Chapter 5

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

What is amplitude?

Height of a wave

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.

Müller-Lyer

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

a subliminal message

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives.

binocular

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?

binocular disparity

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on―a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry."

bottom-up

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

________-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds, while ________-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds.

high; low

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

nociception

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

signal detection

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person.

somatosensation

Which of the following exemplifies gustation?

tasting freshly caught salmon

Due to his sense of ________, Abraham knows he is cold when he is outside during a blizzard, and he knows he is hot after he comes inside and eats soup by the fire.

thermoception

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content