chapter 6
Research presented in the text suggests that highly prosocial behavior during the preschool years _____.
predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood
About _____ percent of children are subject to chronic harassment by a bully.
10 to 20
Working memory can hold about _____ chunks of information.
7
Penny is an obese 10-year-old. Her weight is at or above the ______ percentile, based on national norms.
95th
Arthur has _____ because he tends to act on his immediate emotions and behave aggressively.
externalizing tendencies
Children with _____ tend to act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.
externalizing tendencies
According to Erikson, the failure to resolve the key psychosocial task of middle childhood will result in feelings of _____.
inferiority
Rexford feels that everyone is out to get him. Rexford has a _____.
hostile attributional bias
Sally uses induction in disciplining her child. After witnessing her daughter teasing a playmate, what does she say?
"Think of how terrible that child feels being teased."
Which statement about diagnosing ADHD is true?
ADHD symptoms include difficulties with inhibition and selective attention.
Which child displays internalizing tendencies?
Ann, who is timid
Which girl is the MOST likely to frequently engage in physically aggressive behavior?
Rachel, who is 2½ years old
When people feel guilty, they may be motivated to _____.
apologize and reconnect with others
Pia is 8 years old. According to Piaget, Pia is MOST likely in the ______ stage of cognitive development.
concrete operations
Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period.
concrete operations
When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers, "Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____ children because they describe their friendship in terms of _____.
elementary school-age; internal qualities
Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies.
externalizing
A classic victim of bullying _____.
has internalizing issues and trouble standing up for herself
Children who have reached concrete operations are MORE likely to act prosocially than younger children because they _____.
have better skills
A cognitive developmentalist asserts that thinking is best thought of as a set of skills that may be divided into components. The developmentalist appears to endorse a(n) ______ approach to thinking.
information processing
Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies.
internalizing
Jaden, a 9-year-old child, is extremely fearful of high places, thinking that he may fall at any moment. He also sees himself as a failure at everything he does, even when his performance is reasonably good. Jaden has _____.
internalizing tendencies
Personality theorist Harry Stack Sullivan believed that friendships in middle childhood attempt to fulfill which developmental need?
intimacy
_____ is MORE likely with children who have internalizing problems.
learned helplessness
When Ellie was 4 years old, she believed that she was the fastest runner in the world. Now that she is in third grade, her view of her running abilities is MOST likely _____.
more realistic
Personality theorist Harry Stack Sullivan believed that children's friendships fulfill the developmental needs of self-validation and intimacy. Which child is Sullivan MOST likely describing?
reece, age 10
Because she does not have a pen and paper (or a GPS) in her car, Brittany memorizes her friend's phone directions by repeating the turns and street names in her mind over and over. Brittany is using a learning strategy called _____.
rehearsal
_____ is a limited-capacity gateway system containing all the material that one can keep in awareness at a single time.
working memory
Which child is in middle childhood?
toya, who is 8
Eight-year-old Jewel will _____ if she successfully resolves the Eriksonian psychosocial task of middle childhood.
work for what she wants
Milagros is a fifth-grader who has been chronically bullied for several years. As a result, she has become anxious and withdrawn, yet at the same time occasionally lashes out at her tormenters. The school psychologist has evaluated Milagros and suggested that she has comorbid _____.
externalizing and internalizing problems
Bryce is celebrating his ninth birthday. Bryce is in the _____ stage of life.
middle childhood
