Chapter 6 Gov310L
Korematsu v. United States generated which standard of review?
"compelling state interest test"
The Equal Protection Clause prohibits which type of discrimination?
"unreasonable"
3 Questions asked under Strict Scrutiny
1. Does the case involve a fundamental freedom or suspect classification? 2. Does the action serve a compelling government interest? 3. Is the action taken by the government narrowly tailored to achieve the compelling interest?
At what point was the concept of equality enshrined in the U.S. Constitution?
14th Amendment
In what year was the right for women to vote enshrined in the Constitution?
1920
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
"The Little Rock Nine."
9 black students to be first to integrate the high school in the capitol of Arkansa. Governor of Arkansa ordered their National Guard to prevent their entry. President Dwight D. Eisenhower overruled that and told the National Guard to allow them in and protect them.
rational basis test
A standard developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law; when applied, a law is constitutional as long as it meets a reasonable government interest. - Favor of the government
The Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to vote to
All adult male citizens
intermediate scrutiny
An intermediate standard used by the Supreme Court to determine whether a law is compatible with the Constitution. A law subject to this standard is considered constitutional if it advances "an important government objective" and is "substantially related" to the objective - government and individual interest equal
What was one of the purposes of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Banning discrimination based on race
What party is most associated with black nationalism?
Black Panther Party
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that schools must desegregate "with all deliberate speed"?
Brown v. Board II
The "Doll Study" was used in which of the following cases?
Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Kansas
Where are Civil Rights rooted in the Constitution?
Civil rights are rooted in the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, which states that "no state shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
Civil Rights
Civil rights protect citizens from discrimination by the government and other citizens.
equality of opportunity
Equality of opportunity refers to the idea that every individual must have the same chance to succeed in life.
Gaines v. Canada(1938).
Gaines applied for law school in Missouri, denied on base of race, Missouri said they will pay for his education out of state. Gaines challenged the fact that Missouri isn't holding up the separate but equal laws in the state. Supreme Court agreed saying they either needed to make a black law school or allow admittance.
Which of the following of Civil Rights require equal protection?
Gender
The NAACP primarily targeted inequities in which educational institutions?
Graduate and Professional Programs
Which of the following has been a part of the evolution of free speech?
Incitement/imminent lawless action, Balancing test , Fighting words doctrine
What was the main effect of the Missouri Compromise?
It granted freedom to any slave whose master established residence in a free state or territory.
What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise?
It granted freedom to any slave whose master established residency in a free territory.
The American women suffrage association differed from the National Women's Suffrage Association in which of the following ways?
It targeted Amendments to State Constitutions
Prior to the Civil War, what did the Constitution say about slavery?
It was legal in all states.
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws instituted legal segregation in schools, transportation, facilities, restaurants, and other public places.
If fully ratified, the Corwin Amendment of 1861 would have effectively:
Left decisions regarding slavery in the hands of states
and equality of outcome.
Leveling the playing field to give the disadvantaged a greater chance of success.
The Bloody Sunday
March 1965, civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery where police used tear gas and clubs and hospitalized participants.
The right against self-incrimination was established by which court case?
Miranda v. Arizona
Which of the following had slaves that were not freed by the emancipation proclamation?
Missouri
Which is an example of non-violent direct action?
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
In what year was the Equal Rights Amendment added to the constitution?
None, Though proposed numerous times and ratified by many states, the Equal Rights Amendment was never fully adopted and added to the Constitution.
The American Indian Movement is noted for its use of which of the following tactics?
Occupation of Symbolic property
Craig v. Boren
Oklahoma law that set minimum age requirements for alcohol purchase based on biological sex. Women could purchase alcohol at 18, but men had to be 21. Court ruled in Craig's favor that the law violet the equal protection clause
Brown v. Board II
Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed."
The ruling in which of the following cases established the "separate but equal" doctrine?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Voter Registration Projects such as the Freedom Summer are an example of what kind of strategy?
Political action
According to the text which of the following tactics has frequently been employed by Latino Civil Rights groups?
Rallies
What was the immediate effect of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency?
South Carolina Seceded from the union.
According to the text, which states did the federal government threaten to withhold money from?
States that refused to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964
In which of the following standards of review are the interest of individuals given the most weight?
Strict Scrutiny
Which of the following standards of review are used to evaluate government action in relation to the Equal Protections Clause?
