chapter 6 OCE HW

Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface?

A column of cool, dense air

Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface?

A column of warm, less dense air

Earth's breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions?

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions?

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions?

Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

What type of force is the Coriolis effect?

Fictitious

The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?

From northeast to southwest

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?

From northeast to southwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere

From northwest to southeast

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:

Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:

Sea breeze

Which of the following statements regarding sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico during the time period covered by the animation is correct?

Sea-surface temperature decreased after the passage of Hurricane Katrina due to the latent heat of condensation.

Which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater?

Slush; Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Sea Ice

The oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open water with low sea surface temperature in the summer is:

Subpolar

Which of the following climatic regions exists at the following location: Latitude: 60°S Longitude: 170°W?

Subpolar

Which of the following climatic regions exists at the following location: Latitude: 30°S Longitude: 80°E?

Subtropical

Which of the following climatic regions exists at the following location: Latitude: 40°S Longitude: 20°W?

Subtropical

The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:

Summer solstice

Of the following statements about the trade winds, which is/are true?

Trade winds are strong and steady Trade winds generally Blow from east to west The trade winds are found between about 5 and 30 degrees north or south latitude.

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:

Troposphere

Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?

Vortex

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the anatomy of a hurricane?

Warm, moist air rises from the ocean surface, creating a low pressure system. Torrential rain and thunderstorms are common within the spiral rain bands. Air moves from high to low pressure and curves to the right due to the Coriolis effect in the Northern Hemisphere.

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction?

Wind from the north pole would move to the southeast, and the wind from the south pole would move to the northeast.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in atmospheric pressure?

balloon

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:

be deflected toward the east.

Which of the following locations has/have the potential to reliably harness wind power as a renewable energy source? Choose all that apply.

between 5 and 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________.

cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land.

Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

down, and in a clockwise direction

When would you expect the low-pressure cell over the North Pole to be most developed?

during the Northern Hemisphere winter

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is:

greater

What drives Hadley cell circulation?

heating from the Sun

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________.

the insulating nature of the ice itself

Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that __________.

the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes

All the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except :

warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.

The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.

warm moist; upward

What conditions are required for a hurricane to form?

warm ocean temperatures the Coriolis effect

The temperate regions are characterized by:

westerly winds

The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere?

winter

What two features are many of Earth's deserts associated with?

the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents

What is the December solstice?

the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly away from the Sun

What is the June solstice?

the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly toward the Sun

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:

to the right of their original direction.

The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is:

tropical

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

in a counterclockwise direction

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.

in the afternoon; at night

Where are Hadley cells found?

in the atmosphere near the equator

How does air move near the top of a cyclone?

in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere

The strength of a hurricane stems from water's:

latent heat of condensation

Where are tropical cyclones found?

lower and middle latitudes

Typically, the United States is influenced more by ________ air masses during the winter and more by ________ air masses during the summer.

polar; tropical

Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________.

re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating?

south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:

temperature and water vapor content.

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation?

the Coriolis effect

What did the NASA satellite measure as it made passes above Hurricane Arthur in 2014?

the extent and intensity of the rain bands

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the Coriolis effect?

-In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the left of its intended direction. -In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the right of its intended direction.

The organized, denser portion of Hurricane Katrina (not including the wispy outer spiral bands) was:

900 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M.

At what latitude(s) on Earth is the speed of rotation the greatest?

0 degrees

The polar front is labeled number:

1 (top of globe,60 degrees)

At what wind speed does a tropical storm become a hurricane?

120 kilometers (74 miles) per hour

A hurricane blows onto the East Coast of the United States on September 16, 2017. The maximum sustained wind speed is 176 kilometers (109 miles) per hour and the sea level height is pushed 2.3 meters (7.5 feet) above normal. What category is this hurricane?

2

The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns?

2

The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number:

2

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ________.

23.5

A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, dry, clear, fair weather with little precipitation occurs in which of the following regions?

30 degrees

The prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions?

30 to 60 degrees

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:

30%

Storms are most common in which of the following regions?

30-60 degrees

What category hurricane was Ike?

4

How big can the diameter of a hurricane become?

500 miles

A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions?

60 degrees

The polar front occurs in which of the following regions?

60 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions?

