Chapter 6 - OB, Chapter 7 - OB, Chapter 8 - OB, Chapter 9 - OB, Chapter 10 - OB, OB Final, OB final
T/F Most written communication today takes place over letters
False. Emails and texts
T/F Groups with low cohesion and high task commitment tend to be the most effective
False. High cohesion and high task commitment
T/F Teams whose members have complementary skills are often less successful
False. More successful
T/F Working in a fragmented fashion has a significant positive effect on efficiency, creativity, and mental acuity
False. Negative
T/F Personal conflicts are usually healthy
False. Never
T/F Email is the first most popular medium of communication worldwide
False. Second
T/F Hardball tactics should be used because the negotiation is likely not the last time you will interact with the other party
False. Should not be used
T/F There is a right way to deal with conflict
False. There is no one way
Which of the following statements regarding conflict and its cures is INCORRECT?
To avoid conflict in communication, focus on the person, not behavior or its effects.
Which of the following statements regarding conflict and its cures is INCORRECT? A bureaucratic organizational structure can lead to conflict between high and low power people. To avoid conflict in communication, focus on the person, not behavior or its effects. Conflict can be dysfunctional in an organization if it is excessive. Consideration of a broader range of ideas is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization.
To avoid conflict in communication, focus on the person, not behavior or its effects.
T/F 70% of all organizational communication occurs through the grapevine
True
T/F A firm's top management team often represents a variety of functional areas.
True
T/F A lack of conflict may be an indicator that individuals do not care about their jobs/organizations or do not feel comfortable bringing up differences
True
T/F A moderate amount of conflict can be healthy for organizational life
True
T/F An internal pressure to conform can cause members to change their behavior
True
T/F As the size of the group grows, the effect of social loafing becomes larger
True
T/F China prefers that conversations start out with innocuous topics to set a mood of friendliness
True
T/F Communication is related to a manager's performance as 50-90% of a managers time is spent communicating
True
T/F Groups and teams have become an essential component of an organization's assetts
True
T/F If conflict in an organization is too low, performance is also likely low
True
T/F Information can move horizontally, vertically, and diagnally
True
T/F Japan and Pakistan tend to not trust what is heard from the other party until a stronger relationship is formed?
True
T/F Japan or Korea prefer harmony rather than conflict
True
T/F Matrix-structured organizations often experience decisional conflict because each manager reports to two bosses.
True
T/F Miscommunications can arise between individuals of the same culture and different cultures
True
T/F People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution and greater stratification in economic, social, and political settings.
True
T/F People in high power-distance countries expect unequal power distribution and greater stratification
True
T/F Supervisors are a key source of stress
True
T/F The arbitration-mediation approach had led to voluntary agreements in a greater percentage of situations than the more common mediation-arbitration approach.
True
T/F The burden on business to speak out quickly and clearly has never been greater
True
T/F The closure phase of the negotiation process may include finding a final offer that is unacceptable and from which the party has walked away.
True
T/F The design components of an organization's internal environment have a direct connection with the level of ethical behaviors in a company
True
T/F The key to keeping a disagreement healthy is to keep the discussion focused on the task, not the personalities
True
T/F The key to keeping conflict or disagreement healthy in an organization is to focus the discussion on the task, not the personalities
True
T/F The more diverse a team is with regard to expertise, gender, age, and background, the more likely the team is to avoid groupthink.
True
T/F The norming stage of group development involves the establishment of ground rules for the group and an increased commitment to other members and the group goal.
True
T/F There are cultural differences in the use of nonverbal communication elements like body language and facial expression
True
T/F When in doubt, we typically believe in nonverbal cues over what is being said
True
Which of the following is an illegal interview question?
What are your childcare arrangements?
Which of the following is an illegal interview question? What was your grade point average at XYZ University? Tell me about a time when you experienced conflict in a past job. What are your childcare arrangements? What was your salary at your last place of employment?
What are your childcare arrangements?
Can organizational change cause stress?
Yes
Research conducted in an actual organization is
a field study.
Research conducted in an actual organization is a field study. a survey. a lab study. a meta-analytic study.
a field study.
Research that is performed under very controlled conditions and can include observation, interviews, or experiments is called
a lab study.
Research that is performed under very controlled conditions and can include observation, interviews, or experiments is called a case study. a survey. a field study. a lab study.
a lab study.
During the performing portion of the group development model, participants are getting the work done and paying greater _____________ to how they are doing it. The group is also _____________ and becomes more competent, autonomous, and insightful
attention, maturing
What refers to the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high-level skills? a. skill variety b. task significance c. feedback d. autonomy
a. skill variety
Joshua Greene's study of how our minds and bodies react to difficult situations found that a. study subjects were largely able to agree on what was the best of possible evils in a scenario b. human decisions are mostly rational, not impacted by emotion c. magnetic imaging suggests emotional scenarios require less use of our brains compared to unemotional scenarios d. humans use rationale and emotion to make decisions similar to how a computer would
a. study subjects were largely able to agree on what was the best of possible evils in a scenario
Role ambiguity refers to a. vagueness in relation to job responsibilities b. insufficient time and resources to complete a job c. contradictory demands at work d. processing demands that exceed the supply of time for such processing
a. vagueness in relation to job responsibilities
If both parties to a budget negotiation seek to expand the overall budget so that each party gets more, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy?
accommodating approach
Which type of conflict style is cooperative and unassertive and gives to what the other side wants, even at the expense of their own personal goals?
accommodation
The type of listening where giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand, asking questions, and not interrupting is what?
active listening
Letting employees know what criteria will be used during an appraisal is known as what?
adequate notice
Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT conscientiousness. agreeableness. extraversion. openness.
agreeableness
its is finals week at State University and Agnes has five finals in three days. What phase of the stress process is she experiencing in each of the scenarios below?
alarm phase
Genuine acting refers to displaying emotions that are ____________ with emotions that are actually there
aligned
Which of the following is a high-risk situation where your job might be at risk for workplace violence?
all of the above
Which of the following is a high-risk situation where your job might be at risk for workplace violence? supervising others denying requests made by others caring for others all of the above
all the above
Study findings on personality indicate
although it is interesting information, employee personality has relatively little impact on placing individuals in jobs.
Which instrumental value might surveys find to be prevalent in Wall Street brokers?
ambition
Which instrumental value might surveys find to be prevalent in Wall Street brokers? forgiveness ambition obedience imagination
ambition
A faultline is
an attribute along which a group is split into subgroups.
What is the type of stress that refers to stress caused by visualizing events that may (or may not) happen in the future?
anticipatory stress
When parties submit the dispute to the third party arbitrator who makes the final decision, this is known as what?
arbitration
An example of a crucial conversation is
asking for a raise
An example of a crucial conversation is asking for a raise taking part in a weekly meeting assigning weekly work to an employee chatting about the company's latest email on the firm's holiday party plans
asking for a raise
Deep-level diversity traits include
attitudes.
Deep-level diversity traits include gender. age. attitudes. race.
attitudes.
According to the leadership decision tree, a leader who makes a decision alone using available information has a(n)
autocratic decision-making style.
According to the leadership decision tree, a leader who makes a decision alone using available information has a(n) autocratic decision-making style. consultative decision-making style. group decision-making style. laissez-faire decision-making style.
autocratic decision-making style.
Which conflict handling style is indicated by an individual who says, "I don't really care if we work this out."?
avoidance
Which conflict handling style is indicated by an individual who says, "I don't really care if we work this out."? accommodation collaboration avoidance compromise
avoidance
Which type of conflict style is uncooperative and unassertive and deny the existence of conflict?
avoidance
How people can understand each other more completely by becoming more aware of their own and others' emotions is known as what?
emotional intelligence
All of the following are general mental abilities EXCEPT
emotional intelligence.
All of the following are general mental abilities EXCEPT reasoning skills. analytical skills. emotional intelligence. verbal skills.
emotional intelligence.
In the norming portion of the group development model, the leader should become more of a ________________ by stepping back and letting the group assume more responsibility
fascilitator
Servant leaders
feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community
Servant leaders put themselves first. make their overriding goal getting their employees to contribute to the community. make their primary mission high-level personal achievement. feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
Distorting or withholding information to manage a person's reactions that prevents employees from getting a complete picture of reality is known as what?
filtering
What is known as the concept of total engagement in one's work?
flow
Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by: food. feeling danger-free. feelings of importance. human bonds.
food
Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by
food.
Leaders who hold a position of authority and utilize the power that comes from their position as well as personal power to influence others are called
formal leaders
Leaders who hold a position of authority and utilize the power that comes from their position as well as personal power to influence others are called informal leaders. transformational leaders. formal leaders. charismatic leaders.
formal leaders
T/F The 360-degree feedback is a system that gathers feedback from sources like peers, customers, and subordinates and shares it with employees for developmental purposes
True
T/F The Demand-Control model proposes that employees with high levels of autonomy and control over their jobs will be less stressed.