Strict scrutiny
Who drafted the 19th Amendment to the Constitution?
Susan B. Anthony
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt was denied admittance to Texas Law School because of his race. Result: SC ruled that the school had to let him in because the separate facility for negroes was not even close to equal. - 14th A.
According to the text, which of the following drew national attention to the issue of racial equality?
Television coverage of police brutality
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was ratified on December 6, 1865, and banned all forms of "slavery" and "involuntary servitude."
Civil War Amendments
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, coined the Civil War amendments or the Reconstruction amendments, are the product of this effort.
In his majority opinion in Obgerefell v. Hodges, which constitutional amendment did justice Kennedy rely on to justify the supreme courts decision legalizing same-sex marriage?
The 14th Amendment
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment granted the full rights of national and state citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States." It also guaranteed citizens due process and equal protection under the law
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment extended the right to vote to African Americans.
According to the text, which group has notably taken advantage of media relations in order to further its cause of obtaining full civil rights? Choose the BEST answer.
The LGBT community
Which group did President Kennedy task with the investigation of the treatment of women in American Society?
The Presidential Commission on the Statutes of Women
Those who are against mandatory vaccinations make the argument that:
The government is infringing upon civil liberties
Which of the following was a major achievement of the disability rights movement?
The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990
Which of the following became referred to as "The bloody Sunday"?
The police attack on participants in a march from Selma to Montgomery
What must the government prove to satisfy the intermediate standard of review?
The policy is substantially related to a legitimate government objective
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
What was the right in question in the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright?
The right to counsel
Which of the following represents an accurate description of what transpired in 1808?
The slave population numbered over 1 million
Which of the following used radical protest tactics such as sit-ins and freedom rides?
The student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC)
Why did the Supreme Court uphold a presidential order that led individuals with Japanese, Italian, and German heritage to be interned in camps during World War II?
There was a "compelling state interest" in detaining citizens from enemy nations.
Violence Against Women Act 1994
This legislation provided funding for an entire division of the U.S. Justice Department dedicated to addressing violence against women, including domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, and dating violence.21
The freedom of speech can be limited by the State in which of the following ways?
Time, place and manner
What federal legislation has been instrumental in ensuring that women's education programs, including athletics, receive funding equal to that of men's programs?
Title IX
Plessy v. Ferguson
Train Car- Plessy 1/8 black/arrested/claim was it was not equal/Supreme Court upheld their decision/This case yielded the "separate but equal" doctrine that protected racially discriminatory policies well into the 20th century.
strict scrutiny
Used When the government discriminates against individuals based on their race, religion, or national origin orinfringes on any individual's fundamental freedom - This is in favor of the individual
To whom did Martin Luther King Jr. Direct his "Letter From Birmingham Jail"?
White Clergyman- They came out saying the sympathized with his cause but criticized his tactics.
What was the immediate effect of Rosa Parks's arrest?
a year long bus-boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
Protective legislation's concerned with which of the following?
enacting policies that addressed women's biological differences from men
Affirmative action furthers which type of equality?
equality of outcome
Affirmative action represents an example of which of the following?
guaranteeing Equality of outcome
protective legislation
policies aimed at treating women differently in order to accommodate their biological difference, promote their health, and protect them from exploitation. - Protective legislation, they argued, only served to discourage employers from hiring women altogether.
"Doll Study"
showed that African American girls often preferred white dolls over black ones because they thought the black dolls looked bad. Suggested that racial superiority was being socialized at a very young age and reinforced through the public educational system, causing irreparable harm to African American children. - Used in Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Kansas case
When examining how rights movements achieve success, the creation of wheelchair accessibility in public buildings is an example of what?
success through legislation
Which amendment banned all forms of "slavery" and "involuntary servitude"?
the 13th Amendment
Which amendment in the Constitution is most closely tied to civil rights?
the 14th Amendment
Which amendment guaranteed African Americans the right to vote?
the 15th amendment
According to the population distribution map, in which region of the country did most African Americans live in 1890?
the Southeast
Who were the "Little Rock Nine"?
the group of African American students attempting to attend Central High School in Littleton, Arkansa
At what level of scrutiny does the Supreme Court presume that the government's action is valid?
the rational basis test
What was the purpose of Title IX?
to ensure equality of funding between women's and men's educational programs
What was the purpose of Jim Crow Laws?
to segregate society by race
