Chapter 6

34. Which item below is an example of cultural relativism? A. It's incomprehensible that people in some countries eat dog meat. B. Women in the hottest countries in the world shouldn't be forced to dress head-to-toe in black. C. The custom of bowing in Japan rather than shaking hands or embracing might help prevent the spread of infectious disease. D. The custom of Zulu men having multiple wives is troublesome and wrong.

C

32. Chapter 6 cites which following trend related to Hispanic people in the United States during this century? A. The percentage of Hispanic people is projected to rise to 30% by 2050. B. American laws will increasingly encourage Hispanic people to vote in federal elections. C. The size of Hispanic families will grow smaller. D. Hispanic people will increasingly convert to Protestantism.

A

33. The tendency to think that one's own culture is the best is called __________. A. ethnocentrism. B. code sensitivity. C. xenophobia. D. prejudice.

A

37. Despite being a majority, which of the following group still experiences prejudice? A. Women B. Hispanics C. African Americans D. Native Americans

A

41. A Filipino professor reports that he does not feel comfortable working in Japan. He believes it is because of his distinct racial/ethnic makeup. It's possible that he is correct because Japan is considered to be a(n) __________ culture. A. uncertainty-rejecting B. collectivist C. implicit-rule D. explicit-rule

A

43. Which nation is most likely to have an explicit-rule culture? A. Canada B. Mexico C. Brazil D. Iran

A

40. Which kind of culture below is most likely to be uncertainty-accepting? A. One led by royalty B. One led by an elected leader C. One led by a military junta D. One led by a dictator

B

42. You find yourself in a culture where everyone knows where to stand, where to sit, and who starts eating first. Most likely you are in a(n) __________ culture. A. Northern European B. implicit-rule C. acceptance-rejecting D. Asian American

B

3. Greek, Jewish, and Irish people are generally considered m embers of ethnic groups.

TRUE

4. Although some people think of Asian people as one ethnic group, Asians are actually highly diverse, and distinct differences exist between, for example, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese people.

TRUE

6. Both technology and improved transportation are factors that allow people to interact with people from cultures that are different from their own.

TRUE

7. Businesses have become increasingly global.

TRUE

Looked at scientifically, the concept of race is vague, as are the dividing lines between what we think of as racial categories.

TRUE

23. Race is a concept that that refers to A. biological features. B. cultural characteristics. C. language-based groups. D. scientifically based categories.

A

24. Which item below is NOT a feature of ethnicity? A. Hair color and texture B. Meeting and greeting practices C. Food choices D. Religious practices

A

44. All descriptions below are characteristic of M-time cultures EXCEPT A. people tend to be heavily scheduled, with times allotted for many different activities. B. people tend to arrive at appointments, classes, or events on time. C. people tend to allow a chance meeting with a friend to delay an on-time arrival. D. people tend toward the belief that time can be wasted and saved.

C

47. Which characteristic of collectivist cultures below is FALSE? A. "Saving face" is an important issue. B. Cultural rules are set and largely unquestioned. C. People tend to reject hierarchy and value flexibility. D. People tend to embrace written rules, regulations, and rituals.

C

22. According to the chapter on intercultural communication, culture includes all of the following features EXCEPT A. language. B. religion. C. food. D. intelligence.

D

28. The 2010 census form made significant changes in its approach to defining race and ethnicity. However, it did NOT A. allow people to check more than one box to identify their race. B. create a separate category for people of Hispanic origins. C. allow people to identify themselves as belonging to races other than those listed on the form. D. eliminate the concept of race altogether.

D

30. According to the information presented in Chapter 6, which statement about women in the United States is INACCURATE? A. Women earn more high school diplomas, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees than men. B. Entry-level pay is about the same for men and women, but women fall behind by age 30. C. College-educated women peak at age 39 with a salary of around $60,000. D. Women often fall behind in earnings because they lack strong math skills.