True
T/F The highest level of stress occurs when job demands are high and job control is low
True
T/F The use of jargon can strengthen professional bonds with those of similar backgrounds.
True
T/F Under piece rate incentives, employees are paid on the basis of individual output they produce.
True
The concept of flow refers to: a. applying the principles of athletic performance to workplace performance b. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity c. the regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes d. ongoing negative emotional states resulting from dissatisfaction
b. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity
In Mexican companies, self-managing teams are (easy/difficult) because of the traditionally paternalistic and hierarchical nature of many Mexican organizations
difficult
Which two neurotransmitter brain chemicals are important to feeling alert, increased concentration, and faster reaction times?
dopamine and norepinephrine
What refers to the degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal?
goal commitment
What refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety?
job enlargement
T/F The link between stress and heart disease has been proven by the American Heart Association to be strong.
False
A barrier to effective communication where the sender or the receiver is upset
emotional disconnect
Americans and Germans have a much (higher/lower) tolerance for conflict
higher
Which of the following statements about surveys is INCORRECT?
Close-ended question responses are difficult to summarize.
T/F Western cultures view negotiations as a social activity while their Eastern culture counterparts view it as a business activity.
False
T/F Written communication is best utilized when the ideas are simple.
False
Gender discrimination is prohibited by which of the following laws?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
What are events or contexts that cause a stress reaction by elevating levels of adrenaline and forcing a physical or mental response?
stressors
Research on turnover indicates which of the following statements is FALSE?
All turnover is bad for an organization.
Research on turnover indicates which of the following statements is FALSE? Unhappy employees are more likely to leave than those who are satisfied with the organization. Poor work attitudes cause intentions to leave, which often causes actually leaving the company. All turnover is bad for an organization. Agreeable and conscientious people are less likely to quit their jobs.
All turnover is bad for an organization.
Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT
Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
What are the 5 phases of negotiation?
1. Investigation 2. BATNA 3. Presentation 4. Bargaining 5. Closure
What are some tips for ethical negotiations?
1. be honest 2. keep promises 3. treat people the way you want to be treated
Some criteria to consider when filtering a message includes what 3 things?
1. past experience 2. knowledge and perception of speaker 3. emotional state and level of attention
What are the 6 parts of the communication process?
1. sender 2. encoder 3. medium 4. receiver 5. decoder 6. noise
What are the 5 core job characteristics?
1. skill variety 2. task identity 3. task significance 4. autonomy 5. feedback
Group size should be between _____ and _____ members
2 and 20
_____% of in person communication comes from nonverbal
55%
What involves resolving conflict with the help of a specially trained, neutral third party without the need for a formal trial or hearing?
ADR
Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT Poor communication can lead to lawsuits. Effective communication skills are the top skills sought by recruiters today. Poor communication is seen as a causal factor in 70-80% of all accidents. Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
Which of the following statements is true?
Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior
Which of the following statements is true? There is an exceptionally strong correlation between attitudes and behavior such that attitudes will almost perfectly predict behavior. Intention to behave and actual behavior are almost always the same. Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior. Attitude is weakly related to intention to behave and actual behavior.
Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior.
If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict? Change the structure of the organization. Focus attention on a common enemy of the two clashing team members. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict?
Change the structure of the organization. Answers: Change the structure of the organization. Focus attention on a common enemy of the two clashing team members. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Maria strongly disliked working in groups in college because she always felt there was someone who did not "pull his weight." However, now that she is a manager, she must organize teams in her firm. Which of the following is NOT a tip to prevent social loafing she has received from other managers in her company?
Choose a larger number of employees for each team.
Maria strongly disliked working in groups in college because she always felt there was someone who did not "pull his weight." However, now that she is a manager, she must organize teams in her firm. Which of the following is NOT a tip to prevent social loafing she has received from other managers in her company? Design and communicate to all group members how they will be evaluated. Assign engaging, challenging and rewarding tasks to group members. Choose a larger number of employees for each team. Define each individual's tasks in front of the group.
Choose a larger number of employees for each team.
Which of the following statements about surveys is INCORRECT? Either open-ended or close-ended questions can be used in surveys. Close-ended question responses are difficult to summarize. Surveys involve asking individuals to respond to questions. Many effective online survey tools are available free of charge.
Close-ended question responses are difficult to summarize.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that contextual factors, like being among the best paid employees in the retail industry, are the only reason for the firm's success. content factors, like the collaborative atmosphere in each supermarket, are the only reason for the firm's success. growth needs, like the autonomy of opening products for customer samples, are the only reason for the firm's success. Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT?
Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.
Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT? Measures of job performance include the speed and accuracy with which the job is performed. One of the powerful influences on job performance is how we are treated at work. Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance. Work attitudes, like job satisfaction, are moderate correlates of job performance.
Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.
Research on decision-making styles finds
Democratic decision making leads to stronger employee productivity. Answers: Laissez-faire decision making is positively related to employee satisfaction. Democratic decision making leads to stronger employee productivity. Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision. Scientists favor authoritarian decision making over democratic decision making
Which of the following is NOT a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations?
Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over
Which of the following is NOT a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations? Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over. Be patient; don't rush things. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait. Focus on agreement first and then go back to those areas that are unresolved.
Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over.
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one.
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.
T/F The customer service representative at the department store who keeps smiling as she listens to the customer bitterly complain about her newly purchased product is engaging in deep acting.
False
Research on decision-making styles finds Laissez-faire decision making is positively related to employee satisfaction. Democratic decision making leads to stronger employee productivity. Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision. Scientists favor authoritarian decision making over democratic decision making.
Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision.
Research on motivation suggests the following
Ethical behavior is learned behavior
Research on motivation suggests the following: Ethical behavior is learned behavior. Satisfaction with social needs is a powerful motivator in industrialized countries. Subjects in different cultures do not vary in their distribution of rewards regardless of the subject's age. Valuing justice and fairness is a distinctive American-only value.
Ethical behavior is learned behavior.
T/F A group is a cohesive coalition of people working together to achieve mutual goals while a team is a collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person's actions have an impact on another's.
False
T/F Communication methods and forms differ little across cultures.
False
T/F Generally speaking, the more cohesive a group is, the less productive it is because the preservation of individual feelings supersedes any task oriented role.
False
T/F Idea-generation tasks include coming up with plans for actions and making decisions.
False
T/F Role conflict is the strongest predictor of poor performance on the job
False
T/F The avoidance conflict handling style is characterized by high levels of cooperativeness and assertiveness.
False
If two marketing groups within a firm's marketing department are vying against each other for a larger percentage of the budget, which option that the marketing manager could consider to manage the organizational conflict would be MOST effective?
Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business
If two marketing groups within a firm's marketing department are vying against each other for a larger percentage of the budget, which option that the marketing manager could consider to manage the organizational conflict would be MOST effective? Take a majority vote on what the two departments feel is the best budget allocation. Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business. Change the composition of the two departments. Restructure the entire department so that teams are no longer used.
Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business.
Which of the following statements regarding group decision support systems (GDSS) is INCORRECT
GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
Which of the following statements regarding group decision support systems (GDSS) is INCORRECT? GDSS could make employees reluctant to share information. GDSS could become too complex. GDSS improves the output of group collaborative work through higher information sharing. GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
Correct Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member. In high LMX relationships, the leader has a trust-based relationship with the member. In high LMX relationships, both leader and member go above and beyond their job descriptions to assist the other party in succeeding. In low LMX relationships, the leader does his job and the member does his.
High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.
Which of the following statements regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership is INCORRECT? The role of the leader in the path-goal theory is to remove roadblocks and create a motivational environment for workers. Each leadership style identified in the path-goal theory is effective depending on the employee characteristics and those of the work environment. House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation. Leaders can create high performing employees by making sure employee effort leads to performance and that performance is rewarded with desired rewards.
House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation.
An example of an operational decision is
How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display
An example of an operational decision is Should we consider a merger with our biggest competitor? How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display? Should we develop a new corporate structure? Which advertising firm should we choose for our fall advertising campaign?
How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display?
Which of the following is NOT correct about the nature of social roles in a team?
If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses.
Which of the following is NOT correct about the nature of social roles in a team? If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses. If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more cohesive. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are less likely to engage in social loafing. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are less likely to have biases.
If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses.
Which of the following statements about attribution is correct?
If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
Which of the following statements about attribution is correct? Attributions depend only on consensus, distinctiveness and consistency. When faced with poor performance, one punishes the person more if we make an external attribution. If someone's failure is due to internal causes, we feel empathy and offer help. If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
Which of the following statements regarding age and turnover is FALSE?
Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job.
Which of the following statements regarding age and turnover is FALSE? Programming opportunities offered to new hires, such as orientation, can reduce the turnover of this group. Younger individuals are more likely to turnover than older individuals. Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job. Younger individuals have an easier time, overall, leaving a job than older individuals.
Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job.
Which of the following statements about job enlargement is NOT true?
Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature.
