Chapter 6

Which information should the nurse include in car seat safety instructions for the parents of a 2-year-old child? 1) The child should be placed in a forward-facing car seat. 2) The child should be placed in a rear-facing car seat. 3) The child may be able to use a booster seat. 4) The child may be able to use a seat belt.

1 1 A forward-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 1 to 3 years of age. 2 A rear-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 12 months of age or younger. 3 A booster seat is appropriate for a child who is 4 to 7 years of age. 4 A seat belt may be appropriate for a child who is 8 to 12 years of age.

The nurse reviews a patient's L/S ratio and sees the results are 4:1. How is this finding interpreted? 1) Mature fetal lungs 2) Immature fetal lungs 3) Inconclusive 4) Fetal demise

1 1 An L/S ratio greater than 2:1 indicates mature fetal lungs. 2 An L/S ratio less than 2:1 indicates immature fetal lungs, but that is not the case in this situation. 3 The L/S ratio is not inconclusive but points to specific findings. 4 There is no indication of fetal demise in this L/S ratio.

Which child is at greatest risk for drowning if left alone in the tub? 1) Infant 2) Toddler 3) Preschooler 4) School-aged child

1 1 An infant is at the greatest risk for drowning. 2 Although a toddler is at risk for drowning, the infant has a greater risk. 3 Although a preschooler is at risk for drowning, the infant has a greater risk. 4 Although the school-aged child is at risk for drowning, the infant has a greater risk.

The nurse is teaching a pregnant adolescent about maintaining a healthy diet. Which statement by the patient indicates further teaching is needed? 1) "I'll drink only diet soda until after I have the baby." 2) "I will increase my calcium intake by eating more yogurt." 3) "I will order a salad when I go to a fast-food place with my friends." 4) "I will take a calcium supplement every day until I deliver."

1 1 Drinking diet soda should be discouraged because chemicals used for sweeteners can be hazardous to the fetus; this statement indicates the need for further teaching. 2 Increasing calcium intake is particularly important in the adolescent, whose bones are still growing, so this is an accurate statement. 3 This statement reflects healthy nutritional choices and should be encouraged. 4 Adolescents need more calcium than the average pregnant patient because their bones are still growing, so this is an accurate statement reflecting a healthy choice.

Which characteristic of abusers should the nurse include in a teaching session on child abuse for elementary school teachers? 1) History of alcoholism 2) Having many friends and families nearby 3) Having realistic expectations for the child 4) A stranger to the child

1 1 Drug addiction and alcoholism are common findings in the abuser. 2 The child abuser is often socially isolated. 3 Abusive parents often have unrealistic expectations for the child and use these expectations as justification for the abuse. 4 Most abusers are parents or people who have contact with the child on a regular basis.

A parent is concerned about her 8-year-old child's recent behavior and calls the nurse for advice. According to the parent, her child is constantly crying, is not sleeping well, has withdrawn from activities, and does not want to attend school. Which should the nurse explore in more detail with the parent? 1) Bullying 2) Sexual abuse 3) Lead poisoning 4) Drug abuse

1 1 Physical complaints, suicidal thoughts, and other problems can result from bullying. 2 Sexual abuse should be suspected if the child is experiencing vaginal discharge or excessive sexual curiosity for her age. 3 Lead poisoning can lead to physical symptoms, including neurological deficits, but does not include the signs of emotional distress that the child is exhibiting. 4 Drug abuse is more likely to occur in an adolescent than in a child of this age.

Which precaution should the nurse include in a kitchen safety checklist to decrease the risk for home injury to a pediatric patient? 1) Placing pots and pans on the rear burner 2) Placing cosmetics out of the child's reach 3) Placing emergency numbers for poison control by the phone 4) Placing dangerous items out of reach when playing hide-and-seek

1 1 Pots and pans should be placed on a rear burner with the handles turned inward to prevent accidental burns in the kitchen. 2 Placing cosmetics out of reach is an appropriate action for bathroom safety. 3 Placing emergency numbers for poison control is an appropriate action for a telephone safety checklist. 4 Placing dangerous items out of reach of children who are playing hide-and-seek is an appropriate action for closet safety.