D

45. In what region listed below are you most likely to find M-time culture? A. The Middle East B. Central America C. Rural tropical Africa D. Scandinavia

D

13. On the current U.S. Census form, the category Hispanic is classified as a race.

FALSE

16. Salaries for both men and women tend to peak when they are in their 30s.

FALSE

11. You recently traveled to Jamaica and were delighted with how open and talkative the Jamaican people were. These are features of an M-time culture.

FALSE

17. Everyone likes a compliment, so you can expect that people who are described with a positive stereotype (for example, "women are such good listeners") will be flattered.

FALSE

20. Good advice for improving your intercultural communication is to avoid conflict at all costs.

FALSE

60. __________ occurs when you reject a person because he or she belongs to a particular group.

Prejudice

52. __________ refers to groups of people who can be distinguished by inherited biological features, including the texture of one's hair, one's skin color, and one's facial features.

Race

1. Ethnicity refers to cultural features that distinguish groups of people from each other

TRUE

19. You learn that a classmate is a refugee from South Sudan. He is very tall, has very dark skin, and has many mannerisms that you do not understand. You are curious about him, but you feel nervous about how to approach him or what to say. One good strategy would be to examine your own attitudes and discomforts.

TRUE

27. Which group does NOT constitute a co-cultural group in the United States? A. Women B. Gay men and lesbian women C. White men D. Hispanic people

c

An anthropologist from New York City who goes to do research in an isolated village in the Amazon attempts an attitude of __________, even though she sees the villagers behaving in ways that make her uncomfortable.

cultural relativism

64. A key aspect of the definition of __________ is that it is transmitted through learning.

culture

54. Mark is a white European American who is also heterosexual. Indeed, Mark can trace his great-great-grandparents back to England. Mark is most likely a member of the __________.

dominant culture

The term __________ refers to people who share common cultural elements.

ethnic group

56. If you believe that your culture or group is better than all other cultures, you are said to be __________.

ethnocentric

65. A parent who negotiates with a child about privileges and responsibilities is likely to be part of a(n) __________ culture.

explicit-rule

67. A(n) __________ is one in which cultural rules are embedded in tradition and followed faithfully.

implicit-rule culture

70. Even though you may have a difficult or uncomfortable exchange with a person whose culture differs from your own, you may learn something that you can carry forward into your next exchange. By doing so, you are demonstrating __________.

reflexivity

66. When we generalize from one member of a group to all members of that group, we are engaged in __________.

stereotyping

Cultures that tend not to be democracies, have many rules regarding behavior, and are wary of outsiders are known as __________.

uncertainty-rejecting cultures

5. Johnny is a black woman from southern Alabama. In Alabama, she is a member of the dominant culture.

FALSE

10. You join an organization on campus. You learn that the members have many traditions, rituals, and events that can be dated back to the origin of the group. This sounds like is an implicit-rule culture.

TRUE

29. Which item below is FALSE about why women are regarded as a co-culture in the United States? A. They outnumber men. B. They earn less than men even in the same jobs. C. They are relatively rare in leadership positions in business and industry. D. They are relatively rare in leadership positions in state and national government.

A

If you are part of a(n) __________, you may find yourself subject to unequal treatment in some settings.

co-cultural group

51. Communication between people of different cultural backgrounds is known as __________.

intercultural communication

68. Cultures that place "I" before "we" and value competition rather than cooperation are known as __________.

individualistic cultures

31. According to Chapter 5, unlike the United States, India, Pakistan, and Brazil A. have all elected a woman as head of state. B. have all passed laws requiring pay equity for women. C. have all denied women the right to vote in national elections. D. restrict a woman's right to marry without her parents' consent.

