Chapter 5: The 13 Colonies
What are the 13 colonies?
1. Virginia 6. New York 11. North Carolina 2. Massachusetts 7. New Jersey 12. South Carolina 3. Rhode Island 8. Pennsylvania 13.Georgia 4. Connecticut 9. Delaware 5. New Hampshire 10. Maryland
What year did the pilgrims set off on the Mayflower?
1620
What happened in 1588?
A small fleet of English ships defeated the large Spanish Armada
What was the name of the major port city in Maryland
Baltimore
What was the capital of Massachusetts?
Boston
What was the name of the Portuguese colony?
Brazil
What was the name of the colony granted by King Charles II to English noblemen who wanted to make money off of tobacco?
Carolina(Latin for Charles)
What did King Charles II do to help his brother with the very large New York?
Charles II split New York in half so there were two colonies.
What was the House of Burgesses made of?
Colonial representatives and a governor.
What was the name of this colony called?
Delaware
Who was New Hampshire ruled by?
England
Why was Roanoke island unsuccessful?
England tried 3 times, but once the third ship came in to join the settlement, they found it to be abandoned. The only clue left behind was a mark on tree saying CROATOAN no one knew whether that was written by the people there. They assume that natives killed them.
True/False: Roanoke Island was successful
False
True/False: King Charles II did not want to have people try again to go to the new world.
False; King Charles II was the one who gained back the people's interest in going back to America after the Puritans were seized and Charles II took control.
True/False: There were no colonies that were landlocked.
False; Pennsylvania is the only landlocked colony
True/False: Squanto could not speak English.
False; Squanto was once taken by the men of Jamestown to be a slave, but Squanto learned some English and later escaped back to America.
True/False: The Puritans were more liberal of their religious ways.
False; The Puritans were actually very strict when it came to religion.
True/False: The Dutch and Swedish would not give up their colonies
False; When England showed up, the Dutch and Swedish were intimidated and easily gave up their colonies with no fight.
True/False: As the colonies grew there was less tension between the Indians and the Englishmen.
False; the bigger the colonies grew the more angered the Indians were with the settlers.
What was the name of the government of Massachusetts?
General Court
What was the name of the colony Oglethorpe founded?
Georgia(after the king)
What troubles did the people of Jamestown meet shortly after their arrival?
Harsh environment, cold weather, disease, and hostile natives
Why did the king grant James Oglethorpe a charter?
He wanted to make money and protect the wealthier colonies from the Spanish.
Who was William Penn?
He was a wealthy Quaker who wanted to create his own colony so the Quakers could have religious freedom.
Who did Charles II send to have the Dutch and Swedish give up their colonies?
His brother; James the Duke of York
What was the name of the government that was set up in 1619?
House of Burgesses
What marked the beginning of royal rule in the colonies?
James I decided to replace the VCL governor with one of his own due to decreasing profits
Who wanted to found a colony in America and help the debtors?
James Oglethorpe
What was the name of the river that the group sailed on to find land?
James River
What was the name of the colony that the VCL established?
Jamestown
Who funded the voyage to America for the pilgrims?
John Carver
Who was the one who helped Jamestown in their times of trouble?
John Smith
Which ruler of England decides to try one more time after the fail of Roanoke island?
King James I
What was King James I idea?
King James I decided to save his money and encouraged English businessmen to fund the voyages and if they were successful, they got to keep their fortune
What was the name of the Catholic Lord who wanted to start a colony so Catholics could worship freely?
Lord Baltimore (George Calvert)
What was the name of the colony Lord Baltimore founded?
Maryland (land of Mary)
Who was Maine controlled by?
Massachusetts
What was Plymouth renamed to?
Massachusetts Bay (Massachusetts)
What was the name of the system of legal code to govern the pilgrim's settlement?
Mayflower Compact
What was the name of the French colony?
New France
What was the name of the other colony that was separated from New York?
New Jersey
Which colony gave Pennsylvania 3 counties so they could export goods?