Which statement by a laboring patient informs the nurse that the couple is using the Bradley method? 1) "No matter how severe the pain becomes, I do not want to take anything to control it." 2) "I have learned all of the breathing exercises to help me control pain." 3) "I have been practicing my relaxation techniques to help me manage the pain." 4) "If the pain becomes more than I can handle, I will let you know and will request medication."

1 1 The Bradley method discourages use of pain medications, so this statement differentiates it from Lamaze, which helps with pain control but does not promote medication-free labor. 2 The Bradley method does not emphasize breathing but focuses on relaxation, so this indicates the Lamaze method was studied. 3 Both Lamaze and Bradley methods teach relaxation techniques, so this does not emphasize the Bradley method exclusively. 4 Because the Bradley method discourages use of pain medication, this statement indicates another method is being used.

The home health nurse is talking with a parent outside the bathroom door while the toddlers are playing in the tub. Which parental statement requires further safety teaching? 1) "Why don't we talk in the living room?" 2) "Let me get the children out of the tub so we can talk." 3) "I do not like to leave the children alone in the bathroom." 4) "I often bathe the children together."

1 1 Toddlers are at risk for drowning, even in small amounts of water. The nurse should teach the parent that it is never appropriate to leave toddlers unsupervised in the tub. 2 Taking the children out of the tub and not wanting to leave toddlers alone in the bathroom demonstrate an awareness of risk. 3 Taking the children out of the tub and not wanting to leave toddlers alone in the bathroom demonstrate an awareness of risk. 4 There is no risk with bathing the children together.

While reviewing a new patient's medical record prior to her arrival at the clinic, the nurse sees the patient is classified as an AMA and interprets this to mean what? 1) Advanced medical age 2) Against medical advice 3) Always making assumptions 4) Acute myeloid leukemia

1 1 When a pregnant patient is classified as AMA, it means she has advanced medical age, generally indicating the woman is over the age of 35. 2 In this context, AMA does not mean "against medical advice." 3 In this context, AMA does not mean "always making assumptions." 4 In this context, AMA does not mean "acute myeloid leukemia."

The nurse provides nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman diagnosed with anemia. The woman demonstrates understanding of the dietary changes needed when choosing to increase which foods in her diet? (Select all that apply.) 1) Chicken 2) Spinach 3) Dried apricots 4) Tofu 5) Milk

1,2,3 1. Chicken is high in iron and is a good choice. 2. Spinach is high in iron and is a good choice. 3. Dried fruit, such as apricots, is a good choice. 4. Tofu is high in protein, but it is not high in iron and is not a good choice. 5. Milk is high in calcium and vitamin D but is not high in iron and is not a good choice.

The nurse is caring for a woman who had a pre-pregnancy BMI of 22.3 and has gained 53 lb. Which assessments are most important for this patient? (Select all that apply.) 1) Serum glucose 2) Blood pressure 3) Urine glucose 4) Premature rupture of membranes 5) Fetal anomalies

1,2,3 1. This woman has gained almost double what she should for her BMI, causing increased risk of gestational diabetes; her serum glucose levels should be carefully followed. 2. As a result of excessive weight gain, this woman is at increased risk for pregnancy-associated hypertension and should have her blood pressure carefully followed. 3. Excessive weight gain puts this woman at increased risk of gestational diabetes; this will result in glucose spillage into the urine, which should be monitored. 4. Excessive weight gain and obesity are not associated with premature rupture of the membranes. 5. Excessive weight gain is not associated with fetal anomalies.

Which information from the Slop! Slop! Slop! Campaign should the nurse include in a teaching plan to reduce sun exposure? (Select all that apply.) 1) Use sunglasses to protect the eyes. 2) Apply sunscreen with an SPF of 50. 3) Wear a shirt when outside. 4) Cover the head with a hat. 5) Encourage outdoor activities before 10 a.m.

