Chapter 6 Nutrition

What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

-Chicken -Eggs -Icecream

Dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development.

-replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats -limit trans fat intake -reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories

CCK signals the pancreas to secrete ______ lipase into the duodenum of the small intestine.

pancreatic

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

The Adequate Intake of alpha-linolenic acid for men and women (ages 19-50 years old) is ______.

1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day, respectively

How many minuets should you engage in physical activity a week

150 minuets

saturated fatty acid

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds

Name one of the most common digestive diseases in the United States.

Gallstones

Lipid storage diseases ______.

Genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells damage tissues.

_________ _________ is a digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule.

Pancreatic lipase

A(n) ______ fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms.

Saturation

One in three adult Americans suffers from ____________ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

cardiovascular

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake?

steaming

Classes of lipids include

sterols phospholipids triglycerides

Most gallstones are made of

cholesterol

True or false: Phospholipids contain both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions, which attract and repel water.

true

The class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols is called

Lipids

What are the by-products of lipid digestion?

glycerol and fatty acids

The major adverse health conditions associated with consuming high amounts of fat are _____.

certain cancers heart disease obesity stroke

monounsaturated fatty acid

one double bond

A triglyceride has how many fatty acids?

three attached to the glycerol molecule

an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipoprotein lipase

______is found only in foods that contain animal products.

Cholesterol

Genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells, which damages tissues are called

Lipid Storage Disease

statements that are true regarding plant food sterols and stanols

-Plants contain sterols similar to cholesterol. -Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties.

What are the most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US

-Stroke -Heart disease

what tests should a doctor perform to determine a person's risk for developing atherosclerosis?

-Test triglyceride levels -Check blood pressure -Request lipoprotein profile

to check for someone's risk for ________________ a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels

Atherosclerosis

Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar?

Both have straight shapes

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein lipase

Evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol does not have as much effect on blood cholesterol as dietary?

Saturated Fat

Cholesterol-lowering margarines contain plant, _________________ which may lower cholesterol in people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

Sterols

A trans fatty acid is similar in structure to a saturated fatty acid because the hydrocarbon chain is relatively ______.

Straight

polyunsaturated fatty acid (with three-double bonds)

a fatty acid containing three or more carbon-carbon double bonds

polyunsaturated fatty acid (With two-double bonds)

a fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

______ is a symptom or by-product of ______.

arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls.

artherosclerosis

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

An omega-3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

Phospholipids contain a_____ portion, which attracts water, and a_______ portion, which repels water.

1. Hydrophilic 2. Hydrophobic

Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid fragments are the end products_________ of digestion.

Lipid

Reducing the intake of WHAT will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

-Alcohol -Refined Carbohydrates

True or false: The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

True

Artherosclerosis

long-term disease process in which plaque builds up inside the arterial walls

Arteriosclerosis

A loss of arterial flexibility or "Hardening of the arteries"

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range - AMDR) recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake

between 20 and 35% of total calories

What does omega 3 do?

decrease blood clotting, reduce heart attack, decrease inflammation, excess may cause hemorrhagic stroke.

True or False, Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

True

The direct benefits of physical activity include ______.

-reducing blood LDL cholesterol level -achieving healthy body weight -maintaining a healthy body weight

What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body

-to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins -to provide energy -to insulate and protect the body

Obesity, certain cancers, and cardiovascular disease are all serious health conditions that often result from consuming high amounts of _____.

Lipids