Chapter 6

Suppose your target audience uses a broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. What is the maximum file size for your 30-second video to have a smooth playback using pseudostreaming on the Web? Show your calculations.

30 sec * 6 Mbps/8 bits/byte=22.5MB

Progressive scan displays the frame by scanning the lines of a frame _____. A. in one pass from top to bottom B. in two passes: even-numbered lines in one pass and odd-numbered lines in the second

A

Suppose you are on broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. For a 1-minute video file with a file size of 20 MB, its playback through pseudostreaming on the Web very likely will be _____. A. smooth B. choppy

A

The _____ is encoded using the previous and subsequent I- and/or P-frames as the reference frames. A. B-frame B. I-frame C. P-frame

A

The comb-like artifact in a digital video, as shown in Figure 6.18 , occurs in the _____ video. A. interlaced B. progressive C. both A and B

A

The frame aspect ratio of a standard-format, standard-definition video is _____. A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 1.0 D. 0.9 E. 1.2

A

The frame rate for motion-picture film is _____ fps. A. 24 B. 25 C. 28.9 D. 29.97 E. 30

A

Which of the following compression methods works best with large areas of solid color, such as in a cartoon animation? A. QuickTime Animation B. MPEG-1 C. MPEG-2

A

Which timecode format is preferable for the NTSC system? A. drop frame B. non-drop frame

A

_____ compression refers to the type of compression method in which the amount of time and the complexity required to compress and decompress are significantly different. A. Asymmetric B. Lossless C. Lossy D. Spatial E. Temporal

A

Explain why, in general, the longer GOP structure allows more file size compression. (Hint : Consider the number of I-frames in a GOP structure and the different levels of compression for different frame types.)

A GOP structure has only one I-frame in it. We learned in class that the I-frame is the least compressed frame. If there is more number of N parameter of GOP, there is less I-frames in the video. This is why the file size of the video will be smaller because there are less I-frames in the video.

Which of the following is the television broadcast standard for the United States and Japan? A. NTSC B. PAL C. SECAM

A. NTSC

"After the entire video has been played once in a Web browser, it can be replayed without having to wait for download again." Which of the following modes of video playback match(es) this description? A. True streaming B. Progressive download or pseudo-streaming C. none of the above

B

HDTV is in _____ format. A. MPEG-1 B. MPEG-2 C. MPEG-3 D. MPEG-4 E. QuickTime F. AVI

B

If a frame with a pixel aspect ratio of 1.2 is displayed on a device using a pixel aspect ratio of 1.0, the image will be _____. A. stretched horizontally B. stretched vertically C. cropped at the left and right edges D. cropped at the top and bottom E. displayed correctly

B

Interlaced scan displays the frame by scanning the lines of a frame _____. A. in one pass from top to bottom B. in two passes: even-numbered lines in one pass and odd-numbered lines in the second

B

Suppose you are on broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. For a 5-second video file with a file size of 20 MB, its playback through pseudostreaming on the Web very likely will be _____. A. smooth B. choppy

B

The _____ is encoded using only the information within that frame. A. B-frame B. I-frame C. P-frame

B

The _____ is the least compressed. A. B-frame B. I-frame C. P-frame D. none of the above; all are compressed at the same level

B

The format of chroma subsampling is designated with three numbers separated by colons (for example, 4:2:2) to represent ______. A. the ratio of red:green:blue B. the ratio of the luminance to the two chrominance components C. the ratio of the number of three different types of pixels D. hours:minutes:seconds E. the ratio of the number of three different types of frames in a GOP

B

The frame aspect ratio of a high-definition video is _____. A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 1.0 D. 0.9 E. 1.2

B

The frame aspect ratio of a wide-screen-format, standard-definition video is _____. A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 1.0 D. 0.9 E. 1.2

B

The frame rate for the PAL system is _____ fps. A. 24 B. 25 C. 28.9 D. 29.97 E. 30

B

Which of the following compression methods achieves higher compression for videos without much motion difference, such as for talking heads? A. spatial compression B. temporal compression C. lossless compression D. asymmetric compression

B

Which of the following is the drop-frame timecode format? A. 00:00:00:00 B. 00;00;00;00 C. 00,00,00,00 D. 00.00.00.00

B

Which of the following support the DVD-video, high-definition video, and HDTV standards? A. MPEG-1 B. MPEG-2 C. MPEG-3 D. MPEG-4

B

Which of the following types of video can be compressed the most with temporal compression? A. fast action B. slow, continuous motion

B

_____ compression refers to the type of compression method that preserves the original data. A. Asymmetric B. Lossless C. Lossy D. Spatial

B

Which of the following is the television broadcast standard for most of the Asian countries? A. NTSC B. PAL C. SECAM

B. PAL

Chroma subsampling reduces the storage of pixel information by assigning fewer bits to store the _____ components. A. RGB B. luminance C. chrominance