Which of the following statements about job enlargement is NOT true? Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature. When jobs are enlarged, employees view themselves as more capable. Job enlargement is beneficial because it is positively related to higher quality customer service. The intent behind job enlargement is to increase the variety of tasks to be performed so that boredom is reduced and human resources are used effectively.
Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature.
Michael is the United Way pledge leader for his department. He gets along quite well with his coworkers. His pledge leader duties, with regard to specific steps to follow in asking coworkers for pledges and how to collect and report them, are clearly laid out for him in a United Way brochure. Which LPC style is best for this scenario?
Low LPC leaders are effective.
Michael is the United Way pledge leader for his department. He gets along quite well with his coworkers. His pledge leader duties, with regard to specific steps to follow in asking coworkers for pledges and how to collect and report them, are clearly laid out for him in a United Way brochure. Which LPC style is best for this scenario? Low LPC leaders are effective. High LPC leaders are effective. Medium LPC leaders are effective. Either low or high LPC leaders will be effective
Low LPC leaders are effective.
Which of the following is an issue to keep in mind with regard to maintaining an ethical environment in the firm? Monitoring employee online activity is a good way of creating an ethical climate. Use of video cameras in the workplace will make employees feel the firm cares about ethics. High levels of employee monitoring increases citizenship behaviors. Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
which of the following is an issue to keep in mind with regard to maintaining an ethical environment in the firm?
Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
Which of the following steps is the FIRST you should undertake in negotiating a higher salary?
Overcome your fear.
Which of the following statements regarding employee happiness at work is FALSE?
Pay is the most important aspect of job satisfaction.
Which of the following statements regarding employee happiness at work is FALSE? Personality is related to one's happiness at work. Develop good relationships at work. A fit between you and the company is important. Pay is the most important aspect of job satisfaction.
Pay is the most important aspect of job satisfaction.
Research suggests which of the following relationships between performance and turnover?
Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
Research suggests which of the following relationships between performance and turnover? Pay for performance systems have no impact on an employee's likelihood to turnover. The establishment of a pay for performance system in a company guarantees that high performers will stay in the firm. In general, good performers are more likely to leave a firm because other firms readily recognize their skills and actively seek their employment. Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Prior to 1993, IBM managed diversity by
Which of the following is the correct order of the phases in the creative decision-making model?
Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application
Which of the following is the correct order of the phases in the creative decision-making model? Problem identification, incubation, immersion, illumination, verification and application. Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application. Problem identification, illumination, immersion, incubation, verification and application. Problem identification, illumination, incubation, immersion, verification and application.
Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application.
In the sentence, "I did not tell the teacher you were cheating," if the word "I" was emphasized by the tone of your voice, what are you implying?
Someone else told the teacher you were cheating.
In the sentence, "I did not tell the teacher you were cheating," if the word "I" was emphasized by the tone of your voice, what are you implying? Someone else told the teacher you were cheating. I was talking about someone else. I told the teacher you were cheating. I may have implied it.
Someone else told the teacher you were cheating.
What does SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Aggressive, Realistic, Time-Bound
When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent?
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes
When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent? Step 5: Evaluate and maintain. Step 1: Identify behavior to modify. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. Step 2: Measure the baseline level.
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding team size and diversity is correct?
Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not
Gender discrimination is prohibited by which of the following laws? Age Discrimination Act Americans with Disabilities Act Title VII of the Civil Rights Act Occupational Safety and Health Act
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Which of the following statements regarding team size and diversity is correct? The more diverse the team, the more likely the team is to engage in groupthink. The rule of thumb for team size is between 10 and 20 members. Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not. Teams whose members have complementary skills are less successful than those with specialized skills.
Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not.
Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal body signals is true?
The American "ok" gesture would be inappropriate or offensive in Brazil or Russia.
Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal body signals is true? Hand waving indicates greetings in Europe just as it does in the United States. A "thumbs up" means five in Germany and one in Japan. The American "ok" gesture would be inappropriate or offensive in Brazil or Russia. The "hook 'em horns" gesture from the University of Texas means you are warding off evil in Italy.
The American "ok" gesture would be inappropriate or offensive in Brazil or Russia.
Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is INCORRECT?
The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is INCORRECT? The original objective of the MBTI was to aid World War II veterans in identifying the occupation that would suit their personalities. The MBTI relies on types, not traits. The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions. The MBTI classifies people into one of sixteen types.
The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
Which of the following statements regarding leadership and ethics is INCORRECT?
The contingency theories of leadership are explicit in noting the important role that ethics play in effective leadership.
Which of the following statements regarding leadership and ethics is INCORRECT? People in positions of authority are influential in driving others to ethical or unethical behaviors. Leaders with high levels of moral development create more ethical organizational climates. The contingency theories of leadership are explicit in noting the important role that ethics play in effective leadership. The level of ethical leadership shown is related to a willingness to report job related problems to the leader.
The contingency theories of leadership are explicit in noting the important role that ethics play in effective leadership.
Which of the following statements regarding Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model is INCORRECT?
The model views group development as a linear process.
Which of the following statements regarding Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model is INCORRECT? The model views group development as a linear process. Generally groups are static in their orientation. For most periods of time in groups, change is incremental. While disruption, chaos and conflict are seen as inevitable in a group, those events can represent opportunities for innovation.
The model views group development as a linear process.
Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is INCORRECT?
The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings
Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is INCORRECT? The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. Consensus requires more time to carry out, but it works well when support is needed for a plan. The Delphi technique is a group process using written responses to a series of questionnaires so individuals are not physically brought together to make a decision. Majority rule is simple, speedy and easy to use.
The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings.
which of the following statements regarding research on emotional contagion is INCORRECT?
The spillover from positive emotions lasts longer than that from negative emotions.
In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance?
The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.
In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance? The five team members never have a negative word to say to each other; there never seems to be any conflict on the team. The two members of the team are constantly bickering. One never says anything without the other disagreeing. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues. The three partners have an interesting relationship. Partner A is almost always in agreement with Partner B, but fights constantly with Partner C. Partners B and C get along at times and fight at times.
The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.
What impact did emotional awareness training have on employees at American Express?
The training increased sales.
Which of the following statements about case studies is true? They involve a study conducted under controlled conditions. They offer the researcher a very simple and effective way to generalize what worked in a single situation to many other situations. They are a technique employed by researchers to summarize what other researchers found on a topic. They are a way to gather data and explain an event or situation in detail
They are a way to gather data and explain an event or situation in detail.
which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders?
They have no set priorities
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders? They are not afraid to act they way they are. They understand where they are coming from. They have no set priorities. They have high levels of personal integrity.
They have no set priorities.
Which of the following statements about case studies is true?
They involve a study conducted under controlled conditions. They offer the researcher a very simple and effective way to generalize what worked in a single situation to many other situations. They are a technique employed by researchers to summarize what other researchers found on a topic. They are a way to gather data and explain an event or situation in detail.
In 2003, six people died from Hepatitis A and 660 were sickened after eating at Chi Chi's, a popular Mexican restaurant in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the days following the first death, the CEO of the Chi Chi's chain made a decision to have all restaurant workers and the restaurant itself tested to determine what established the dangerous conditions. (Eventually the hepatitis outbreak was traced to the green onions in the firm's salsa.) The decision to order such testing in the crisis situation is an example of
a nonprogrammed decision.
In 2003, six people died from Hepatitis A and 660 were sickened after eating at Chi Chi's, a popular Mexican restaurant in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the days following the first death, the CEO of the Chi Chi's chain made a decision to have all restaurant workers and the restaurant itself tested to determine what established the dangerous conditions. (Eventually the hepatitis outbreak was traced to the green onions in the firm's salsa.) The decision to order such testing in the crisis situation is an example of a programmed decision. a nonprogrammed decision. a decision rule. a tactical decision.
a nonprogrammed decision.
Marissa always seems to know who to talk to in her organization to get things done. When her immediate supervisor seemed less than enthusiastic about her proposal, she made sure to mention it to the manager in another department who shared it with his boss. Marissa was just approached about implementing her proposal. Marissa seems to have
a proactive personality.
Marissa always seems to know who to talk to in her organization to get things done. When her immediate supervisor seemed less than enthusiastic about her proposal, she made sure to mention it to the manager in another department who shared it with his boss. Marissa was just approached about implementing her proposal. Marissa seems to have low self-efficacy. a proactive personality. low self-esteem. an internal locus of control.
a proactive personality.
An entity that takes on different values is
a variable.
An entity that takes on different values is a hypothesis. a variable. a survey. a field study.
a variable.
Which of the following statements regarding communication and ethics is true? a. Ethical, forthright communication by an organization should occur internally as well as externally. b. During a crisis situation, a firm spokesperson's level in the organization is not relevant if the message is fair. c. Executives should not change their communication style based on the culture of their audiences as this would make people think they are inconsistent and unreliable. d. Exxon Oil is widely recognized as having been successful communicators during the Valdez incident.
a. Ethical, forthright communication by an organization should occur internally as well as externally.