1,3,4,5 1. This is correct. The use of sunglasses to protect the eyes is included in the campaign. 2. This is incorrect. Sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, not 50, is included in the campaign. 3. This is correct. Wearing a shirt when outside or when swimming is included in the campaign. 4. This is correct. Covering the head with a hat is included in the campaign. 5. This is correct. Encouraging outdoor activities before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m. is included in the campaign.

Which information should the nurse include when teaching the parents of pediatric patients methods for decreasing sun exposure? (Select all that apply.) 1) Keep infants out of direct sunlight. 2) Play outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. 3) Apply a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. 4) Use an SPF of at least 50 for infants younger than 6 months. 5) Wear sunglasses to decrease eye exposure to the sun.

1,3,5 1. This is correct. Infants should be kept out of direct sunlight to decrease the risk of sun exposure and burns. 2. This is incorrect. Children should be encouraged to play outside before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m. to decrease sun exposure and the risk for burns. 3. This is correct. A sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 should be used to decrease sun exposure and burns. 4. This is incorrect. Infants who are 6 months or younger should not have sunscreen applied because of the risk for injury from absorption of chemicals through the skin. 5. This is correct. It is appropriate to protect the eyes from sun exposure through the use of wide-brimmed hats or sunglasses.

A pregnant adolescent asks the nurse, "Did I hurt the baby because I went to a party last night and had a few beers?" Which is the nurse's best response? 1) "Drinking alcohol can be very harmful to the fetus, but you won't know if harm was done until the baby is born." 2) "Alcohol is a drug, and all drugs have the potential to harm the baby, so they should be avoided throughout pregnancy." 3) "It is unlikely that drinking one time hurt the baby, but repeated intake of alcohol can have serious negative effects." 4) "Drinking alcohol at your age is illegal, and I am required to report this to the authorities because I'm a nurse."

2 1 Although this statement is technically true, it is not the best response to the patient's question because it does not alleviate her fears or encourage alcohol avoidance. 2 This statement is true, encourages better performance throughout pregnancy, and also introduces the idea that all drugs should be avoided; thus, it is the best response to the patient's question. 3 Although recent evidence shows this may be true, the nurse does not want to give the patient the impression that occasional alcohol intake is acceptable. 4 This statement will destroy the patient's trust in the nurse and is not true because the nurse has no legal requirement to report this.

The triage nurse receives a call from a woman who is 32 weeks pregnant and reports feeling no fetal movements in the last hour. What should the nurse advise? 1) See the doctor immediately for an ultrasound examination. 2) Eat and rest, then do another kick count for 1 hour. 3) Go to the emergency department immediately. 4) Get some sleep and try again tomorrow.

2 1 Because lack of fetal movement has existed for only an hour, other steps should be taken first before seeing the physician, who may or may not order an ultrasound. 2 The fetus has periods of rest in utero, so the woman should be advised to eat and rest and then do another kick count for 1 hour. 3 Because fetal movements have been lacking for only an hour, it is not necessary for the woman to rush to the emergency department. 4 Lack of fetal movements can be a serious problem, so the woman should not wait until tomorrow to do another kick count.

During a woman's routine prenatal visit, the nurse notices scratches on her arms and learns she has adopted a kitten. Which teaching should the nurse include during this visit? 1) Cytomegalovirus prevention 2) Toxoplasmosis prevention 3) Rubella prevention 4) Parvovirus prevention

2 1 Cytomegalovirus is not caused by contact with cats. 2 Toxoplasmosis can be spread through cat feces and is the appropriate teaching to include for this patient. 3 Rubella is not transmitted through contact with cats. 4 Parvovirus is spread through human contact, not from cats, so it is not the priority teaching for this woman.