A

35. What does Chapter 6 suggest as a response when one is being stereotyped? A. Respectfully confronting the speaker B. Aggressively rebutting the speaker C. Turning the other cheek D. Avoiding the speaker in the future

A

39. "The nail that sticks up gets hit by the hammer" is an expression in a(n) __________ culture. A. collectivist B. Muslim C. Christian D. individualist

A

48. In which countries listed below do people go to great lengths to avoid insulting another person? A. South and Central America B. Great Britain and Australia C. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark D. United States and Canada

A

50. Reflexivity is a concept in intercultural communication that means A. learning from interactions with the intent of improving future interactions. B. being flexible in approaching cultures about which you know little or nothing. C. being able to switch from very proper English to the language of the street. D. being multilingual and able to easily switch from one language to the other.

A

25. To say someone is Polish is to identify his or her A. race. B. ethnicity. C. geographical location. D. language.

B

26. In the United States, which group is considered the dominant culture? A. Women, because they outnumber men B. Educated, employed white males, because they hold most of the power and wealth C. Hispanics, because they are the fastest-growing group D. African Americans, because they helped build this country

B

36. According to Chapter 6 the word prejudice means A. the tendency to generalize all individuals in a group from the characteristics of a few. B. a negative attitude toward a group of people just because they belong to that group. C. the belief that your own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. D. a hatred directed at a group about which the hater knows very little.

B

38. Nations high in individualism tend to feature all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A. higher rates of divorce. B. celebration of cooperation over competition. C. celebration of personal accomplishment. D. limited loyalty to employers.

B

46. According to Chapter 6, which statement below about M-time and P-time cultures is INACCURATE? A. People in M-time cultures prefer to conduct business in private places, while those in P-time cultures prefer public places. B. Because China tends toward P-time and because both Singapore and Hong Kong are Chinese city-states, the latter two places are P-time cultures. C. Currently the world has more P-time than M-time cultures. D. A person from an M-time culture may feel uncomfortable in a P-time culture because events do not start on time and people are comfortable showing up late.

B

15. One racial category listed on the latest U.S. Census form is "Black, African Am., or Negro."

TRUE

18. Stereotyping and prejudice often result from ignorance and lack of experience interacting with the group one views as odd, inferior, or frightening.

TRUE

2. A distinctive pattern of learned traditions and customs that is transmitted among people and that affects beliefs and behaviors of a group is known as a culture.

TRUE

63. You will find that your understanding of __________ is increasingly important because of increased transnational business, international conflict, and the increasing numbers of immigrants and refugees in your environment.

intercultural communication

8. Because the world is made up of such a diversity of cultures and ethnic groups, it is rare for someone to believe that her or his own culture could be superior to that of all other groups.

FALSE

9. People in Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia are tolerant of ambiguity and diversity, which is consistent with their uncertainty-accepting cultures.

FALSE

21. One way to improve your intercultural and co-cultural communication is to practice supportive communication behaviors.

TRUE

49. Which of the following is NOT an example of code sensitivity? A. When visiting with a group of Native Americans, you notice that silence is valued over talk. B. When talking to someone who does not know your language well, you avoid jokes, sarcasm, and irony because you know they are difficult to understand in another language. C. When talking to someone from China, you point out to him that you have trouble understanding his words because he has difficulty pronouncing the English letter T. D. When talking to someone who is not a native speaker of your language, you avoid colloquial expressions like "what's up"? that you do not literally mean.

C

69. In places where relationships and spontaneous encounters sometimes interfere with schedules and appointments, people are exhibiting a(n) __________ orientation.

P-time

14. Among other factors, improvements in transportation and changes in immigration patterns mean that you are likely to have people from different cultures and ethnic groups in the classes you take in college.

TRUE

61. "Little Egypt," a neighborhood in New York City, is highly populated by Egyptian Americans. If you go to visit, you practice __________ if you observe and adapt to the verbal and nonverbal cues of the shopkeepers and restaurant owners.

code sensitivity

You have a classmate from Vietnam who has strong ties to his family and country. When he makes decisions, he considers how it will affect the way others see Vietnamese people. These reflect the values of a(n) __________ culture

collectivist