Which of the following is the first phase of the negotiation process? a. investigation b. presentation c. determining BATNA d. bargaining
a. investigation
Scientific management's primary focus is goal setting. efficiency. flexibility. motivation.
efficiency.
Which of the following statements regarding ethics and teams is accurate? a. Research demonstrates that hierarchical systems always constrain team members more than a self- managed team does. b. Self- managed teams are viewed as a technique to overcome the negative aspects of bureaucracy. c. Team pressure is often less powerful than managerial control. d. Team pressure is unlikely to result in unethical behavior by team members.
b. Self- managed teams are viewed as a technique to overcome the negative aspects of bureaucracy.
Collective efficacy refers to: a. a tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group context. b. a group's perception of its ability to perform well. c. a group pressure phenomenon that increases the risk of the group making flawed decisions. d. the degree of camaraderie within the group.
b. a group's perception of its ability to perform well.
In the communication process model, the task of translating an idea into words is called: a. decoding b. encoding c. medium d. noise
b. encoding
What kind of stress is caused by factors that detract us from our goals and prevent personal growth? a. challenge stressors b. hindrance stressors
b. hindrance stressors
Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is also known as a. intrapersonal conflict b. interpersonal conflict. c. intergroup conflict. d. interdepartmental conflict.
b. interpersonal conflict.
Norms refer to: a. agreements on established ground rules, goals and roles. b. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. c. formal approaches to decision making in the group or team. d. measures of camaraderie in the group or team.
b. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team.
Individuals with an internal locus of control
believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
Individuals with an internal locus of control have an inclination to change the status quo. believe that what happens to them is their own doing. understand what the situation demands and act accordingly. feel that things happen to them because of luck.
believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
What are one-time rewards that follow specific accomplishments of employees?
bonuses
Revolutionary change in the punctuated equilibrium model occurs in _________, punctuated bursts
brief
Communication that is asynchronous: a. is written for one receiver but can be read by many b. is written for one receiver and read by one receiver c. is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver d. is written for many but often read by only a few
c. is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver
Problem-solving tasks: a. include actually making something such as a building, product or marketing plan. b. deal with creative tasks such as brainstorming a new direction or creating a new process. c. refer to coming up with plans for actions and making decisions. d. involve team members working on each task simultaneously.
c. refer to coming up with plans for actions and making decisions
The personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs is: a. filtering b. semantics c. selective perception d. information overload
c. selective perception
Forced ranking systems, like that established by General Electric
can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated.
Forced ranking systems, like that established by General Electric, provide employees with concrete feedback on what their goals are for next year. are beneficial to a firm if they are used in a consistent manner and for a long period of time. can lead to employee stagnation and a performance-aversive culture. can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated.
can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated.
What refers to the degree of camaraderie within a group?
cohesion
Which type of conflict is high in assertiveness and cooperation where both sides argue their positive, support it with facts, rationale, and listen intently to others?
collabortion
What refers to a group's perception of its ability to successfully perform well?
collective efficacy
What focuses on the degree to which the society reinforces collective over individual achievement?
collectivism
During the norming portion of the group development model, group members are much more _________________ to each other and the group's goal
committed
How we coordinate actions and achieve goals with others and how information is exchanged between individuals is called what?
communication
Which type of conflict is when people are exhibiting competitive behaviors to reach their goal regardless of what others say or feel?
competition
The United Auto Workers (UAW) and Ford Motor Company were negotiating a new agreement to address the auto industry woes during a severe economic downturn. Ford offered to consider delaying layoffs if the UAW agreed to changes in contractual work rules related to the jobs bank. This negotiation suggests the use of what conflict handling style?
compromise
The United Auto Workers (UAW) and Ford Motor Company were negotiating a new agreement to address the auto industry woes during a severe economic downturn. Ford offered to consider delaying layoffs if the UAW agreed to changes in contractual work rules related to the jobs bank. This negotiation suggests the use of what conflict handling style? avoidance collaboration accommodation compromise
compromise
Which type of conflict is middle-ground style and is when people have some desire to express their own concerns and get their way but still respect the other person's goals?
compromise
What is a process that involves people disagreeing?
conflict
To influence instrumentality, managers can
consistently reward high performers.
To influence instrumentality, managers can ensure that environment facilitates performance. give employees choice over rewards. consistently reward high performers. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference.
consistently reward high performers.
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT
effort leads to high performance. Answers: effort leads to high performance. rewards lead to high performance. rewards are valuable to the performer. high performance will be rewarded.
Which of the following statements regarding negotiations around the world is correct? a. American negotiators like to establish a strong relationship first while Chinese negotiators like to "get down to business". b. Japanese negotiators have a higher tolerance for conflict as a way of working through issues than their American counterparts. c. Japanese negotiators reveal more information during negotiations than their American counterparts. d. In collectivist cultures the use of deception during negotiations is more common than in individualistic cultures.
d. In collectivist cultures the use of deception during negotiations is more common than in individualistic cultures.
Which of the following is a middle-ground conflict-handling style characterized by an individual's desire to get his or her way but respect others' goals? a. competition b. avoidance c. accommodation d. compromise
d. compromise
An ideal way to close a group is to set aside time to ___________, acknowledge each other, and celebrate a job well done
debrief
Conflict can lead to (increased/decreased) productivity and satisfaction
decreased
Stress is caused by the interaction between ____________ and _______________
demands and resources
The triple bottom line refers to evaluating an organization on all of the following performance criteria but demographic. economic. social. environmental
demographic.
The triple bottom line refers to evaluating an organization on all of the following performance criteria but
demographic. economic. social. environmental.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?
direct pressure collective rationalizations illusion of vulnerability direct pressure illusions of unanimity
The traditional fixed-pie approach in which negotiators see the situation as a pie that they have to divide between them is referred to as what approach?
distributive approach
Rodney is a new project team leader. Jerome is chatting with him about some of the problems that could arise and prevent his team from being successful. Jerome offers all the following pieces of advice to overcome barriers to team success EXCEPT
dominant personalities can only help a group; let those that are the most vocal have their say
Rodney is a new project team leader. Jerome is chatting with him about some of the problems that could arise and prevent his team from being successful. Jerome offers all the following pieces of advice to overcome barriers to team success EXCEPT floundering often results from a lack of clear goals; clarify goals from the outset of the project. disagreements among team members may be the result of long simmering personality conflicts; be aware of them and be prepared to facilitate interaction between them. dominant personalities can only help a group; let those that are the most vocal have their say. poor performance by a group member could be due to a lack of ability; be prepared to train any group members needing it.
dominant personalities can only help a group; let those that are the most vocal have their say.
Scientific management's primary focus is
efficiency.
Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems. firms with pay-for-performance systems have higher customer service. eighty percent of all American companies use merit pay. pay-for-performance systems are more effective at retaining higher performing employees than praise or recognition systems.
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
Ingar Skaug, CEO of Wilhelmsen Lines, changed the decision-making style of his firm to one that
empowered employees to make their own decisions
Ingar Skaug, CEO of Wilhelmsen Lines, changed the decision-making style of his firm to one that gave him all the decision-making authority in his firm. empowered employees to make their own decisions. led his employees to think that he wanted their input but made the decisions himself. made decisions by consensus.
empowered employees to make their own decisions.
E_________________ teams have the responsibility as well as the authority to achieve their goals
empowerment
The removal of conditions that make a person powerless is referred to as what?
empowerment
Jason sent an email to his mother, "Ur never going 2 believe this. That prof gave me no credit for my paper. I h8 him." (with emoticons included). When his mother got the e-mail, it took her quite some time to decipher the message. Jason should have considered his audience when he _________ the message.
encoded
Jason sent an email to his mother, "Ur never going 2 believe this. That prof gave me no credit for my paper. I h8 him." (with emoticons included). When his mother got the e-mail, it took her quite some time to decipher the message. Jason should have considered his audience when he _________ the message. decoded validated received encoded
encoded
IBM has always been a pioneer in valuing and appreciating diversity in its workforce. Which of the following is NOT a program IBM instituted before legislation or public policy dictated it?
executive training programs for women
IBM has always been a pioneer in valuing and appreciating diversity in its workforce. Which of the following is NOT a program IBM instituted before legislation or public policy dictated it? gender pay equity women in executive positions family leave for all female employees executive training programs for women
executive training programs for women
Bill is the quarterback of his college football team. The team was 10-0, but lost this week after what Bill says was a very bad call by the referee. Bill seldom says anything about how the referees called any game, but he is very vocal about this one. You know that Bill works hard both on the field and off. You talk to other players on the team and they complain about the referee's call also. In this scenario, given what you know about the referee's call, you could explain Bill's behavior as internal attribution. external attribution. self-serving bias self-fulfilling prophecy.
external attribution.
Correct Bill is the quarterback of his college football team. The team was 10-0, but lost this week after what Bill says was a very bad call by the referee. Bill seldom says anything about how the referees called any game, but he is very vocal about this one. You know that Bill works hard both on the field and off. You talk to other players on the team and they complain about the referee's call also. In this scenario, given what you know about the referee's call, you could explain Bill's behavior as
external attribution.
