Chapter 6- Primary teeth

There are 4 lobes for all _______ _________ except for the primary mandibular second molar which has 5 cusps so it comes from 5 lobes and has 5 pulp horns.

PRIMARY molars have 4 lobes. Except for the Mandibular second molar (it has 5 lobes)

Which are the first permanent teeth to erupt?

Permanent first molars (6 year molars) located distal to primary second molars.

Primary teeth that come before succudaneous permanent teeth are called___________________

Predecessors

What teeth are missing in a child's mouth?

Primary Premolars

Which PRIMARY teeth- maxillary incisors or mandibular incisors have the more prominent anatomy?

Primary maxillary incisors have more pronounced anatomy than mandibular incisors (like with permanents) - this is true for primary canines also!!

___________ ____________have 1 lobe per cusp.

Primary posterior teeth

What tooth does the mandibular second primary molar resemble?

Anatomy is the same as a permanent mandibular first molar but is *smaller* than permanent. Anatomy includes the 5 cusps: MB, DB, D, ML and DL. Grooves that separate the B cusps are: MB groove DB groove

___________ __________ have 3 lobes on facial, 1 on lingual (corresponding to the cingulum) - total of 4 lobes

Anterior teeth

As primary teeth erupt, spaces often occur between anterior teeth. Why?

Because the maxilla and mandible grow larger to make primate spaces

Primary teeth crown to root tip usually finish erupting at age:

Completed between 1 ½ to 3 years

Crowns of teeth begin to form when? (before they are present in the mouth)

Crowns of all 20 primary teeth begin to calcify between 4 - 6 months in utero

Describe a maxillary second molar (PRIMARY)

Cusp of Carabelli (non-functional), 4 major cusps with mesio-lingual the largest 3 roots Has marginal ridge grooves Buccal and lingual grooves

Primary teeth are called ____________ teeth

Deciduous

Birth to 6 or 8 months teeth will start errupting. True or false?

False. Babies have no visible teeth until 8 months.

Root tips of primary teeth are complete for a long time, TRUE OR FALSE?

False. Root tips complete and then begin resorbing again as the permanent succudaneous teeth begin their eruption

How do Turner's spots develop on a permanent?

From infection of the primary tooth.

Primary maxillary 1st molar has a _______ shaped groove pattern.

H shape with 4 cusps

Desciribe a PRIMARY 2nd mandibular molar

Has mesio-buccal and disto-buccal, lingual grooves Larger than primary mandibular 1st molar 5 cusps and 5 pulp horns 3 cusps on buccal - mesio-buccal, disto-buccal, distal nearly equal in size

Do primary incisors have mesio-incisal and disto-incisal edges?

Has mesio-incisal and disto-incisal angles (like with permanents). In the primary *mandibular* central incisors these angles are almost equal.

What is the complete process of tooth development?

Prior to eruption, tooth crowns form from lobes, then calcify within jaws After crown calcification, tooth root starts to form Beginning root formation results in eruption process Emergence occurs Root continues to form and reaches completion

Primary mandibular central incisor is ________ than primary mandibular lateral incisor

SMALLER

Permanent incisors, canines and premolars are _________________________teeth.

Succudaneous

Permanent teeth that succeed their primary tooth predecessors are called ________________

Succudaneous

________________teeth are those permanent teeth that take the place of primary teeth.

Succudaneous

What features does the mandibular primary first molar NOT have that the primary second molar DOES.

The mesio-buccal and disto-buccal groove.

Unlike permanent canines, the __________ cusp ridge of the primary maxillary canine is longer than the ________cusp ridge (not so with primary mandibular canines)

Mesial is longer than the distal on PRIMARY On permanent canines, the distal cusp ridge is longer than the mesial cusp ridge.

are there lingual pits on primary central incisors?

NO

Permanent molars are __________ succedaneous teeth.

NOT

Functions of primary dentition?

Needed for efficient mastication of food Provide support for cheeks, lips for normal appearance and smile Necessary for formulation of clear speech Critical for maintaining space and arch continuity required to provide room for emergence of permanent (secondary) teeth

For primary posterior teeth there is _____ pulp horn per cusp.

1 pulp horn per cusp.

What teeth are lost right after the emergence of the permanent first molars (6 year molars)?

The primary mandibular central incisors which are quickly replaced by permanent mandibular central incisors

Once the enamel on the crown is formed what happens?