When the nurse assesses a pregnant woman, which form of exercise previously enjoyed by the woman should be discouraged? 1) Running 2) Skiing 3) Swimming 4) Cycling

2 1 If the woman was a runner before pregnancy, it is safe for her to continue through pregnancy. 2 Skiing, gymnastics, and other sports that include a risk of falling should be discouraged during pregnancy. 3 Swimming is a safe exercise during pregnancy. 4 Cycling is a safe exercise during pregnancy.

The nurse is caring for a woman in the first trimester of pregnancy whose body mass index (BMI) is 16.5. Which nutritional counseling should the nurse provide? 1) Follow a healthy diet low in calories and fat. 2) Follow a healthy diet low in sodium and calories. 3) Follow a healthy diet high in protein and fat. 4) Follow a healthy diet with increased calories and calcium.

4 1 A woman with a BMI of 16.5 should not be told to reduce calories. 2 A diet low in sodium is wise for all healthy diets, but a woman with a BMI of 16.5 should not be told to reduce calories. 3 There is no reason to recommend a high-protein, high-fat diet for this patient. 4 A woman with a BMI of 16.5 needs to gain weight and should be encouraged to eat more calories, and all pregnant women should be encouraged to get adequate calcium.

A pregnant adolescent tells the nurse, "There is something wrong with me. I can't sit through a class without having to urinate." A physical examination reveals no urinary or renal problems. What is the nurse's priority of care? 1) Telling the patient to reduce fluid intake during the school day 2) Having the patient attend a pregnant adolescent group class 3) Encouraging the patient's mother to monitor her urine output 4) Telling the patient to have friends take notes in class while she urinates

2 1 It is important for this adolescent to remain hydrated, so this is dangerous advice. 2 Adolescents experience egocentric thinking, in which they consider their experiences unique; so encouraging this patient to attend a group class where discomforts of pregnancy can be shown as common should be the priority of care. 3 The adolescent is aiming for independence, so she should be made responsible for herself rather than using her parents whenever possible. 4 This does not address the issue of the patient thinking frequent urination is abnormal. Also, because the adolescent wants to fit in with peers, it is not a developmentally appropriate response.

Which precaution should the nurse include in a bathroom safety checklist to decrease the risk for home injury to a pediatric patient? 1) Placing pots and pans on the rear burner 2) Placing cosmetics out of the child's reach 3) Placing emergency numbers for poison control by the phone 4) Placing dangerous items out of reach when playing hide-and-seek

2 1 Pots and pans should be placed on a rear burner with the handles turned inward to prevent accidental burns in the kitchen. 2 Placing cosmetics out of reach is an appropriate action for bathroom safety. 3 Placing emergency numbers for poison control is an appropriate action for a telephone safety checklist. 4 Placing dangerous items out of reach of children who are playing hide-and-seek is an appropriate action for closet safety.

The nurse is conducting a home risk assessment for a family with a toddler and preschool-aged children. Which finding is considered a safety hazard for this family? 1) Safety plugs in electrical outlets 2) Medications on the kitchen counter 3) Lack of helmets next to the bicycles 4) Deadbolt locks on the doors

2 1 Safety plugs are appropriate for this age group. 2 The nurse will instruct the parents to keep medications out of the children's reach. Medication poisoning happens easily with young toddlers and preschool-aged children who think the medication is candy. 3 The lack of a helmet next to a bike does not mean there are no helmets in the house. This finding should cause the nurse to ask more questions but is not considered a definite safety risk. 4 Deadbolt locks are appropriate to keep toddlers from wandering out to the street.

Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan regarding Internet safety for an older school-aged child? (Select all that apply.) 1) Implement tracking software. 2) Use content blockers and filters. 3) Verify sites periodically to ensure content. 4) Encourage the use of Facebook to promote social ties with peers. 5) Ask the child to post on social media sites when away from home.

2,3,4 1. This is incorrect. Tracking software is appropriate for mobile devices for adolescents, not school-aged children. 2. This is correct. Content blockers and filters should be encouraged to enhance Internet safety. 3. This is correct. Parents should periodically verify sites their children use to ensure appropriate content. 4. This is correct. Parents should encourage the use of Facebook to promote social ties with peers, as long as appropriate education is provided to the child. 5. This is incorrect. Children should be discouraged from posting on social media sites when they are away from home or are home alone.

