Chapter 51: Assessment and Management of Patients with Diabetes (1)

A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate? pg. 1492

Albumin

A client with long-standing type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with unstable angina pectoris. After the client's condition stabilizes, the nurse evaluates the diabetes management regimen. The nurse learns that the client sees the physician every 4 weeks, injects insulin after breakfast and dinner, and measures blood glucose before breakfast and at bedtime. Consequently, the nurse should formulate a nursing diagnosis of: pg. 1469

Deficient knowledge (treatment regimen).

A nurse is preparing a client with type 1 diabetes for discharge. The client can care for himself; however, he's had a problem with unstable blood glucose levels in the past. Based on the client's history, he should be referred to which health care worker? pg. 1497

Dietitian

Which may be a potential cause of hypoglycemia in the client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus? pg. 1497-1498

The client has not eaten but continues to take insulin or oral antidiabetic medications.

A male client, aged 42 years, is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He visits the gym regularly and is a vegetarian. Which of the following factors is important when assessing the client? pg. 1462

The client's consumption of carbohydrates

The pancreas continues to release a small amount of basal insulin overnight, while a person is sleeping. The nurse knows that if the body needs more sugar: pg. 1457

The pancreatic hormone glucagon will stimulate the liver to release stored glucose.

The nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin and about mixing regular and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. Which information is important to include in the teaching plan? pg. 1478

When mixing insulin, the regular insulin is drawn up into the syringe first.

A client tells the nurse that she has been working hard for the past 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check: pg. 1467

glycosylated hemoglobin level.

A group of students are reviewing the various types of drugs that are used to treat diabetes mellitus. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor? pg. 1474

Miglitol

A client with type 1 diabetes has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse is most accurate in stating: pg. 1467

"It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."

A client is admitted with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect in this client? pg. 1486

Blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dl

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient who is suspected of having type 2 diabetes. Select all the clinical manifestations that the nurse knows could be consistent with this diagnosis. pg. 1459

- Wounds that heal slowly or respond poorly to treatment - Fatigue and irritability - Polyuria and polydipsia - Blurred or deteriorating vision

An agitated, confused client arrives in the emergency department. The client's history includes type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting: pg. 1482

10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.

The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of action, how long before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection? pg. 1468

10 to 15 minutes

A patient who is 6 months' pregnant was evaluated for gestational diabetes mellitus. The doctor considered prescribing insulin based on the serum glucose result of: pg. 1460

138 mg/dL, 2 hours postprandial.

A health care provider prescribes short-acting insulin for a patient, instructing the patient to take the insulin 20 to 30 minutes before a meal. The nurse explains to the patient that Humulin-R taken at 6:30 AM will reach peak effectiveness by: pg. 1468

8:30 AM.

A 60-year-old client comes to the ED reporting weakness, vision problems, increased thirst, increased urination, and frequent infections that do not seem to heal easily. The physician suspects that the client has diabetes. Which classic symptom should the nurse watch for to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes? pg. 1460

Increased hunger

A patient has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the nurse is assisting with the development of a meal plan. What step should be taken into consideration prior to making the meal plan? pg. 1461-1462

Reviewing the patient's diet history to identify eating habits and lifestyle and cultural eating patterns

A client with status asthmaticus requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four hours after intubation, the client is started on the insulin infusion protocol. The nurse must monitor the client's blood glucose levels hourly and watch for which early signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia? pg. 1482

Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia

A client with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic agent. The nurse explains that these medications are effective only if the client: pg. 1458

has type 2 diabetes.