The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness.
extraversion
The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness. conscientiousness agreeableness extraversion openness
extraversion
Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT
extraversion. conscientiousness. agreeableness. extraversion. openness.
Nick's roommate is attending a networking event for his business fraternity this weekend. He says, "Nick, you are so good at going up to someone and starting a conversation. You always seem to know what to do and what to say. You never seem awkward and you can talk to anyone about anything. I want to handle this networking event well—give me some tips." Nick seems to be very agreeable. conscientious. narcissistic. extraverted.
extraverted
Nick's roommate is attending a networking event for his business fraternity this weekend. He says, "Nick, you are so good at going up to someone and starting a conversation. You always seem to know what to do and what to say. You never seem awkward and you can talk to anyone about anything. I want to handle this networking event well—give me some tips." Nick seems to be very
extraverted.
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest
extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest when leaders are task oriented, employees are more satisfied. task oriented behaviors tend to be more effective in large companies. extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees. employees who work under people oriented leaders are more productive.
extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.
Michael is part of an organizational behavior project group. The group decided on the overall theme of its project and individual members are now completing specific sections of the project. Michael has been e-mailing Rachel almost every day asking her opinion on various parts of his section. The group tends to sit together in class and they have even decided to go out for coffee after class next Tuesday. What phase of group development is Michael's group in?
forming
The likelihood that findings in a given study would be found in another setting or study is reliability. validity. meta-analysis. generalizability.
generalizability
Mark has been the teachers' union representative for contract negotiations for the past five contracts. Today the school district presented a counterproposal in which they requested that teachers make a minimal contribution for their healthcare premiums. The expiring contract makes the school district entirely responsible for the premiums. Mark is outraged. He throws the proposal given him on the floor and yells at the school district representative as he exits the negotiation room, "This is a pure and simple insult to my members and I will not sit at a table with anyone who treats them so poorly." Mark is committing what negotiation mistake? having unrealistic expectations letting past negative outcomes impact the present ones getting overly emotional letting his ego get in the way
getting overly emotional
A positive outcome of conflict is that it creates (greater/lesser) creativity and better decisions
greater
Research suggests high levels of emotional intelligence lead to which of the following
greater propensity to perceive situations as challenges, not threats.
A __________ is a collection of individuals but different from teams in both scope and composition
group
a __________ is a collection of individuals who interact with each other to achieve common goals
group
NASA endured the Challenger disaster when group members conformed with top managers' decisions that launching the space shuttle in freezing temperatures was better than missing the launch window. This is an example of what group process?
groupthink
NASA endured the Challenger disaster when group members conformed with top managers' decisions that launching the space shuttle in freezing temperatures was better than missing the launch window. This is an example of what group process? social loafing cohesion collective efficacy groupthink
groupthink
The more diverse a team is in terms of expertise, gender, age, and background, the more ability the group has to avoid _________________
groupthink
What increases the risk of the group making flawed decisions by allowing reductions in mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment?
groupthink
Firms in the retail industry like Kronos have an incentive to find strong candidates for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
happy workers are productive workers.
Firms in the retail industry like Kronos have an incentive to find strong candidates for all of the following reasons EXCEPT replacing an employee is costly. high turnover endangers customer service. happy workers are productive workers. replacing employees is a time-consuming process.
happy workers are productive workers.
Role overload is
having insufficient time and resources to complete a job.
Mark works as the frozen food manager in a major grocery store chain. When his stock of two-pound bags of frozen shrimp gets down to two cases, he e-mails his warehouse to send ten cases to restock.
he "automated" ordering of ten cases when supply gets to two cases in the store is called a(n decision rule.
During the storming portion of the group development model, discussions can become ____________ and members can become defensive, competitive, or jealous
heated
face to face conversations, video conferencing, and phone conversations all have (high/low) information richness
high
Abdul tends to emphasize harmonious interpersonal relationships, prefers to be with friends, and enjoys family events. Abdul would probably be categorized as being
high in need for affiliation.
Abdul tends to emphasize harmonious interpersonal relationships, prefers to be with friends, and enjoys family events. Abdul would probably be categorized as being low in need for achievement. high in need for affiliation. high in need for power. low in need for affiliation.
high in need for affiliation.
Jennifer complains to her friends every Friday night about her job. Each week she tells them she is going to leave her company even though she has been working there for five years. Jennifer is likely to be
high in neuroticism.
Jennifer complains to her friends every Friday night about her job. Each week she tells them she is going to leave her company even though she has been working there for five years. Jennifer is likely to be high in conscientiousness. high in neuroticism. low in agreeableness. high in extraversion.
high in neuroticism.
A fashion designer who creates pieces for a large fashion house for a New York or Paris runway show has Selected Answer: high task identity.
high task identity
A fashion designer who creates pieces for a large fashion house for a New York or Paris runway show has high task identity. low task identity. low skill variety. low autonomy.
high task identity.
Sara's laptop started causing her problems. It was taking a long time to boot up, and froze unexpectedly a number of times. Now the laptop has shut down completely and she cannot get it started up again. One of the group members on her project said to Sara, "You should have gone for help when it started acting up, now you've affected all of us." This scenario is an example of what type of decision-making trap?
hindsight bias
Sara's laptop started causing her problems. It was taking a long time to boot up, and froze unexpectedly a number of times. Now the laptop has shut down completely and she cannot get it started up again. One of the group members on her project said to Sara, "You should have gone for help when it started acting up, now you've affected all of us." This scenario is an example of what type of decision-making trap? framing bias anchoring overconfidence bias hindsight bias
hindsight bias
General Adaptive Syndrome is
how events on the job cause different kinds of people to feel different emotions
What type of task deals with creative tasks?
idea-generation tasks
An example of extinction is
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
An example of extinction is nagging an employee to call a customer. suspending an employee for being late three days in a row. praising an employee for a well written report. ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
Prior to 1993, IBM managed diversity by ignoring differences and providing equal employment opportunities. minimizing differences and emphasizing similarities. emphasizing differences and opportunities. minimizing differences as deficiency and highlighting differences as opportunities.
ignoring differences and providing equal employment opportunities.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? collective rationalizations illusion of vulnerability direct pressure illusions of unanimity
illusion of vulnerability
Verbal communication should be used when
immediate feedback is needed.
Verbal communication should be used when immediate feedback is needed. conveying facts. ideas are complicated. no feedback is needed.
immediate feedback is needed.
The BATNA is the first phase of the negotiation process. a delaying tactic in negotiation. important to assisting you in deciding whether to accept an offer or not. the process of making concessions in negotiation.
important to assisting you in deciding whether to accept an offer or not.
A negative outcome of conflict is that it causes an (increase/decrease) in stress and anxiety among individuals
increase
A positive outcome of conflict is that it (decreases/increases) participation and creativity
increases
Change during the punctuated equilibrium periods are __________________ and is largely due to the resistance to change
incremental
Which of the following is a key level of analysis investigated in Organizational Behavior
individual
Which of the following is a key level of analysis investigated in Organizational Behavior industry. individual. meta. society.
individual
Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that
individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates
Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates. individuals high in need for affiliation are especially effective at providing critical feedback to employees. individuals high in need for power have difficulties disciplining poor performers. individuals high in need for achievement are especially effective at coaching and meeting with subordinates.
individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates.
What is the difference between informal and formal groups?
informal - made up of 2 or more individuals, associated with one another formal - managers, subordinates in association with group members that influence individuals within the group
Martha's mom asks her to go to the grocery store for her. Martha agrees and heads upstairs to get ready. Before she leaves her house, she sits down at her desk to check her e-mail and receives a text message from her friend Nancy to turn on the television and see the story about their friend, Jill. As the story about Jill comes on, Martha's mom comes in and asks Martha to get her an eight-ounce can of diced tomatoes. Martha smiles at Mom and nods and listens to the story on television as she e-mails Sandra and picks up her phone to text Nancy. When Martha gets to the store, she heads to the tomato aisle and stands in front of the pureed tomatoes trying to remember if mom wanted an 8- or 16-ounce can. This scenario depicts which barrier to communication?
information overload
Communication that is asynchronous is written for one receiver, but can be read by many. is written for one receiver and read by one receiver. is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver. is written for many but often read by only a few
is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.
If you say to yourself, "As soon as I finish reading this chapter in my textbook, I am going to play Guitar Hero for an hour," this specific goal has motivated you because
it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal.
