Chapter 6

According to the job characteristics model, what characteristic most directly contributes to the psychological state of responsibility?

Autonomy

According to the job characteristics model, which of the following contributes directly to a feeling of increased responsibility?

Autonomy

Which of the following is an individual reward?

Commission

Select all that apply Which of the following would be considered job status-based rewards?

Company car Larger office

Which rewards system motivates employees to learn new skills?

Competency-based

Which of the following is the BEST description of scientific management?

Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them

Which of the following allows employees to buy shares of stock in the company either at a discounted price or through a no-interest loan provided by the company?

Employee stock ownership plan

Companies should seek to improve the pay-performance linkage by utilizing subjective performance measures in reward systems.

False

True or false: Employees always value monetary rewards over other forms of reward.

False

Which of the following reward plans focuses on achieving cost reductions and increasing labor efficiency?

Gainsharing

Select all that apply Which statements are true about self-leadership?

It can improve results in physical tests. It can help workers self-monitor safety practices. It produces good results across cultures.

Select all that apply Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Check all that apply.)

It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. It can result in absenteeism and turnover. It may have a negative effect on worker motivation.

Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states which then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness?

Job characteristics model

What type of reward system uses job evaluation?

Job status-based rewards

Which of the following rewards represents the largest portion of most individuals' paychecks?

Membership/seniority-based rewards

Which of the following elements are included in the concept of self-leadership?

Mental imagery

______ is the process of mentally practicing a task and visualizing its successful completion.

Mental imagery

Which organizational-level reward plan has the advantage of automatically adjusting employee compensation with the firm's prosperity?

Profit-sharing plan

If a company wished to align rewards with performance that is within an employee's control, which of the following rewards would be most appropriate?

Rewarding factory employees for meeting production output standards

______ is the practice of intentionally influencing your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to achieve your objectives.

Self-leadership

Your professor has provided several practice assignments to help you prepare for the final exam. These assignments provide you with immediate feedback on your mastery of the concepts and enables which element of self-leadership?

Self-monitoring

Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects the organization and/or society?

Task significance

True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality.

True

True or false: Self-leadership is dependent on both the individual and the situation.

True

Select all that apply Which of the following are organizational and work-context factors that influence psychological empowerment?

Trusting employees and be willing to take the risks that empowerment creates Providing easy access to needed information and resources Establishing a learning orientation culture

According to the job characteristics model, a college professor who is required to use a certain textbook and follow a prescribed syllabus and must administer a mandatory number of tests would likely have low Blank______.

autonomy

The job characteristics model identifies five core job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, job feedback, and

autonomy

An individual reward system in which employees earn compensation based upon sales volume is referred to as Blank______.

commission

The four dimensions of empowerment are self-determination, meaning, impact, and Blank______.

competence

Tyler works for a financial services firm as a customer service representative. When he earned his certification in customer service, he earned a raise. He went on to achieve his FLMI designation and received another raise. This is an example of a ______ rewards system.

competency-based

Several studies have suggested that Blank______ improve individual performance in sports-related activities.

constructive thought patterns

The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job Blank______.

design

Alexis works as a receptionist at a large dental practice. She schedules patient appointments, makes reminder calls, and sends out cards reminding patients to schedule checkups. Her job has been redesigned so that she also enters payments in the accounting system. This is an example of job Blank______.

enlargement

The practice of adding tasks to an existing job is known as job Blank______.

enlargement

Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job Blank______.

enrichment

Job Blank______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work.

enrichment

Employee-of-the-Month winners at Davenport Properties can choose from a set of rewards, including a cash bonus, paid time-off, or a gift certificate at a local restaurant. This improves reward effectiveness by Blank______.

ensuring the rewards are valued

The approach to job enrichment that puts employees in direct contact with customers instead of using supervisors as a go-between is known as Blank______.

establishing client relationships

Job Blank______ involves systematically rating the worth of jobs within an organization by measuring the skills, effort, responsibility and working conditions of the jobs.

evaluation

Research suggests that self-leadership behaviors are more frequently found in people with higher levels of conscientiousness and Blank______.

extroversion

According to the job characteristics model, there are Blank______ core job characteristics that affect critical psychological states which in turn influence work outcomes.

