Chapter 6 (operations management)

Cellular Layouts include:

(2) - Cellular Production - Group technology

Non-repetitive processing: include how many sectors ?

(2) - Process layout - Fixed Position layout

Service Layouts include:

(3) - office layouts - hospital layouts - retail layouts

Repetitive Processing: include how many sectors ?

(3) - Product Layout - Assembly Lines - U-shaped Layout

How many Process types are there ?

(5) - Job Shop - Batch - Reptitive - Continuous - Project

Office layouts

are undergoing transformations as the flow of paperwork is replaced with the increasing use of electronic communications. This lessens the need to place office workers in a layout that optimizes the physical transfer of information or paperwork.

product layout

are used to achieve a smooth and rapid flow of large volumes of goods or customers through a system. This is made possible by a highly standardized goods or services that allow high standardized, repetitive processing.

process layout

designed to process items or provide services that involve a variety of processing requirements. The variety of jobs that are processed requires frequent adjustments to equipment.

Flexible manufacturing system

group of machines that include supervisory computer control, automatic material handling, and robots or other automated processing equipment.

Process Technology

includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and services. This not only involves an organization, it also extends to supply chains.

Group technology

involves identifying items with similarities in either design characteristics or manufacturing characteristics, and grouping them into part families. Design characteristics include size, shape, and function; manufacturing or processing characteristics involve the type and sequence of operations required.

batch

is used when a moderate volume of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety in products or services. The equipment need not be flexible as in a job shop, but processing is still intermittent. The skill level of workers doesn't need to be as high as in a job shop. (examples include bakeries which make bread cakes, movie theater which show movies to groups .

Hospital layouts

key elements are patient care and safety, with easy access to critical resources such as X-ray, CAT scan, and MRI equipment.

fixed position layout

layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed. This layout is used in large construction projects (buildings, power plants, dams), shipbuilding and production or large aircraft and space mission rockets.

U shaped layout

more compact, it often requires approximately half the length of a straight production line. This setup permits increased communication among workers on the line because workers are clustered, thus facilitating teamwork.

Computer numerical controlled machines

programmed to follow a set of processing instructions based on mathematical relationships that tell the machine the details of the operations to be performed.

Process Selection

refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized. It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work systems.

Computer-aided manufacturing

refers to the use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to automated quality control.

assembly line

standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks.

Retail Layouts

the objectives that guide design of manufacturing layouts often pertain to cost minimization and product flow. However, with this layout, department stores, supermarkets, and specialty stores, the designers must take into account the presence of customers and the opportunity to influence sales volume and customer attitudes through carefully designed layouts.

Cellular Production

type of layout in which workstations are grouped into what is referred to as a cell. Groupings are determined by the operations needed to perform work for a set of familiar items, or part families, that require similar processing.

project

usually a non-routine operation. The challenges of its non-routine feature, very little past experience can be borrowed to manage its progress and cost.

Job Shop

usually operates on a relatively small scale. Is is used when a low volume of high variety-goods or services will be needed. Processing is intermittent; work includes small jobs, each with somewhat different processing requirements. Manufacturing example of job shop is a tool and die shop to produce one-kind-tool. A service example is a veterinarian's office, which is able to process a variety of animals and a variety of injuries and diseases.

continous

when a high volume of non discrete, highly standardized output is desired. These systems have almost no variety in output and, hence no need for equipment flexibility. Example of nondiscrete products made in this system include petroleum products, steel, sugar, flour and salt. this service include air monitoring, internet, supplying electricity.

repetitive

when higher volumes of more standardized goods or services are needed. Example of this type of system include production lines and assembly lines.