Which information should the nurse include in car seat safety instructions for the parents of a 5-year-old child? 1) The child should be placed in a forward-facing car seat. 2) The child should be placed in a rear-facing car seat. 3) The child may be able to use a booster seat. 4) The child may be able to use a seat belt.

3 1 A forward-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 1 to 3 years of age. 2 A rear-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 12 months of age or younger. 3 A booster seat is appropriate for a child who is 4 to 7 years of age. 4 A seat belt may be appropriate for a child who is 8 to 12 years of age.

Which information should the nurse include when assisting the parents of a school-aged patient in choosing a safe playground? 1) Choose a wooden play structure. 2) Find a slide in direct sunlight. 3) Ensure a lack of litter in the area. 4) Measure the incline of the slide to be 45 degrees.

3 1 A wooden play structure may have weather damage and splinters. 2 A playground with a slide that is not in direct contact with the sun is advisable to decrease the risk for burns. 3 A playground that lacks litter and animal excrement should be encouraged for safety reasons. 4 A slide with an incline of up to 30 degrees is considered safe.

Which request does the nurse not expect to find in a birth plan? 1) Preference to avoid induction 2) Preference for an epidural to manage pain 3) Preference to deliver in a birthing chair 4) Preference for a specific drug for induction

4 1 Women often include their preference on induction in the birth plan. 2 Pain management is something that should be included in the birth plan before labor begins so decisions can be made logically. 3 How the woman wants to deliver, whether in a birthing chair, bed, or squatting, should be included in the birth plan. 4 The specific drug used for induction will be determined by the physician on the basis of the woman's health history and condition and other factors and is not normally included in the birth plan.

The nursing instructor is educating a group of nursing students about sports-related injuries. Which comment by a student nurse indicates the need for further instruction? 1) "Patients who participate in sports, strenuous exercise, or athletics of any kind should be educated about the dangers of unreported head injuries." 2) "Adolescents are at greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries." 3) "Young adults are at greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries." 4) "Patients who have been injured playing a sport need to be counseled on the risks of unreported concussions."

3 1 Patients who have been injured playing a sport, or even those receiving a sports physical, could be counseled by nurses about the risks of unreported concussions. This statement indicates correct understanding. 2 Adolescents are at greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries. This statement indicates correct understanding. 3 Adolescents are at greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries, but adults should be educated about the dangers as well. This statement requires additional education. 4 Patients who have been injured playing a sport, or even those receiving a sports physical, could be counseled by nurses about the risks of unreported concussions. This statement indicates correct understanding.

During the prenatal visit of a woman who is 38 weeks pregnant, the pelvic examination reveals active genital herpes. Which anticipatory guidance should the nurse provide? 1) Potential for the newborn to require neonatal intensive care 2) Increased risk of congenital anomaly in the neonate 3) Preparation for Cesarean section 4) Need to notify the public health department

3 1 There is no reason to suspect that this newborn will have an increased need for neonatal intensive care. 2 There is no reason to expect this neonate to be at higher risk for a congenital anomaly. 3 Most obstetricians will schedule a Cesarean birth if the woman has active herpes at the due date, so the woman should be prepared for this possibility. 4 There is no need to notify the public health department of the woman's diagnosis of genital herpes.

The nurse is providing teaching to a woman during her first prenatal visit. The woman says she has been told to avoid baths and asks if that is true. Which statement made by the nurse is incorrect? 1) "Baths are safe until the membranes rupture." 2) "Apply antiskid devices to the bottom of the tub to prevent injury." 3) "Soaking in a hot tub can be very relaxing and can reduce morning sickness." 4) "In the third trimester, get help getting out of the bathtub."