five

A reward system that calculates bonuses from the work unit's cost savings and productivity improvement is known as a(n) Blank______ plan.

gainsharing

Hoffman Company offers warehouse workers a $.25 increase in their hourly wage the following month if they exceed production criteria by 10% or more. This is an example of a(n) _____________ plan.

gainsharing , gainshare, gain sharing, or gainsharing plan

People in countries that have Blank______ tend to have high levels of respect and priority for money.

high power distance

Team rewards are better than individual rewards when employees work in highly ____________ jobs.

interdependent

A(n) _______ is a set of tasks performed by one person.

job

Select all that apply Team-based rewards are most appropriate when Blank______.

jobs are highly interdependent job results rely on the cooperative effort of multiple people

One of the disadvantages of membership and seniority-based rewards is that they Blank______.

may weaken job performance by generating continuance rather than affective commitment

According to a number of studies, men and women view the meaning of money differently in that ______.

men view money as a symbol of status

Before making an important presentation to the Board of Directors, Philippe visualizes himself stepping smoothly through his speech and effectively answering the Board's questions. This is an example of Blank______.

mental imagery

Rather than have several workers each perform a separate part of a whole job, Jackson Management has redesigned jobs so that each worker performs the entire job. This approach to job enrichment is called Blank______.

natural grouping

The first step in self-leadership is Blank______.

personal goal setting

Many agricultural workers are paid based on how many buckets or bags they pick of whatever crop they harvest. This is known as a Blank______ system.

piece rate

An organizational reward plan in which employees of a company receive a portion of the company's profits as determined by an agreed-upon formula is known as a(n) Blank______ plan.

profit-sharing

The type of organizational-level reward in which employees receive a percentage of the organization's previous year's profits is called a

profit-sharing plan

One of the limitations of ESOPs, profit-sharing plans and stock options is that they Blank______.

provide a weak link between individual effort and company and/or stock performance

A perceptual and emotional state in which people experience more self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact regarding their role in the organization is known as

psychological empowerment

Most job evaluation methods use three criteria to determine the "worth" of a job within the organization: the skill/effort required, working conditions, and level of

responsibility, responsibilities, or responsibilty

Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and then in Payroll in the third week. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job Blank______.

rotation

The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job Blank______.

rotation

Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as Blank______.

scientific management

Employees are much more likely to experience which element of empowerment when they are working in jobs with a high degree of autonomy and minimal bureaucratic control?

self-determination

The process of influencing yourself to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform a task is referred to as Blank______.

self-leadership

The process of keeping track of your progress towards a goal by using naturally occurring feedback is known as Blank______.

self-monitoring

After studying for her final exam all afternoon, Kate decided to reward herself by going out for some frozen yogurt. This instance is an example of Blank______.

self-reinforcement

You hate to balance your checkbook every month, so you decide that you'll spend some time playing your favorite online game when you're done. This instance is an example of Blank______.

self-reinforcement

Select all that apply The elements of self-leadership include the processes of Blank______.

self-reinforcement personal goal setting self-monitoring

Before she starts the cumulative final exam in her organizational behavior course, Rachel tells herself, "You're ready. You know this stuff. You can ace this test." This is an example of Blank______.

self-talk

To shore up her confidence before an important presentation, Janeen tells herself, "You know more about this subject than anyone else in the room. Get out there and prove it." This is an example of Blank______.

self-talk

What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of Blank______.

skill variety

At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job Blank______.

specialization

The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job Blank______.

specialization

As part of his compensation package, Jack has been awarded the opportunity to purchase up to 200 shares of stock in his company for $17.50 per share, but he must complete this purchase by the end of 2014. This is an example of a(n) Blank______ plan.

stock option

Tasha works at a start-up company, and there are few written procedures that guide the completion of her job. As a result, she often has to rely on her own judgment rather than written guidelines to decide how to complete her work. Based on this description, it would appear that Tasha has a job with low Blank______.

task analyzability

According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as Blank______.

task identity

Closely related to the core job characteristic of skill variety is Blank______, the predictability or pattern of job duties from one day to the next.

task variability

The job design model that relates the motivational properties of jobs to specific personal and organizational consequences of those properties is known as Blank______.

the job characteristics model