New Jersey
What was the name of the Dutch colony?
New Netherlands
What were the names of the TWO Spanish colonies
New Spain and Peru
What was the name of the Swedish colony?
New Sweden
What did they name the colony?
New York
What were the names of the 2 colonies that split Carolina?
North Carolina South Carolina
Why was Carolina split?
North- contained Virginians who wanted cheap land South- wealthy immigrants who built large plantations and bought slaves to work on them.
What was the name of the Puritan leader who took control of England?
Oliver Cromwell
What does Pennsylvania mean?
Penn's woods. *Wood was what Pennsylvania was known for.
What was the name of the colony William Penn founded?
Pennsylvania (named after his father)
Who were debtors?
People who were imprisoned for failure to pay off debts or failed to pay taxes.
What was the name of the pilgrim's settlement?
Plymouth
Who saved John Smith twice from being killed and established positive relations between the Indians and the English?
Pocahontas
What was the name of Roger William's settlement?
Providence
What group did not like the Anglican Church because of its "Catholic influences"
Puritans
Were Quakers more liberal or conservative?
Quakers were very liberal. They let their people have many freedoms. (Ex. Women were allowed to vote and they were against slavery)
Which ruler of England decided to try again to colonize in America?
Queen Elizabeth I
What was the name of colony as Providence grew?
Rhode Island
What was the first initial English colony in America?
Roanoke Island
Who led a group of Puritans out of Massachusetts and made his own colony?
Roger Williams
Who led the small fleet of English ships?
Sir Francis Drake
Why did the Puritans want to go to America?
So they could start fresh and establish their own church without outside influence.
In the 1500s which 5 countries had already begun to colonize in America
Spain, France, Portugal, Dutch, and Sweden
What was the name of the Indian who helped the pilgrims through their troubles and taught them the things they needed to know to survive?
Squanto
What angered many of the colonists in Massachusetts?
Strict rules and church control
Why couldn't England unify the countries?
The Dutch and Swedish colonies were in between England's colonies.
Where did the Puritans flee to because of its religious tolerance?
The Netherlands
How did Portugal get its colony?
The Pope divided Peru so that Spain ands Portugal could both have land because he did not want them to fight because during this time was the Reformation
What was happening over in England that made them take a break?
The Puritans were taking control and tried to purify all of England.
What happened as a result of this defeat of the Spanish for England?
The Spanish dominance decreased as England's power began to increase.
What was most likely the reason the English won?
There was a big storm that made the large Spanish ships not easy to maneuver, while the tiny English ships were easy to move with the wind.
Why did the pilgrims decide to settle in area not by Virginia?
They were blown off course and needed to stop because their rations of food and beer were getting low.
What was the name of the man who separated from Massachusetts and formed a colony name Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
What was the Great Migration?
Thousands of Puritans sailed to Plymouth to find religious freedom and to seek fortune. The year that this happened was in 1630.
What happened in 1621?
To thank the Indians for their help surviving through the harsh conditions, the Pilgrims decided to have a huge feast for them. This day was called Thanksgiving.
What was most of the colonies cash crop?
Tobacco
True/False: James could not handle New York because it was too big.
True
True/False: King Charles I was beheaded because of the Puritans
True
True/False: King Charles II left his brother in charge to rule New York.
True
True/False: King Charles II wanted to unify the colonies.
True
True/False: The Mayflower compact was the first system of self rule in America.
True
True/False: Pennsylvania let the 3 colonies be independent.
True; they let them be independent as long as they could still export goods
What was the name of the region around Jamestown?
Virginia
What was the name of the business group that formed to try and settle in America?
Virginia Company of London(VCL)
What is an indentured servant?
people who couldn't afford the journey to America but agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America
What was another name for a Puritan?
pilgrim *someone who makes a pilgrimage or religious journey
What happened to the relation of the Indians and the English when populations increased?
the positive relation went down and a tension increased
What was the main cash crop that grew in Jamestown?
tobacco