Chapter 6 - DNH (Fats and Other Lipids

Dietary fats often consist of different types of fatty acids

True. Dietary fats are triglycerides. Triglycerides may contain saturated fats and/or mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fats contain a mixture of each type and are clssififed based on type of fatty acids that is in the greatest concentration

A lipid found only in foods that contain animal products is

cholesterol

Lipids or fats include

cholesterol

What is a non-modifiable risk factor for CVD

genetics

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

lipids

How it can contribute to unwanted weight gain

protein - carbohydrates - alcohol -

The steps of lipid digestion in the small intestine

1. Fatty chyme stimulates the release of cholecystokinin 2. Cholecystokinin signals the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes, including pancreatic lipase, into the duodenum

How many kilocalories are in one gram of fat

9

_________ is the long-term process in which plaques build up inside artieral walls

Atherosclerosis

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans AMDR recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake

Between 20 and 35% of total calories

Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar

Both contain a straight molecular structure

Lipoprotein that carries lipids away from tissues and to the liver is

HDL

An _____ Fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms

saturated

Fats are not soluble in ____

water

Hydrogens are found on the opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond.

Trans fatty acid

Excess body fat around the abdomen is associated with

- Elevated triglycerides - Elevated LDL cholesterol

Body parts most vulnerable to damage by atherosclerosis

- Kidney - Legs - Eyes

Which of the following can contribute to unwanted weight gain

- excess energy consumption - physical inactivity

The digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule is called

Pancreatic lipase

The steps of the development of atherosclerosis in the arteries starting with arterial damage and ending with a heart attack

1. Damage occurs in blood vessel lining. 2. Plaque is deposited a the site of initial damage. 3. As plaque accumulates, arteries harden, narrow, and lose elasticity. 4. Pressure in artery is increased. 5. Clot or spasm in a plaque-clogged artery leads to a heart attack

You just ate a food item containing 5 grams of fat, which means that the food provides ____ kilocalories from fat

45

Regina's soccer coach takes the team out for a celebratory meal following a victory. A teammate orders French fries, noting that they must be healthy because the restaurant menu says the fries are fried in "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil. Which statement about "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil is correct?

All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free because cholesterol is only found in animal foods.

_____ is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes

Cholecystokinin

Hydrogens are found on the same side of the carbon- carbon double bond.

Cis fatty acid

By reading the Nutrition Facts panel, you can determine how much _____ are in most packaged foods

- Saturated Fat - Trans fat - Cholesterol - Total fat

When you are eating and drinking alcohol during a meal, the food in the meal

- Slows the rate at which alcohol appears in your blood. - Delays alcohol absorption from the stomach

Most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US include

- Stroke - Coronary artery disease

Alcohol

- Suppresses the production of ADH by the pituitary gland. - Causes the kidneys to excrete more urine

What are the structural components of a triglyceride

- Three attached fatty acids - Glycerol backbone

Food sources that contain cholesterol

- ice cream - chicken - eggs

Structutal components of a triglyceride

- three attached fatty acids - Glycerol backbone

A blood clot or plaque particle that breaks free from where it formed and travels through the bloodstream

Embolus

A condition that is characterized by abnormally high blood pressure levels and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease is called

Hypertension

The total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol in most packaged foods can be determined by reading the ________ ________ panel.

Nutrition Facts

A fixed bunch of clots that remain in place and disrupts blood flow

Thrombus

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who plays on her school's soccer team. Her coach invited a registered dietitian to talk to the team about sports nutrition. The RD recommended minimizing intake of trans fatty acids from processed and packaged foods, but she explained that some trans fats occur naturally. What foods have naturally occurring trans fatty acids?

beef, milk, and butter