60-90 degrees

Why is warm, moist air considered the "fuel" for a hurricane?

Air cools as it rises. As air cools, water vapor will condense out as liquid water. Condensation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane.

Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in anticyclones undergoes warming as the air descend

Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like?

Air is Cool and dry

The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________.

Albedo

Of the following statements about the tilt of Earth's axis, which one is true? Select only one answer.

An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.

Where does the length of day remain the same throughout the year?

At the equator

Hurricane Katrina moved 425 km during which of these time periods?

August 28 at 10 A.M. to August 29 at 10 A.M.

Light and variable winds, warm and humid conditions, and frequent rainfall are characteristic of __________ oceanic climate zones.

Equatorial

A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an:

Cold front

A zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively __________ air aloft.

Cool, dry

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast?

Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:

Counterclockwise

Which of the following statements regarding moving air is/are true?

Cyclonic flow is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. The movement of air is called wind. Air always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Due to the Coriolis effect, objects are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

Which of the following countries is the world leader (by percentage of its energy use) in wind power?

Denmark

Which of the following characteristics of Earth's relationship to the Sun explains the existence of Earth's seasons?

Earth orbits around the Sun, completing one orbit each year. Earth's axis always points in the same direction relative to the stars. Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane Earth spins on its axis, completing one rotation each day.

Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because __________.

Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun

How do high pressure systems behave in the Northern Hemisphere?

High pressure systems rotate clockwise due to air turning to the right as it moves from high pressure to low pressure.

As discussed in the video, air always moves from _____ atmospheric pressure regions to _____ atmospheric pressure regions.

High, low

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

Higher salinity

Which of the following names mean "tropical cyclone"?

Hurricane, cyclone, typhoon

Which of the following statements is/are true about the formation or movement of hurricanes? Choose all that apply.

Hurricanes generally travel from the east toward the west because of the trade winds. The latent heat stored in water vapor provides the energy that fuels the storm. The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect. The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect.

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?

In a clockwise direction

What is the typical path for a North Atlantic hurricane to follow?

It begins in the low latitudes of the Atlantic, is pushed westward by the trade winds, curves to the right due to the Coriolis effect, and then, once it is in the midlatitudes, it is pushed to the east by the prevailing westerlies.

What was so notable about Hurricane Katrina?

It was the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. It was a very strong category 5 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 280 kilometers (175 miles) per hour. It was one of the top five deadliest hurricanes in U.S. history.

What was so notable about Hurricane Sandy?

It was the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, in terms of diameter and extent.

When are the Sun's rays perpendicular to Earth's surface at the equator

March equinox and September equinox

When do all locations on Earth experience equal lengths of day and night?

March equinox and September equinox

The two most abundant components of dry air are:

Nitrogen and oxygen

Even though it's on the same spinning planet, the Coriolis effect influences moving objects and diverts them to the _____ of their intended direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the _____ of their intended direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

Right,left

Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation?

Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls.

Why is the direction of rotation in the Northern Hemisphere opposite the direction of rotation in the Southern Hemisphere?

The Coriolis effect causes opposite deflections in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere.

Why don't tropical storms that form on the equator develop into hurricanes?

The Coriolis effect is absent.

How does the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) change over time?

The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The rate of sea ice formation slows as sea ice thickens BECAUSE the ice insulates the underlying water from freezing due to its poor heat conduction.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Which of the following statements about sea-surface temperatures during the time period covered by the animation is correct?

The coldest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 27°C.

Which of the following statements is/are true about middle latitude storms (between 30 and 60 degrees latitude) in the United States?

The polar front generates strong storms because different air masses converge there. The jet stream can steer polar air masses far to the south and tropical air masses far to the north. Maritime polar air masses travel from west to east, causing winter storms.

The Coriolis effect is caused by __________.

The rotation of the earth

Which of the following statements about water temperatures at 25° N, 84° W from August 25 to August 30 is correct?

The temperature decreased from 32°C to 27°C.

The Coriolis effect is _____ at the equator and is _____ at the poles.

Zero,strongest

What is an anticyclone?

a center of high atmospheric pressure

What is a cyclone?

a center of low atmospheric pressure

What is a tropical cyclone?

a low-pressure disturbance that develops over warm, tropical waters

Which areas of Earth experience the most precipitation?

areas near the ITCZ