Martha's mom asks her to go to the grocery store for her. Martha agrees and heads upstairs to get ready. Before she leaves her house, she sits down at her desk to check her e-mail and receives a text message from her friend Nancy to turn on the television and see the story about their friend, Jill. As the story about Jill comes on, Martha's mom comes in and asks Martha to get her an eight-ounce can of diced tomatoes. Martha smiles at Mom and nods and listens to the story on television as she e-mails Sandra and picks up her phone to text Nancy. When Martha gets to the store, she heads to the tomato aisle and stands in front of the pureed tomatoes trying to remember if mom wanted an 8- or 16-ounce can. This scenario depicts which barrier to communication? filtering selective perception semantics information overload
information overload
One barrier to effective communication is when the information processing demands exceed the supply or capacity for such processing. This is referred to as ____________________ ______________
information overload
Effective managers tend to use more
information-rich channels
Effective managers tend to use more information-rich channels. verbal channels. written channels. nonverbal channels.
information-rich channels.
Which is the most stressful job in America as noted in a 2008 Health magazine
inner city high school teacher
An approach to negotiation in which both parties look for ways to integrate their goals under a large umbrella is known as what?
integrative approach
If both parties to a budget negotiation seek to expand the overall budget so that each party gets more, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy? integrative approach accommodating approach distributive approach concession approach
integrative approach
Conflict between two people is known as ________personal conflict
inter
Relational crafting refers to changing the quality and amount of _________________ involved with other people
interactions
Conflict that takes a place among different groups, unions, companies, and managements is known as ________________ conflict
intergroup
Nancy and Mary are in the same sorority. Nancy is running for the university's student government treasurer position. Mary says, "I'll never vote for her, whether she is my sister or not." Mary is experiencing what kind of conflict?
interpersonal
Nancy and Mary are in the same sorority. Nancy is running for the university's student government treasurer position. Mary says, "I'll never vote for her, whether she is my sister or not." Mary is experiencing what kind of conflict? interpersonal intergroup intrapersonal interdependent
interpersonal
Conflict that is within a person is known as _________personal conflict
intra
Susan is a paramedic for the county ambulance service. Yesterday there was a terrible accident on the interstate when a bus carrying senior citizens to an Atlantic City casino was struck by a small dump truck as the truck tried to change lanes. Fifteen of the bus riders were killed and 25 injured. As Susan arrived on the scene to perform triage on the accident victims, she quickly made decisions as to which victims needed immediate care and who could wait. Susan was using what decision-making model in making these stressful decisions?
intuitive decision-making model
Susan is a paramedic for the county ambulance service. Yesterday there was a terrible accident on the interstate when a bus carrying senior citizens to an Atlantic City casino was struck by a small dump truck as the truck tried to change lanes. Fifteen of the bus riders were killed and 25 injured. As Susan arrived on the scene to perform triage on the accident victims, she quickly made decisions as to which victims needed immediate care and who could wait. Susan was using what decision-making model in making these stressful decisions? bounded rationality model of decision making creative decision-making model intuitive decision-making model rational decision-making model
intuitive decision-making model
Overconfidence bias
is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that problems are framed. is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that problems are framed. occurs when looking backward in time where mistakes seem obvious after they have already occurred. refers to the tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events.
The glass ceiling
is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies.
The glass ceiling is based on a faultline in the employee workgroup. is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies. is an issue that was a problem until a decade ago. is the result of the less effective leadership styles practiced by women.
is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies.
Communication that is asynchronous
is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver
If you say to yourself, "As soon as I finish reading this chapter in my textbook, I am going to play Guitar Hero for an hour," this specific goal has motivated you because it has given you direction. it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal. it has provided you with self esteem. it has caused you to re-think how you are working.
it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal.
Research on procedural justice suggests
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
Research on procedural justice suggests it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
According to the authors of Organizational Behavior, a company's greatest asset is
its people.
According to the authors of Organizational Behavior, a company's greatest asset is : its product. its financial resources. its people. its location.
its people.
What is a benefit of jargon?
its quicker to send information, shows expertise
Language of specialized terms that are used by a group or profession is called what?
jargon
What refers to changes employees make to their own job description?
job crafting
All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT
job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.
All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection. there are mixed feelings as to whether candidates' faking responses on personality tests is a serious problem. self-reporting measures of personality may not be the best way to measure personality. personality is a better predictor of job satisfaction than job performance.
job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.
Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of
job rotation.
Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of job specialization. job enrichment. job enlargement. job rotation.
job rotation.
Which of the following was a challenge that the IBM diversity task force on African American employees found to be a concern?
lack of networking
Which of the following was a challenge that the IBM diversity task force on African American employees found to be a concern? work/life management challenges lack of networking insufficient health plan coverage lack of participation in decision making
lack of networking
Indra Nooyi has proven to be an effective leader for PepsiCo since she took over the firm in 2006. She exhibits all of the following leadership qualities EXCEPT
laid-back performance standards and style.
Indra Nooyi has proven to be an effective leader for PepsiCo since she took over the firm in 2006. She exhibits all of the following leadership qualities EXCEPT vision. charisma. proven track record in the industry. laid-back performance standards and style.
laid-back performance standards and style.
The act of influencing others toward a goal is leadership. charisma. power. motivation.
leadership
The act of influencing others toward a goal is
leadership.
Escalation of commitment occurs because
strict "turn back" points have been established decision makers do not want to admit they were wrong. strict "turn back" points have been established. persistence pays off. decision makers lack personal pride
Mark has been the teachers' union representative for contract negotiations for the past five contracts. Today the school district presented a counterproposal in which they requested that teachers make a minimal contribution for their healthcare premiums. The expiring contract makes the school district entirely responsible for the premiums. Mark is outraged. He throws the proposal given him on the floor and yells at the school district representative as he exits the negotiation room, "This is a pure and simple insult to my members and I will not sit at a table with anyone who treats them so poorly." Mark is committing what negotiation mistake?
letting past negative outcomes impact the present ones having unrealistic expectations letting past negative outcomes impact the present ones getting overly emotional letting his ego get in the way
Matthew and Jim are next-door neighbors and their sons are best friends. Matthew and Jim take the boys on many father-son outings. Matthew is Jim's boss at ABC Corporation. Jim gets high ratings from Matthew. There may be bias in those ratings due to leniency. stereotypes. contrast. liking.
liking
Matthew and Jim are next-door neighbors and their sons are best friends. Matthew and Jim take the boys on many father-son outings. Matthew is Jim's boss at ABC Corporation. Jim gets high ratings from Matthew. There may be bias in those ratings due to
liking.
A Type B personality displays which of the following characteristics?
logical decision making.
formal written documents and spreadsheets are examples of (high/low) information richness
low
A cross-functional team appears in __________ organizations where individuals from different parts of the organization staff the team which may be temporary or long standing in nature
matrix
What is it called when an outside third party (mediator) enters the situation with the goal of assisting parties in reaching an agreement?
mediation
What is an obstacle of jargon?
messages can be obscured
Conflict can create a climate of _____________
mistrust
Research on effective teams indicates that they experience
moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.
Research on effective teams indicates that they experience high levels of relationship conflict. moderate levels of process conflict at the beginning of the project timeline. moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline. moderate levels of relationship conflict and high levels of process conflict.
moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.
In collectivistic cultures, the use of deception in negotiations is (less/more) common
more
Lauren takes a personality survey and finds she strongly exhibits the trait of agreeableness. She might be described as being
nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind
Lauren takes a personality survey and finds she strongly exhibits the trait of agreeableness. She might be described as being organized, punctual, systematic and dependable. nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind. outgoing, talkative, and sociable. curious, creative and original.
nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind.
A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus. If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the university's computer system keeps shutting down on them as they read the syllabus, the students are dealing with what aspect of the communication model?
noise
A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." message medium feedback noise
noise
What are shared expectations about how things operate within a group and are a powerful way of ensuring coordination within a team?
norms
Overconfidence bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that problems are framed. occurs when looking backward in time where mistakes seem obvious after they have already occurred. refers to the tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events.
occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events.
Maurice is described as "very curious. He has very original thoughts. He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of
openness.
Maurice is described as "very curious. He has very original thoughts. He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of extraversion. agreeableness. conscientiousness. openness.
openness.
Which of the following steps is the FIRST you should undertake in negotiating a higher salary? Overcome your fear. Get the facts. Know what you want. Be assertive.
overcome your fear
Research on job characteristics indicate that
people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills.
Research on job characteristics indicate that people with a minimal variety of skills are always less satisfied with their job. people with autonomy on their job are always more satisfied with their job. all people want feedback on their jobs. people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills.
people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills.
What is a process where employee performance is measured and then communicated to the employee?
performance appraisal
What are methods that organizations use to support and improve employee performance?
performance management
Michael is part of an organizational behavior project group. The group decided on the overall theme of its project and individual members are now completing specific sections of the project. Michael has been e-mailing Rachel almost every day asking her opinion on various parts of his section. The group tends to sit together in class and they have even decided to go out for coffee after class next Tuesday. What phase of group development is Michael's group in? storming adjourning forming performing
performing
Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT
performing the duties in one's job description.
Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT working voluntary overtime. assisting new employees. speaking positively about the organization. performing the duties in one's job description.
performing the duties in one's job description.