3 1 This is a true statement that does not need to be corrected because it is safe to take a bath as long as the amniotic membranes are intact. 2 To reduce the risk of sliding in the tub and afterward, placement of antiskid devices is a good thing to teach this patient and does not need correcting. 3 Hot tubs and excessively hot showers should be avoided to prevent hyperthermia, which can cause neural tube defects, so this is an incorrect statement. 4 In the third trimester, patients should be encouraged to request help when getting out of the bathtub, so this is a correct statement.

Which common houseplants may pose a danger to a child if eaten? (Select all that apply.) 1) Lilies 2) Roses 3) Mums 4) Azaleas 5) Poinsettias

3,4,5 1. This is incorrect. Lilies do not pose a danger to a child if eaten. 2. This is incorrect. Roses do not pose a danger to a child if eaten. 3. This is correct. Mums pose a danger to a child if eaten. 4. This is correct. Azaleas pose a danger to a child if eaten. 5. This is correct. Poinsettias pose a danger to a child if eaten.

While giving the history of their 10-year-old child, the parents admit to owning firearms. On the basis of this information, which should the nurse suggest to enhance the child's safety? 1) Putting away all the guns and keeping them out of the child's reach 2) Taking the child to a shooting range for lessons on how to use a gun properly 3) Storing the guns and ammunition in the same place 4) Using a gun lock on all firearms in the house

4 1 A 10-year-old child is able to reach any area of the house; more precautions need to be taken. 2 Teaching gun safety is appropriate to a family that has guns; however, it is not sufficient to protect the child. When adults are not supervising the guns, they must be secured at all times. 3 It is recommended that guns and ammunition be stored separately. 4 Statistics show that about 75% of unintentional deaths and suicides are committed with firearms found in the home. Safety measures such as using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet at least make the guns less accessible.

Which information should the nurse include in car seat safety instructions for the parents of an 8-year-old child? 1) The child should be placed in a forward-facing car seat. 2) The child should be placed in a rear-facing car seat. 3) The child may be able to use a booster seat. 4) The child may be able to use a seat belt.

4 1 A forward-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 1 to 3 years of age. 2 A rear-facing car seat is appropriate for a child who is 12 months of age or younger. 3 A booster seat is appropriate for a child who is 4 to 7 years of age. 4 A seat belt may be appropriate for a child who is 8 to 12 years of age.

The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about healthy nutrition to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. The nurse assesses that the patient understood the teaching when which food choices are made for breakfast? 1) Bacon, eggs, and hash browns 2) Pancakes with syrup and sausage 3) Peanut butter on toast and orange juice 4) Cereal with milk and peanut butter on toast

4 1 Although bacon and eggs are high in protein, foods high in folate are most important for preventing neural tube defects; folate is not found in these foods. 2 Pancakes with syrup and sausage are not high in folate and will not contribute to healthy nutrition to prevent neural tube defects. 3 Although peanuts are high in folate, this is not the best breakfast among those suggested. 4 Cereal is high in folate as are peanuts in peanut butter, so this is the best choice for adequate folate intake to prevent neural tube defects and reflects that the patient understood what she was taught.

The nurse is conducting a home safety class for a group of parents in the community. Which lesson should the nurse teach families to maintain safety in the home? 1) Recycle containers by removing the labels and refilling them. 2) Use overloaded outlets only when necessary. 3) Keep plants in the home. 4) Always pull a plug at the plug-in from the wall outlet.

4 1 Do not remove container labels or reuse empty containers to store different substances; laws mandate that the labels of all substances specify an antidote. 2 Always avoid overloading outlets because it may damage the cord and cause a fire. 3 Not knowing which plants are poisonous and which are not may pose a serious problem for children in the home. 4 Always pull a plug at the plug-in from the wall outlet. Pulling a plug by its cord can damage the cord and plug unit, creating a dangerous situation.