C

Pixel aspect ratio means _____. A. the ratio of a frame's width (in pixels) to its height (in pixels) B. the ratio of a frame's height (in pixels) to its width (in pixels) C. the ratio of a pixel's width to its height D. the ratio of a pixel's height to its width

C

The _____ is encoded using only the previous I- or P-frame as the reference frame. A. B-frame B. I-frame C. P-frame

C

The frame size for NTSC standard-definition DV is _____ pixels, and _____ pixels for the PAL system. A. 720 480; 720 480 B. 720 576; 720 576 C. 720 480; 720 576 D. 720 576; 720 480

C

The frame size of a video refers to the video's _____. A. aspect ratio B. pixel aspect ratio C. resolution D. ppi

C

The letters "p" and "i" in the high-definition video picture format notations such as 720/30p and 1080/60i stand for _____ and _____ , respectively. A. pixels; inches B. professional; intermediate C. progressive; interlaced D. pixels per inch; inches per pixel

C

The numbers 720 and 1080 in the high-definition video picture format notations such as 720/30p and 1080/60i designate the _____. A. data rate of the video B. width (in pixels) of the frame size C. height (in pixels) of the frame size D. ppi of the video E. none of the above; they are model numbers of different companies

C

_____ compression refers to the type of compression method that discards or alters some of the original data. A. Asymmetric B. Lossless C. Lossy D. Spatial E. Temporal

C

In the YUV color model, the Y-component is _____ , the U-component is ______ , and the V-component is _____. A. luminance; luminance; chrominance B. luminance; chrominance; luminance C. luminance; chrominance; chrominance D. chrominance; chrominance; luminance E. chrominance; luminance; luminance

C. Luminance; chrominance, chrominance

What does the term codec stand for?

Compression/Decompression

The N parameter of the GOP refers to _____. A. the number of B-frames in a GOP B. the number of I-frames in a GOP C. the number of P-frames in a GOP D. the total number of frames in a GOP E. one plus the number of frames between the non-B -frames

D

The pixel aspect ratio of a standard-format, standard-definition video is _____. A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 1.0 D. 0.9 E. 1.2

D

Which of the following also targets mobile applications, such as cell phones? A. MPEG-1 B. MPEG-2 C. MPEG-3 D. MPEG-4

D

_____ compression refers to the type of compression method that aims at compacting individual frames. A. Asymmetric B. Lossless C. Lossy D. Spatial E. Temporal

D

The frame rate for the NTSC system is _____ fps. A. 24 B. 25 C. 28.9 D. 29.97 E. 30

D. 29.97

Which of the following is the most common color model for video? A. RGB B. HSV C. CIE XYZ D. luminance-chrominance

D. Luminance-chrominance

Motion compensation is a key technique in _____ compression. A. asymmetric B. lossless C. lossy D. spatial E. temporal

E

The M parameter of the GOP refers to _____. A. the number of B-frames in a GOP B. the number of I-frames in a GOP C. the number of P-frames in a GOP D. the total number of frames in a GOP E. one plus the number of frames between the non-B frames

E

The pixel aspect ratio of a wide-screen-format, standard-definition video is _____. A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 1.0 D. 0.9 E. 1.2

E

_____ compression refers to the type of compression method that exploits the similarity of the subsequent frame content. A. Asymmetric B. Lossless C. Lossy D. Spatial E. Temporal

E

Which of the following provides a measure for predicting the smoothness of video playback? If the value of that property is too high for the playback device to handle, the playback of the video will be choppy. A. file size B. frame size C. frame rate D. frame aspect ratio E. pixel aspect ratio F. data rate

F

True/False: For streaming video, the file usually remains on the user's device after playback, for example, in the Web browser's cache.

False

True/False: Progressive download requires a streaming server.

False

True/False: The MP3 audio is a MPEG-3.

False

True/False: The drop-frame timecode drops or discards frames to preserve the time accuracy of a video.

False

True/False: The pixel per inch (ppi) is an important attribute for video resolution and should be set correctly when working with digital video in video editing programs.

False

True/False: There is no sampling and quantization involved in capturing motion in digital video.

False

True/False: There is only one I-frame in an MPEG video.

False

Name several strategies to reduce the file size of a video.

Reduce the frame size (For ex. from 1080 to 1070), reduce the frame rate, lower the video quality, apply the compression.

True/False: A typical MPEG-2 consists of a repeating GOP structure.

True

True/False: A very long video, even with low data rate, can have a large file size.

True

True/False: In progressive download, the file usually remains on the user's device after playback, for example, in the Web browser's cache

True

True/False: Progressive download and pseudo-streaming allow the video to start playing as soon as enough of the video data has arrived.

True

True/False: The frame aspect ratio of all six HDTV formats is 16:9.

True

True/False: The signals of digital television are broadcast or transmitted digitally.

True

True/False: There is only one I-frame in a GOP structure.

True

True/False: True streaming requires a streaming server.

True

True/False: The timecode representing the 35th frame is either 00:00:00:35 or 00;00;00;35.

true