The root begins forming and at this time the tooth begins occlusal movement toward oral cavity

Primary crowns are shorter __________ __________ (direction)

cervico-occlusally

primary teeth are shorter than permanent teeth _______ ____________ (direction)

cervico-occlusally

After the tooth erupts, the __________ process begins

emergence

tooth movement is called _________

eruption

Beginning root formation results in_______________process

eruption process

Primary teeth have pronounced ___________ and _______ CERVICAL ridges. AND a pronounced constriction at the _________.

facial and lingual cervical ridges. pronounced constriction at the CEJ.

Crown completion of all primary teeth occurs within _______ _______ ______ ________

first year of birth

Prior to eruption, tooth crowns form from __________, then calcify within jaws

forms from lobes A crown develops first and THEN the root.

Primary teeth have pronounced ________ and ________ cervical ridge

lingual and buccal cervical ridge

Describe the roots of a primary tooth for a single rooted tooth and a multi-rooted tooth.

long and slender single rooted teeth root trunks are shorter and more divergent on multi-rooted teeth

Last tooth to exfoliate is the ___________ __________

maxillary canines (refers to the last tooth to "FALL OUT" (not to emerge)

crowns of primary posterior teeth are wider _________-___________

mesio-distally compared to cervico-occlusally

When both primary and secondary teeth are in the mouth, dentition is known as _________ _________

mixed dentition

The primary maxillary *lateral* incisor is __________ mesio-distally than the primary maxillary central incisor

narrower

Where are root furcations located on primary posterior teeth?

near CEJ, the roots are also more spread out to make room for permanent teeth

Do primary teeth have cingulum or perikymata (growth lines)

no depressions, mamelons, or perikymata on labial surface

the eruption process goes until tooth comes into ________________

occlusion

In each quadrant of a childs primary dentition there is:

one central incisor, one lateral incisor, one canine, one first molar, one second molar

Primary or permanent teeth are LESS mineralized?

primary are less mineralized

After 4th birthday, maxillae and mandible grow larger, creating __________ _________ which show as spacing between primary teeth

primate spaces

Primary teeth have thinner layers of dentin and enamel but have larger ______ _________ than perms do.

pulp cavities that are larger and closer to the surface

When succedaneous tooth is ready to emerge, primary tooth roots are _____________so much that primary tooth becomes loose, then _____________

resorbed (root) exfoliated (primary tooth)

_______ formation begins immediately after enamel on crown is formed

root

After the tooth emerges, the ___________ still continues to form.

root.

Eruption of succedaneous (permanent) teeth results in resorption of ____________of primary teeth

roots

Primary teeth are ___________ than permanent counterparts; primary molars are wider than premolars - this difference is called _________ __________

smaller LEEWAY SPACE

After the primary tooth is exfoliated, emergence of ______________ tooth occurs

succedaneous

What teeth would be misaligned in permanent dentition due to the premature loss of second primary molars?

the adult premolars

The last primary tooth to erupt is:

the maxillary second molar

Is the mandibular first or second molar bigger?

the primary second molar is bigger than the first

PRIMARY TEETH HAVE A PRONOUNCED CONSTRICTION AT CEJ (permanent teeth, less so) True or false?

true

primary molars are wider MESIO-DISTALLY than permanent premolars to make space for permanent teeth. True or false?

true

Permanent anterior teeth are wider than primary anterior teeth. True or false.

true.

Primary teeth are __________ in color

whiter

when does root resorption begin? (in relation to the exfoliating perm tooth)

Occurs at least 1 to 2 years before exfoliation of primary tooth and the emergence of the permanent tooth

Is occlusal anantomy more prominent on permanent or primary molars?

PERMAMENT. Anterior teeth- more pronounced anatomy compared to perms Posterior teeth- LESS pronounced anatomy when compared to perms

Mixed dentition begins when permanent first (six-year) molars emerge, around age ______ to ________ years old.

5 and 3/4 to 6 years old

At what age do secondary (permanent) teeth start to appear, beginning with first molars?

5 ¾ or 6 years old

When do *primary* mandibular incisors erupt?

6 months

Primary tooth crowns emerge into oral cavity from ____ ___________ - _______ _______the last to emerge is the maxillary second ___________

6 months - 2 years Last tooth to emerge: the maxillary second molar

When do *permanent* mandibular and maxillary 1st molars erupt? AND mandibular central incisors?

6 years

At what age do all permanent incisors replace primary incisors that are exfoliated (shed)?

6-9 years old

When do *primary* maxillary central incisors erupt?

7 and 1/2 months

When do *primary* mandibular lateral incisors erupt?

7 months

A typical ______ year old will have all permanent first molars and permanent mandibular central incisors.

7 year old.

When do *permanent* maxillary central incisors erupt? And Mandibular laterals?

7-8 years

When do *permanent* maxillary laterals erupt?

8-9 years

When do *primary* maxillary laterals erupt?

9 months

When do *permanent* mandibular canines erupt?

9-10 years

At what age do all 8 premolars and 4 canines replace primary molars and canines?

9-12 years old

Grooves a primary second molar has

A distobuccal groove and a Mesiobuccal groove

What is a prominent feature of primary molars on the buccal surface?

A mesial cervical ridge

A primary maxillary AND mandibular second molar resembles what perm tooth?

A perm first molar

From an occlusal view, which is larger? A primary molar or a permanent molar?

A permanent molar

At what age have all of the primary teeth errupted?

Age 3

What does the anatomy of a maxillary primary 2nd molar resemble?

Anatomy VERY similar to permanent maxillary first molar, same cusps, grooves, even a cusp of Carabelli

Complete primary dentition is in mouth from about _____ years old to about ______ to ____ years.

2 years to 5 and 3/4 - 6 years

When do *primary* mandibular 2nd molars erupt?

20 months

When do *primary* maxillary 2nd molars erupt?

24 months

About ____ years after completion, primary tooth roots begin to resorb at apex or on side near apex

3

How many roots do primary maxillary molars and mandibular molars have?

3 for maxillary 2 for mandibular

In primary anterior teeth in the pulp chamber there are ____ pulp horns corresponding to ___ lobes in facial.

3 pulp horns for 3 lobes on the facial 1 on the lingual

Describe a maxillary first molar (PRIMARY)

3 roots, widely spaced Scalloped occlusal border Short root trunk 3 or 4 cusps - usually 4

When do teeth start forming in the jaw?

4-6 months in UTERO

What is the normal emergence of primary teeth in a child's mouth?

Mandibular central incisors Mandibular lateral incisors Maxillary central incisors Maxillary lateral incisors First molars Mandibular First molar Maxillary Canines Mandibular Canines Maxillary Second molars Mandibular Second molars Maxillary

After crown _____________, tooth root starts to form

calcification

When do *permanent* maxillary first premolars erupt?

10-11 years

When do *permanent* mandibular 1st premolars erupt?

10-12 years

When do *permanent* maxillary 2nd premolars erupt?

10-12 years

When do *permanent* mandibular 2nd premolars erupt? AND the maxillary canine?

11-12 years

When do *permanent* maxillary canines erupt?

11-12 years

When do *permanent* mandibular second molars erupt?

11-13 years

Mixed dentition ENDS when all the primary teeth have been replaced. Usually around _____ years old .

12

When do *primary* mandibular 1st molars erupt?

12 months

At what age do permanent second molars emerge distal to permanent first molars?

12 years old (Also called 12 year molars)

When do *permanent* maxillary second molars erupt?

12-13 years

When do *primary* maxillary 1st molars erupt?

14 months

When do *primary* mandibular canines erupt?

16 months

At what age do third molars, if present, emerge?

17-21

When do *permanent* maxillary and mandibular THIRD molars erupt?

17-21 years

When do *primary* maxillary canines erupt?

18 months

Primary second molars are ________ than primary first molars

LARGER

Describe a PRIMARY mandibular first molar

Long mesio-distally Short cervico-occlusally Wider/longer mesio-distally than bucco-lingually 4 cusps Does NOT have a mesio-buccal and disto-groove like the primary mandibular 2nd molar

If primary teeth are lost prematurely or shed inappropriately.... what do could the results be? (3 possible outcomes)

There would be misalignment of permanent teeth Infection from caries could develop- with accompanying pain and possible abscess *Tuner's spots* may develop from infection of the primary tooth

Primary maxillary central incisor is larger than primary maxillary lateral incisor True or false?

True

When do all 20 teeth start becoming visible in a child's mouth?

Usually 8 months to 2 1/2 years BUT the period of deciduous teeth begins when the child's first tooth erupts.

The primary maxillary central incisor is __________ mesio-distally than long inciso-cervically

WIDER

When does the period of deciduous (primary) teeth begin?

Whenever the child's first tooth errupts

Do primary canines have a labial ridge?

YES just like permanent canines

Do primary canines have a lingual ridge?

YES. Running from the cusp tip to the cervical ridge. There is also a mesio-lingual fossa and a disto-lingual fossa on either side of it

Cingulums on anterior PRIMARY teeth are more prominent than on PERMANENT anterior teeth. True or false?

YES. primary teeth have a more pronounced cingulum that is bigger than the permanent cingulum.

Do primary canines and primary incisors have marginal ridges?

Yes they do

When do primate spaces appear?

after 4 years of age The maxillary and the mandible grow in size

Primary teeth have fewer _____________

anomolies (things that deviate from the standard)