What focuses on how power is distributed throughout society?
power distance
What tries to convey a newsworthy message?
press releases
Tasks that include coming up with plans for actions and making decisions is what type of task?
problem-solving tasks
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT
produce higher quality work
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT steal. begin to arrive at work late. quit. produce higher quality work.
produce higher quality work.
Hank is part of a team doing engineering design on a new hybrid automobile. Hank's team has completed designing the vehicle. His team is now ready to hand off to another team who will be dealing with _____________ tasks.
production
Hank is part of a team doing engineering design on a new hybrid automobile. Hank's team has completed designing the vehicle. His team is now ready to hand off to another team who will be dealing with _____________ tasks. development production idea generation problem
production
What type of task includes actually making something?
productive tasks
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against employees older than 65. prohibits discrimination against employees age 40 or older. prohibits discrimination against employees only with regard to pay. is seldom cited in lawsuits as age discrimination is largely absent from the American workplace.
prohibits discrimination against employees age 40 or older.
The Americans with Disabilities Act
prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation.
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires a firm to hire individuals with disabilities. requires a firm to interview individuals with disabilities. prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical disabilities. prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation.
prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation.
During the adjourning stage, many groups or teams are ___________-oriented and temporary
project
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?
promotion opportunities.
What is known as a personal resource consisting of four independent traits: efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience?
psychological capital (PsyCap)
What model suggests that groups remain fairly static, maintaining a certain equilibrium for long periods of time?
punctuated equilibrium
Structural empowerment
refers to making a person powerless.
Structural empowerment refers to making a person powerless. is the degree to which a person has higher order needs such as esteem and self-actualization. refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively. is the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively.
The likelihood that findings in a given study would be found in another setting or study is
reliability. validity. meta-analysis. generalizability.
Natalia administered the test to the job candidate three different times. She is looking at the scores and sees that they are 85, 87 and 85 out of 100. She notes that the scores are fairly consistent or valid. reliable. strong. relevant.
reliable
Natalia administered the test to the job candidate three different times. She is looking at the scores and sees that they are 85, 87 and 85 out of 100. She notes that the scores are fairly consistent or
reliable.
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT effort leads to high performance. rewards lead to high performance. rewards are valuable to the performer. high performance will be rewarded.
rewards are valuable to the performer.
Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing
role conflict.
Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing interpersonal conflict. role ambiguity. role conflict. group conflict.
role conflict.
Joe was diagnosed with cancer six months ago. He is back at work between chemotherapy treatments but is unable to work more than four hours per day. Diego has been covering all Joe's assignments that extend beyond Joe's four-hour day as well as covering the regular tasks of his own eight-hour shift. Diego is likely experiencing
role overload.
What kind of stress is the inability to let go of past events and obsessively thinking about them?
rumination
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? promotion opportunities. interesting work. salary. achievement.
salary
Which of the following terms is an example to biased language?
salesman
Which of the following terms is an example to biased language? salesman cleaner nurse engineer
salesman
Early experiences are important influences over dominant values. If Sharon was raised by an aunt because her parents had both died when she was ten, she most likely would see what value as central to her life?
security
Early experiences are important influences over dominant values. If Sharon was raised by an aunt because her parents had both died when she was ten, she most likely would see what value as central to her life? an exciting life security self-respect forgiveness
security
Filtering information to suit our own needs, often done unconsciously, is called what?
selective perception
Martin is the financial director of the small business. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The barrier facing Martin in this scenario is
selective perception.
Martin is the financial director of the small business. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The barrier facing Martin in this scenario is filtering. selective perception. emotional disconnects. semantics.
selective perception.
Teams that manage themselves and do not report directly to a supervisor, they select their own leader, and shares equal responsibility, this is what type of team?
self-managed team
The meaning of a word or phrase is known as what?
semantics
What are some factors affecting group cohesion?
similarity, stability, size, support, satisfaction
research on downsizing indicates all of the following to be true about downsizing EXCEPT
since 1980, the service industry has accounted for the largest average percentage of firms which downsized five or more percent of their workforces
The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? safety self-actualization social physiological
social
the collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
social
The storming portion of the group development model is when participants shed ___________ _______________ and become more authentic and more argumentative
social facades
The lesson learned from PointCast is
social issues in negotiation can be deal-breakers.
The lesson learned from PointCast is social issues in negotiation can be deal-breakers. take the first offer you are presented. financial issues always make or break a deal. unless you have to disclose something, don't.
social issues in negotiation can be deal-breakers.
The Ringelmann effect is also known as
social loafing
What refers to the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group context?
social loafing
The Ringelmann effect is also known as group cohesion. collective efficacy. social loafing. groupthink.
social loafing.
What helps to construct common meanings for individuals and can clarify key values and demonstrate how things are done?
storytelling
Antonio, Alpha Company's marketing manager, will be listening to the advertising pitches from the final four firms today as he chooses the television ad campaign for his product for the fall season. Antonio is making a(n)
tactical decision
Antonio, Alpha Company's marketing manager, will be listening to the advertising pitches from the final four firms today as he chooses the television ad campaign for his product for the fall season. Antonio is making a(n) programmed decision. strategic decision. tactical decision. operational decision.
tactical decision
Escalation of commitment occurs because decision makers do not want to admit they were wrong. strict "turn back" points have been established. persistence pays off. decision makers lack personal pride.
tactical decision
What is a temporary team which is asked to address a specific issue or problem until it is resolved?
task force
What refers to the degree that team members are dependent on one another to get information, support, or materials from other members?
task interdependence
What are the 3 team roles?
task roles, social roles, boundary-spanning roles
A ________ is a particular type of group: a cohesive coalition of people working together to achieve mutual goals
team
Bonuses given to employees are tied to team performance are called what?
team bonuses
What establishes the rules team members must follow?
team contract
What are some components of team contracts?
team values and goals, team roles and leadership, team communication, team performance
All of the following statements regarding telecommuting are correct EXCEPT
telecommuting is a universally effective process; regardless of job or employee, it is effective.
Which of the following would freeze a conversation?
telling the other person what to do
Which of the following would freeze a conversation? giving praise asking questions empathizing with the other person telling the other person what to do
telling the other person what to do
High social monitors
tend to be more successful in their careers.
Hypotheses are
tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.
Hypotheses are entities that take on different values. research tools that elicit respondents' reactions to specific questions. the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis. tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.
tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.
When the goal of the decision making exercise is to make a satisfactory decision because you are limited in some way such as time, you should utilize
the bounded rationality decision-making model.
When the goal of the decision making exercise is to make a satisfactory decision because you are limited in some way such as time, you should utilize the rational decision-making model. the intuitive decision-making model. the bounded rationality decision-making model. the creative decision-making model.
the bounded rationality decision-making model.
Esteem needs are
the desire to feel important
Esteem needs are the need to bond with other human beings. the desire to form lasting attachments. the desire to feel important. the freedom from an uncertain future.
the desire to feel important.
whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.
the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills.
Motivation is
the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.
Motivation is having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. a function of performance, ability and environment. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. the only key to high performance.
the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.
Mark works as the frozen food manager in a major grocery store chain. When his stock of two-pound bags of frozen shrimp gets down to two cases, he e-mails his warehouse to send ten cases to restock. consensus decision. decision rule. alternative. anchor.
the minimum criteria are clear
The bounded rationality model should be used to make decisions when the minimum criteria are clear. the decision is important. there is time pressure. new solutions need to be generated.
the minimum criteria are clear
A mediator should enter a negotiation when
the parties are unable to find a solution.
A mediator should enter a negotiation when personal differences are detected. the parties are only talking for short periods of time and tension is rising. the parties are unable to find a solution. a quick resolution is desired but not imperative.
the parties are unable to find a solution.
The BATNA is
the process of making concessions in negotiation.
Meta-analysis is
the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics
Meta-analysis is a study with a group that receives a treatment and a comparison group that receives no treatment. a study conducted in an actual organization. the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics. an in-depth analysis of a single industry or company.
the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics.
Sociology is the systematic study of group and team processes. the systematic study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. the systematic study of the processes by which groups of people make decisions. the systematic study of the processes in the organization and workplace that improve the performance and well being of people.
the systematic study of group and team processes.
Sociology is
the systematic study of group and team processes. the systematic study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. the systematic study of the processes by which groups of people make decisions. the systematic study of the processes in the organization and workplace that improve the performance and well being of people.
Self-enhancement bias is
the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us.
Self-enhancement bias is the tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities, and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light. the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us. the overestimation of how similar we are to other people. the process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli.
the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us.
Validity is
the truth of a measurement.
Validity is an entity that can take on different values. the consistency in measurement. the strength of the relationship between two variables. the truth of a measurement.
the truth of a measurement.
In analyzing the data, the researcher notes that as employee absences increase, scores on performance evaluations decrease. This suggests
there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance.
In analyzing the data, the researcher notes that as employee absences increase, scores on performance evaluations decrease. This suggests there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance. employee absence causes poor performance. employee absence is a reliable measure. employee performance is a valid measure.
there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance.
