the teacher told her student's parents that she really liked their child. While saying this she had a very dirty look on her face. Through her ________, the teacher raised doubts as to whether she really liked the children.
nonverbal communication
All of the following are part of a person's linguistic style EXCEPT ________.
physical distance
Jill asked Jack to go to the store and pick up apples, milk, and bread. Jack was watching tv and did not look up at Jill when she spoke to him. He assured her that he heard her and would take care of her requests. When Jill left, Jack did not at all remember what Jill had said to him. Jill did not communicate with Jack due to _______.
poor listening
Situational characteristics
situations vary in their favorability for leading - the extent to which the situation allows the leader to easily guide and channel subordinate behavior in the direction of high performance and goal attainment
Leadership substitutes
something that acts in place of a formal leader and makes leadership unnecessary -characteristics of the subordinate, the work, the group, and the organization all have the potential to act as substitutes for leadership -functional for the organization becuase they free up some of the leader's time for other activities
Leadership neutralizers
something that prevents a leader from having any influence and negates a leader's efforts --characteristics of the subordinate, the work, the group, and the organization all have the potential to act as neutralizers for leadership -dysfunctional because they reduce a leader's ability to influence subordinates
Leader Trait Approach
sought to identify enduring personal traits that distinguish leaders from followers, and effective from ineffective leaders -for some traits, it is not cleat what comes first:being in a leadership position or posessing the trait in question
Managers can often learn new things about themselves by listening to the perceptions that their subordinates hold of them.
true
The owner of a tire company is in the process of choosing a spokesperson. She wants to choose someone that will have high credibility. Her BEST option for a spokesperson would be ________.
successful race car driver
Position power
the amount of formal authority a leader has -a situation is more favorable for leading when position power is high
Leadership
the exercise of influence by one member of a group or organization over other members to help the group or organization achieve its goals
Task structure
the extent to which the work to be performed by a group is clearly defined -extent to which the work a group performs is clearly defined and understand -high - when a group has specific goals that need to be accomplished, and every group member knows how to go about achieving these goals
A college professor was very excited to have a specific guest visiting his class. When he introduced the guest to the class, he momentarily forgot that the students were not experts in the field of study. Consequently, he used several different acronyms to describe the guests experiences. The students did not understand these acronyms. As a result, ________.
the jargon prevented effective communication
Leader member relations
the relationships between a leader and his or her followers
Fiedler's Contingency theory of leadership
the theory that leader effectiveness is determined by both the personal characteristics of leaders and by the situations in which leaders find themselves -why will one leader be more effective than another even though they both have equally good personal credentials -why might a specific leader be effective in one particular situation but not in another
Trust
the willingness of one person or group to have faith or confidence in the goodwill of another person, even though this puts them at risk
Legal risks and productivity losses have led more organizations to monitor their employees' Internet activities and email messages.
true
