Chapter 6 CONNECT practice Qs

Which of the following can contribute to unwanted weight gain?

-excess calorie consumption -physical inactivity

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

-glycerol backbone -three attached fatty acids

Secretions from which two organs are required for the digestion of dietary lipids?

-liver -pancreas

Excess body fat around the abdomen is associated with

-elevated LDL cholesterol -elevated triglycerides

You just ate a food item containing 5 grams of fat, which means that the food provides __ kilocalories from fat.

45

What is an emulsifier?

A compound that helps water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds to mix with each other.

Pair the type of fatty acid with its corresponding chemical structure

Cis fatty acid Hydrogens are found on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond Trans fatty acids Hydrogens are found on opposite side of the carbon- carbon double bond.

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipoprotein lipase

_____ ______ is a digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule.

Pancreatic Lipase

True or False: Long-chain fatty acids contain 14 to 24 carbons.

True

Most cases of heat stroke result from

atherosclerosis

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes is called _____ .

cholecystokinin

Lipids or fats include

cholesterol

An enzyme called __ plays an important role in fat digestion by breaking down lipids.

lipase

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

lipids

The main product of lipid digestion is

monoglycerides

Safflower, corn, soybean, and cottonseed oils are all rich in ___ fat. Diets high in this type of fat may lead to the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL cholesterol.

polysaturated

Match the term on the left with the best description on the right

thrombus = a fixed bunch of clots that remains in place and disrupts blood flow embolus = a blood clot or plaque particle that breaks free from where it formed and travels through the bloodstream

Non-modifiable risk factors for CVD include

-family history of CVD -increasing age

What are the end products of fat digestion?

-glycerol -fatty acids -monoglycerides

According to the Dietary Guidlines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - AMDR), adults should keep their daily distribution of fat calories between __ to __% of their total calories.

1. 20 2. 35

Outline the process of enterohepatic circulation beginning with bile salts absorbed in the small intestine.

1. Bile salts are absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine 2. Bile salt travels through the blood to the liver 3. The liver recycles used bile salts to make new bile.

____ fatty acids must be supplied by the diet, whereas ____ fatty acids can by synthesized by the body and do not need to be supplied by the diet.

1. Essential 2. nonessential

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids?

Trans

_____ is the process of adding hydrogens to unsaturated fats, which makes a liquid fat more solid at room temperature.

Hydrogenation

_____ is a chronic condition that is characterized by high blood pressure levels that persist even when a person is relaxed.

Hypertension

Which of the following nutrients contribute to a feeling of satiety??

Lipids

______ transport lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues

Lipoproteins

List in order the steps of lipid digestion in the small intestine.

1. Fatty chyme stimulates the release of cholecystokinin 2. Cholecystokinin signals the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes, including pancreatic lipase, into the duodenum

Phospholipids contain a ____ portion, which attracts water, and ____ portion, which repels water.

1. hydrophilic 2. hydrophobic

Match the nutrient/non-nutrient on the left with the best description of how it can contribute to unwanted weight gain.

1. protein = The body can convert certain amino acids into fatty acids. 2. carbohydrates = The body can convert excess glucose into fatty acids. 3. alcohol = Stimulates triglyceride synthesis, which can result in storage of excess triglycerides in adipose tissue.

What is a triglyceride?

A molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol.

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

A phospholipid molecule contains a phosphorus, fatty acid, and nitrogen-containing compound called choline