Chapter 6 Homework

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?

Each pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH.

The O2 required for __________ is supplied by __________.

cellular respiration ... breathing

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to __________.

pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane

After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,

pyruvate is oxidized.

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________.

recycle NADH through fermentation

Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?

Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules

Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life-sustaining activities.

75%

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

2

5. NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, ___________ .

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

During chemiosmosis,

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?

They are used to form water.

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

They produce ATP

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

What process occurs in box A?

glycolysis

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

glycolysis

Which H+ has just passed through the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion?

hydrogen ion D

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

in the cytoplasmic fluid

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________.

in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

During cellular respiration, energy in glucose

is carried by electrons

When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to __________.

kinetic energy and heat

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____.

lactic acid

A gram of fat oxidized by cellular respiration produces approximately __________ as much ATP as a gram of carbohydrate.

twice

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.

loses ... oxygen gains

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________.

loses electrons and becomes oxidized

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

lost in the form of heat

2. In cellular respiration, glucose becomes ______ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).

oxidized

4. In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _________ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH.

oxygen

What molecule is indicated by the letter D?

oxygen

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

oxygen.

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages of cellular respiration.

GREEN : Glycolysis ORANGE : Citric Acid Cycle YELLOW : Electron Transport

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

Glucose

Which of the following statements regarding aerobic cellular respiration is TRUE?

Glucose is completely oxidized to form carbon dioxide.

The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that

H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space.

Given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight?

Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.

3. In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes _______ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.reduced

NAD+

In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

NAD+

As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________.

NADH ... reduced

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria

Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2?

We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements

Drag the labels at left into the appropriate targets on the right to complete this concept map about oxidative phosphorylation.

a.cellular respiration b.ATP c.election transport chain d.H+ Concentration gradient e. NADH and FADH2 f.ATP synthase g. oxygen

Drag the labels onto the flowchart to indicate how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration. Start with the ingestion of food on the left.

a.eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body b. After food is broken down in the digestive system, it is transported to cells via the circulatory system c. Fuel molecules are broken down further in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) d.ATP is produced with the help of the electron transport chain

1. The transfer of _______ from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.

electrons

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?

energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide and water

What process occurs within Box B?

the citric acid cycle

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

the mitochondrion

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain