Chapter 6 Practice Test
D
Variations in hair color may result from A) environmental and hormonal factors B) genetic differences in the structure of melanin C) an age-related decrease in pigment production D) all of the above
b
Fingernails grow about 1mm/week due to mitosis of cells in the A) nail plate. B) nail matrix. C) eponychium. D) hyponychium.
B
From the basement membrane outward, the strata of the epidermis are A) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale B) basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum C) lucidum, basale, granulosum, corneum D) granulosum, spinosum, basale, corneum
C
What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis? A) melanocytes B) Merkel cells C) keratinocytes D) Langerhans cells
C
Which epidermal layer is found in thick skin only? A) stratum basale B) stratum spinosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum corneum
B
Which epidermal pigment protects nuclear DNA by absorbing potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation? A) hemoglobin B) melanin C) carotene D) keratin
A
Which of the following statements about sweat glands is incorrect? A) A milky perspiration containing fatty acids is secreted by merocrine sweat glands. B) Sweat glands are simple tubular glands lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium and emptied by a duct. C) Apocrine glands open onto hair follicles rather than a sweat pore. D) The 500 ml of insensible perspiration that we produce each day does not produce a wetness of the skin.
A
Which of the following terms refers to a yellowing of skin due to an abnormally high level of bilirubin in the blood? A) jaundice B) albinism C) erythema D) cyanosis
a
Which of the following types of cells divides by mitosis to replace the dead cells that exfoliate from the surface of your skin? A) keratinocytes B) fibroblasts C) Merkel cells D) melanocytes
A
Which of the following types of skin cancer is the least dangerous because it seldom metastasizes? A) basal cell carcinoma B) squamous cell carcinoma C) malignant melanoma D) Kaposi sarcoma
e
Which part of the nail represents the growth zone? A) the nail body B) the hyponychium C) lunule D) the nail bed E) nail matrix
C
Which statement about the subcutaneous layer is false? A) it consists of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue B) it stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to the underlying tissues C) corresponding to larger body size, it is normally thicker in men than in women D) also called the hypodermis or superficial fascia, it is not part of the integument
C
Which term describes the skin's normal release of water vapor without noticeable sweat? A) sublimation B) dehydration C) insensible perspiration D) sensible perspiration
C
Limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation is useful because it A) protects against most types of skin cancer B) reduces swelling in underlying connective tissues C) helps epidermal cells convert a steroid to vitamin D3 D) stimulates an increase in melanocyte production
B
These skin glands protect the ear. A) merocrine B) ceruminous C) sebaceous D) apocrine E) mammary
B
This layer is absent in thin skin. A) stratum corneum B) stratum lucidum C) stratum spinosum D) stratum basale
B
Another name for a hair is A) an onychium B) a pilus C) a nevus D) a comedo
B
Apocrine sweat glands occur in all of the following locations except A) the areola B) the palms C) the axillae D) the groin
c
Blond hair A) contains air in the medulla. B) normally has a flatter shaft than brown or black hair. C) has a sparse amount of melanin in the cortex. D) typically lacks a cuticle. E) is a result of a low amount of iron in the papillae.
C
Blond hair A) contains air in the medulla. B) normally has a flatter shaft than brown or black hair. C) has a sparse amount of melanin in the cortex. D) typically lacks a cuticle. E) is a result of low amount of iron in the papillae.
D
Both hair and nails are composed mainly of dead cells packed with A) melanin B) collagen C) carotene D) keratin
C
All of the following are important functions of human hair except A) protecting the scalp from sunburn and injury B) preventing entry of foreign particles into the eyes, ears, and nose C) providing insulation for the overall body surface D) assisting in the dispersal of pheromones
D
By producing sensible perspiration, merocrine sweat glands assist in A) regulating body temperature through evaporation B) ridding the body of excess water and electrolytes C) protecting against environmental hazards D) all of the above
d
Cutaneous vasodilation is in response to A) vitamin C synthesis. B) cyanosis. C) jaundice. D) very warm conditions. E) lack of sun.