The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman who is complaining of nasal stuffiness. Which intervention does the nurse identify as problematic and encourage the patient to stop? 1) Increased fluid intake 2) Use of nasal saline drops 3) Use of a humidifier in the home 4) Taking a decongestant

4 1 Increased fluid intake helps to promote drainage and reduce nasal stuffiness, so this intervention is not problematic. 2 Use of saline nose drops is healthy and is not problematic. 3 A humidifier in the home helps to reduce nasal stuffiness and is not problematic, but the nurse will want to instruct the patient on the importance of regular cleaning of the humidifier. 4 Decongestants are contraindicated in pregnancy because they constrict blood vessels, which can reduce oxygen supply to the fetus, and should be discouraged.

The nurse includes which teaching as the greatest priority when caring for a pregnant woman over age 35? 1) Healthy nutrition 2) Proper self-care 3) Regular prenatal care 4) Chromosomal testing

4 1 Teaching about healthy nutrition is important for all age groups and is not more important for a woman over age 35. 2 Proper self-care should be taught to all age groups and does not take priority in a woman over age 35. 3 Regular prenatal care is an important component of teaching for all age groups, with no greater priority for women over age 35. 4 Chromosomal testing is of particular priority in women over age 35 because of an increased risk in this age group for chromosomal abnormalities.

Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan for pediatric patients to decrease the risk for dog bites? 1) Encouraging the child to approach an unfamiliar dog 2) Allowing the child to touch a dog that is eating or drinking 3) Touching a dog that is accompanied by an owner 4) Having a dog smell the child's hand prior to petting

4 1 The child should be cautioned against approaching unfamiliar dogs to decrease the risk for dog bites. 2 The child should not be allowed to touch a dog that is eating or drinking to decrease the risk for dog bites. 3 The child should ask the owner of a dog if he or she can touch the dog to decrease the risk for dog bites. 4 The child should be taught to allow the dog to smell his or her hand prior to petting it to decrease the risk for dog bites.

Which should the nurse include in the discharge teaching to ensure safety for a newborn at home? 1) Keeping the baby warm on the car ride home 2) Ensuring the car seat is in the center of the backseat and is rear facing 3) Keeping the baby's head covered 4) Placing the baby on his or her back to sleep

4 1 This action is appropriate to ensure safety on the car ride home, not at home. 2 This action is appropriate to ensure safety on the car ride home, not at home. 3 This action is appropriate to ensure safety on the car ride home, not at home. 4 To ensure that the newborn is safe in the home environment, the nurse should teach the parents to place the baby on his or her back to sleep; this decreases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Which question from the nurse is most effective in assessing a pregnant patient for potential pica? 1) "You're not eating anything that would be considered a nonfood item, are you?" 2) "Are you eating anything weird that you didn't eat before you got pregnant?" 3) "Some women experience cravings. Are you experiencing anything like that?" 4) "Pica, a craving to eat nonfood items, is common in pregnancy. What have you experienced?"

4 1 This is a leading question that encourages the woman to say "no." 2 The nurse's role is to remain nonjudgmental; using a term such as weird is judgmental and is not likely to elicit an honest response. 3 This question is too broad and is more likely to elicit a response regarding food cravings than what the nurse is trying to assess. 4 This statement is specific to pica, is nonjudgmental, and is open-ended to encourage the woman to share.

Which statement made by a pregnant woman who is complaining of increased vaginal discharge should the nurse correct? 1) "I try to wear loose clothes and avoid anything that too tight fitting." 2) "I changed from my usual nylon underwear to cotton underwear." 3) "The discharge has gotten so bad that I have to wear panty liners all the time." 4) "I've started douching at least once a day and sometimes twice a day."

4 1 Wearing loose-fitting clothing and avoiding anything that is too tight is a good response to increased vaginal discharge and does not need to be corrected. 2 Wearing cotton underwear, which is more porous than nylon, is a good response to increased vaginal discharge and does not need to be corrected. 3 Use of panty liners or pads helps to absorb moisture and is a good response to increased vaginal discharge that does not need correction. 4 Although daily perineal hygiene is needed to prevent infection, douching is dangerous and can result in increased risk of infection; thus, this practice should be discouraged by the nurse.