The bounded rationality model should be used to make decisions when
there is time pressure
Cognitive crafting refers to changing the way people _________ about their job
think
Which of the following employees is more likely to turnover?
those who have negative work attitudes
Which of the following employees is more likely to turnover? those who have been in the company for a long time. those who have negative work attitudes those who have a low deal of stress those who are high performers.
those who have negative work attitudes
What is defined as the development of tools or techniques that help to make us more productive when we work?
time management
The "corporate athlete approach" to stress is
to train mind and body to perform at peak levels by using better nutrition, and positive action.
When the manager serves as team leader and assigns work to other members and managers have power to hire and fire team members, this is what type of team?
traditional manager-led teams
Malcolm is the manager of his department. After performance evaluations, he gives those who have met their goals for the year a pay raise. He gives his employees their assignments and leaves them to do their work but does monitor them so that if he notices a potential problem, it gets resolved before causing difficulties. What kind of contemporary leadership style is Malcolm demonstrating?
transactional leadership
Malcolm is the manager of his department. After performance evaluations, he gives those who have met their goals for the year a pay raise. He gives his employees their assignments and leaves them to do their work but does monitor them so that if he notices a potential problem, it gets resolved before causing difficulties. What kind of contemporary leadership style is Malcolm demonstrating? directive leadership transformational leadership transactional leadership laissez-faire leadership
transactional leadership
While the encoder _______________ the idea into words, the decoder __________ meaning to the words
translates, assigns
The forming portion of the group development model has 2 goals which are what?
trying to get to know each other, discovering how the group will work
Which type of personality displays high levels of speed/impatience, job involvement, and hard-driving competitiveness?
type A
Which type of personality are calmer by nature and they think through situations as opposed to reacting emotionally and usually have lower stress levels?
type B
Role ambiguity is
vagueness in relation to job responsibilities.
Which type of team is where members are not located in the same space?
virtual team
What can influence collective efficacy?
watching others, verbal persuasion, how a person feels
Study findings on personality indicate we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40. personality is the primary predictor of work behavior. although personality impacts us during our youth it has no lasting consequences for us. although it is interesting information, employee personality has relatively little impact on placing individuals in jobs.
we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40.
What combines elements of public relations, advertising, and editorial content to reaching people receivers on multiple levels and in multiple ways?
web pages
Which of the following would be conditions under which SMART goals would be effective relative to other times?
when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers
Which of the following would be conditions under which SMART goals would be effective relative to other times? when managers have clearly established goals without employee input when employees feel the skill sets needed to perform a goal-oriented task need to be upgraded when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers when managers provide feedback to employees on a very irregular basis, if at all
when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers
In which scenario would directive leadership be most effective?
when employees have an external locus of control
In which scenario would directive leadership be most effective? when employees have low role ambiguity when employees have high abilities when employees have an internal locus of control when employees have an external locus of control
when employees have an external locus of control
Task significance is the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.
Companies can reduce the temptation to behave unethically by
withholding rewards from those who are demonstrating unethical behaviors.
Companies can reduce the temptation to behave unethically by rewarding only those who reach high goals. rewarding everyone including those who completely missed their goals. withholding rewards from those who are demonstrating unethical behaviors. providing small recognitions for all behaviors even if the behavior has unethical overtones so that no employee feels like he has been singled out.
withholding rewards from those who are demonstrating unethical behaviors.
Sleep research on stress indicates all of the following EXCEPT
workers who miss work because of exhaustion become rejuvenated and face less stress upon their return to work.
What is a barrier to effective communication also known as a grapevine?
workplace gossip
Marcus wants a record of his communication and is not physically near the person to whom he is communicating. He knows it will take the recipient of his communication some time to understand the message conveyed. What communication channel should Marcus utilize?
written report
Marcus wants a record of his communication and is not physically near the person to whom he is communicating. He knows it will take the recipient of his communication some time to understand the message conveyed. What communication channel should Marcus utilize? written report meeting telephone conversation blog
written report
T/F Physically active breaks lead to enhanced mental concentration and decreased mental fatigue
True
T/F Research shows that entrepreneurs who are leading new enterprises experience low levels of stress
True
What theory explores how events on the job lead to different emotions?
Affective Events Theory (AET)
T/F The communication process is very complex, and thus presents almost insurmountable challenges to understanding and controlling it.
False
T/F The old adage "Have a good cry" is great advice to deal with stress that has built up in an individual.
False
T/F Studies have shown that workaholics experience lower levels of burnout, work-life conflict, stress, and worse health outcomes
False, higher
T/F Traditionally, the rater is the employee
False, the rater is the supervisor
T/F Work-life conflict has steadily decreased in prevalence
False. Increased
Japanese employees work an average of 236 less hours per year than Americans and 500 less hours than employees in France or Germany
False. More
T/F Selective perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs.
True
T/F Stress-related issues cost companies billions of dollars annually due to absenteeism, lost productivity, and accidents.
True
T/F Stressed individuals have lower organizational commitment than those who are less stressed
True
T/F Americans are more likely to be emoployed and work longer hours than Europeans
True
T/F Americans have 16.5 hours per week of leisure time after their work and household obligations are fulfilled
True
T/F Challenge stressors have been shown to relate to increased engagement and performance
True
T/F Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.
True
T/F Conducting one-on-one meetings on a bi-weekly basis is a useful practice that supplements the feedback provided in the formal review
True
T/F Goal-setting theory is one of the most influential theories of motivation
True
T/F Individuals who feel a greater sense of control at work deal with stress more effectively both in the United States and in Hong Kong
True
What occurs when the demands from work and non-work domains are negatively affecting one another?
Work-life conflict
What kind of stress refers to demands and circumstances that cause stress but that also promote individual growth? a. challenge stressors b. hindrance stressors
a. challenge stressors
Which of the following is NOT an emotion that is part of the Affective Events Theory? a. jealousy b. surprise c. anger d. fear
a. jealousy
What refers to conflict facing contradictory demands at work? a. role conflict b. role ambiguity c role overload
a. role conflict
What refers to vagueness about what our responsibilities are? a. role conflict b. role ambiguity c. role overload
b. role ambiguity
What refers to the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
b. task identity
What refers to whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
b. task significance
Job enlargement reduces _____________ and monotony
boredom
What is an ongoing negative emotional state resulting from dissatisfaction?
burnout
What refers to the degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work? a. skill variety b. task significance c. feedback d. autonomy
c. feedback
Which of the following is true? a. job rotation creates an unaffective way for employees to acquire new skills b. job rotation increases the monotonous aspects of a job c. job rotation proves a way to transfer knowledge between departments
c. job rotation proves a way to transfer knowledge between departments
What are some benefits of job enrichment?
can reduce turnover and absences, increases productivity, and can increase performance
What is a mismatch among emotions, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior?
cognitive dissonance
Task crafting refers to changing the ____________ of the job
content
What is the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his or her tasks? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
d. autonomy
Job design is the primary influencer over which of the following? a. commitment to organization b. employee motivation c. absenteeism and turnover d. job satisfaction e. all of the above
e. all of the above
In Western countries, empowering employees is an (ineffective/effective) method of motivating them
effective
A short, intense feeling resulting from an event is known as what?
emotion
An affect-driven behavior occurs when ____________ trigger you to respond in a particular way
emotions
Surface acting refers to displaying _____________ signs such as smiling, and reflecting emotions
emotions
What is a method that motivates employees through awards, plaques, or other symbolic methods of recognition?
employee recognition awards
Ensuring that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee's side of the story is heard is known as what?
fair hearing
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model predicts that when there is a threat to the individual's natural balance, the body responds with a "__________ ______ ___________" response
fight or flight
What is a companywide program in which employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance?
gainsharing
What allows workers to have more control over how their perform their own tasks?
job enrichment
What involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals?
job rotation
What breaks down jobs into their simplest components and assigns tasks so each employee performs a number of tasks in a repetitive manner?
job specialization
What kind of pay involves giving employees a permanent pay raise based on past performance?
merit pay
What refers to paying complete attention to one's own feelings without reaction or judgment?
mindfulness
American employees respond (negatively/positively) to goals when they are perceived to be extremely difficult, but Chinese employees were more motivated by difficult goals
negatively
What gives an employee the right, but not the obligation, to purchase company stocks at a predetermined price?
stock option
What involves finding meaning in a seemingly negative life event?
positive reappraisal
Employees in the US, Mexico, and Poland respond (negatively/positively) to empowerment, but Indian employees are actually less satisfied when empowered
positively
Deep acting refers to ________________ to experience emotions
pretending
What programs involves sharing a percentage of company profits with all employees?
profit sharing
What are EAP's?
programs offered to workers to help them deal with crises in the workplace and elsewhere
Job rotation (increases/reduces) the monotonous aspects of a job
reduces
What is defined as having insufficient time and resources to complete a job? a. role conflict b. role ambiguity c. role overload
role overload
What is defined as the body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental, or emotional adjustment or response?
stress
