Chapter 6 BIOL 155 Iowa State

Aldosterone is secreted: Regulate red blood cell production Maintain acid−base balance and blood pH Contribute to maintenance of water balance Contribute to maintenance of salt balance

Contribute to maintenance of salt balance

Chloride ions passively follow sodium that has been actively transported out of tubular cells, due to the attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions. True False

True

Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump. True False

True

True or false? The sodium-potassium pump creates a charge difference (resting potential) across the cell membrane.

True

When you are taking an exam, the sympathetic nervous system is dominant. True False

True

Receptors for fast pain: generally arise from muscles or internal organs. generally occur in or near skin. transmit action potentials to the brain along the same neurons used by spinal neurons. initiate action potentials that travel more quickly.

generally occur in or near skin.

A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following? activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials action potentials that travel more quickly larger action potentials greater frequency of action potentials

greater frequency of action potentials And activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of: Meissner's corpuscles. Merkel disks. chemoreceptors. mechanoreceptors.

mechanoreceptors.

Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the: thalamus. medulla oblongata. cerebral cortex. cerebellum.

medulla oblongata.

Arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal ultimately results in the release of ________ into the synaptic cleft. Na+ (sodium) neurotransmitters a second action potential K+ (potassium)

neurotransmitters

Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate? Glucose Hydrogen ions Water Protein

protein

The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are: proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids vitamins

proteins

Which of the following receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons? Schwann cells axons the brain receptors

receptors

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron? A) depolarization B) reestablishment of resting potential C) saltatory propagation D) both depolarization and repolarization E) repolarization

repolarization

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following? stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons inhibiting postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing stimulating depolarization of presynaptic neurons inhibiting presynaptic neurons from depolarizing

stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

Its effect is to prepare the body for emergencies: sensory nervous system parasympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system somatic nervous sytem

sympathetic nervous system

For an action potential to be generated, a minimum membrane voltage, or a(n) ________, must be reached. theshold diffusion conductance sensor

theshold

Texting while driving involves which types of driving distractions? oral, auditory, and perceptual visual, cognitive, and manual real and imagined steering and speed

visual, cognitive, and manual

Which of the following is the function of the sensory neurons? Transmitting information to the CNS

Transmitting information to the CNS

Osmotic concentration in the descending limb of the loop of Henle increases as water moves out. True False

True

Using the figure below, identify the structure that represents the eye lens. Eye Diagram (Normal).png V X T U

U

Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on which one of the following? active transport tubular reabsoption bulk flow passive transport

active transport

Bacterial and viral infections of the brain are rare because the ________ prevents most viruses, proteins, and bacteria from entering the cerebrospinal fluid. corpus callosum synpase blood-brain barrier skull

blood-brain barrier

LASIK treatment functions to improve eyesight by: inserting a corrective pupil. widening the iris. changing the shape of the cornea. replacing the eye lens.

changing the shape of the cornea.

The hairpin design of the loop of Henle allows events on one side of the loop to influence the events on the other side, by a process referred to as: bulk flow. glomerular filtration. countercurrent exchange. tubular reabsorption.

countercurrent exchange.

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells: form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell. depolarize simultaneously. activate the sodium-potassium pump of a Schwann cell. form a synapse with multiple postsynaptic cells.

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell.

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____. renal cortex glomerulus nephron renal medulla

nephron

Only 20% of cells in the human nervous system are neurons, and the rest are cells that support and protect neurons called ________ cells. neuroglial Baker cells somatic peripheral

neuroglial

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part of the ________ nervous system. hindbrain peripheral central cranial

peripheral

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption (65 - 70%) occur? distal tubule proximal tubule collecting duct loop of Henle

proximal tubule

Consider a red blood cell traveling in the renal artery. It passes through several different functional vessels before entering the renal vein. Consider the vessels listed below. Which one of the following answers lists the CORRECT order in which the red blood cell passes through these vessels? peritubular capillaries efferent arteriole afferent arteriole glomerulus renal vein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 3, 4, 2, 1, 5 4, 3, 2, 1, 5

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated? Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. Drinks with alcohol also contain a lot of water, and the kidneys excrete this. Alcohol increases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. Alcohol makes the renal tubules more permeable to water.

Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH.

People who are intoxicated cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain? hypothalamus cerebellum corpus callosum cerebrum

Cerebellum

The region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements is the: thalamus. pons. cerebellum. medulla oblongata.

Cerebellum

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons. True False

False

The repolarization phase of an action potential is dependent on the sodium-potassium pump. True False

False

The figure below is a diagram of an eye with an abnormality that would result in vision problems. Eye Diagram.png A person with this condition would be considered farsighted and would require convex lenses in order to see objects in the distance. True Flase

False`

What type of neuron transmits impulses within the central nervous system? interneuron intermittent neuron sensory neuron motor neuron

Interneuron

Which part of the central nervous system is associated with emotions? Cerebrum Limbic system Thalamus Cerebellum

Limbic system

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions? spinal cord parasympathetic sensory motor

Motor

When repolarization is occurring during an action potential, ________ channels are closed. Ca+ (calcium) Cl- (chloride) K+ (potassium) Na+ (sodium)

Na+ (sodium)

Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following? receptor discontinuance receptor overload receptor adaptation receptor oversight

Receptor adaption

What colors do we actually "see"? Purple, green, and yellow Red, orange, and blue Red, green, and blue Purple, orange, and yellow

Red, green, and blue

Which part of the brain functions like a switchboard for the brain?

Thalamus

Which part of the brain functions like a switchboard for the brain? Thalamus Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Pons

Thalamus