D
Dermal structures that originate from the invagination of the epidermis include A) the accessory organs of the integument B) sweat and sebaceous glands, nails, and hair C) the integumentary appendages D) all of the above
B
Hairs in the scalp normally grow A) indefinitely, stopping only if the follicle is destroyed B) about one-third of a millimeter per day for 2 to 5 years C) to a maximum length of 20 inches before shedding D) sporadically, with the rate increasing if the hair is cut
A
In this type of burn, only the epidermis is involved. A) first degree B) second degree C) third degree
b
Of the three types of hair we grow during our lives, which type is pigmented? A) lanugo B) terminal C) vellus D) keratinous
D
Select the layer below that contains dividing cells. A) stratum corneum B) stratum lucidum C) stratum spinosum D) stratum basale
D
Skin color differences among both individuals and races are mostly the result of A) different levels of melanocyte activity B) different colors of melanin C) different numbers of melanocytes D) both a and b
d
Smooth muscle bundles attached to the hair root sheath are called A) epithelial roots. B) hair receptors. C) sebaceous glands. D) arrector pili. E) merocrine glands.
B
Stretch marks, or striae, are the result of A) excessive stretching of the epidermis B) torn collagen fibers in the dermis C) an overabundance of elastic fibers D) all of the above
d
The condition termed albinism results from A) a reduction in blood flow through the skin. B) a deficiency of glucocorticoid hormones. C) high levels of bilirubin circulating in the blood. D) a deficiency of melanin production. E) lack of oxygen circulating in the blood.
A
The connective tissue root sheath and epithelial root sheath are both components of the A) hair follicle B) hair root C) hair bulb D) hair papilla
A
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called A) epidermal ridges B) the papillary layer C) desmosomes D) tight junctions
e
The epidermal layer that is dead and keratinized is the A) stratum basale. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum granulosum. D) stratum spinosum. E) stratum corneum.
A
The epidermis varies within a single individual in which of the following aspects? A) thickness, coloration, and skin markings B) innervation and blood supply C) both a and b D) neither a nor b
A
The hair of the fetus is called ________________. A) lanugo B) nonexistent C) vellus D) terminal E) vibrissae
B
The lunula, eponychium, and hyponychium are all structures associated with a A) sweat gland B) nail C) hair D) hair follicle
c
The major skin layer that normally has the greatest amount of adipocytes is the A) epidermis. B) papillary layer. C) hypodermis. D) stratum corneum. E) stratum spinosum.
C
The oily secretion that prevents the skin from drying and cracking is A) cerumen. B) pheomelanin. C) sebum. D) diaphoresis.
A
The relatively coarse, pigmented hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is A) terminal hair B) vellus hair C) lanugo D) none of the above
d
The single layer of cells that make up the stratum basale of the epidermis contains all of the following cell types except A) melanocytes. B) keratinocytes. C) Merkel cells. D) fibroblasts.
C
The skin of older persons is more easily damaged and slower to heal because A) collagen fibers accumulate through time and crowd out protective cells B) epidermal dendritic cells proliferate, interfering with the immune response C) the epidermis thins as epidermal stem cells decline in number and activity D) all of the above
C
The terms thick and thin skin refer to the relative thickness of the A) entire integument B) cutaneous and subcutaneous layers C) epidermis only D) dermis only
B
The two major regions of the dermis are the superficial ____________ layer and the deeper ____________ layer. A) collagenous; elastic B) papillary; reticular C) reticular; papillary D) areolar; adipose
C
Which integumentary exocrine glands are distributed over most of the body surface? A) sudoriferous and ceruminous glands B) lactiferous and apocrine sweat glands C) sebaceous and merocrine sweat glands D) all of the above
b
Which layer is responsible for fingerprints? A) stratum lucidum B) dermis C) stratum corneum D) stratum basale
D
Which of the following are specialized cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis? A) tactile cells B) epidermal dendritic cells C) melanocytes D) all of the above
E
Which of the following does not contribute to skin color? A) carotene B) bilirubin C) erythrocytes D) melanin E) hair color
A
Which of the following has an excretory function? A) eccrine sweat gland B) mammary glands C) sebaceous gland D) endocrine glands
B
Which of the following is a fungus infection of the skin? A) warts B) ringworm C) psoriasis D) acne
A
Which of the following is not a significant possible health benefit of carotene? A) protects the skin from harmful radiation in sunlight B) helps maintain normal vision when converted into vitamin A C) helps eliminate potentially dangerous molecules produced by metabolism D) may boost the number and activity of immune cells
B
Which of the following makes no significant contribution to skin color? A) hemoglobin B) keratin C) melanin D) carotene
A
Which type of gland secretes a lipid material that coats the epidermis and hair shafts to provide lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth? A) sebaceous B) sudoriferous C) eccrine D) apocrine
B
Which type of skin graft is unlikely to cause an immune reaction? A) allograft B) isograft C) xenograft D) homograft