Chapter 6 Quiz

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed. a) continuous b) partial c) primary d) secondary

b) partial

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule. a) CS + UCS; continuous b) CS + UCS; intermittent c) UCS alone; continuous d) UCS alone; intermittent

a) CS + UCS; continuous

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning. a) Edward C. Tolman b) Ivan Pavlov c) Little Albert d) Rosalie Rayner

a) Edward C. Tolman

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together. a) the word "conditioning" should be changed to the word "reinforcement" b) the word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical" c) the word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "never" d) the word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "rarely"

b) the word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical"

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs? a) behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments b) fear is a conditioned response c) Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. d) one can learn new behaviors by observing others

c) Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? a) boys display fear differently from girls b) boys display more fear than girls c) emotion can be a conditioned response d) fear cannot be a conditioned response

c) emotion can be a conditioned response

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior? a) acquisition b) extinction c) punishment d) recovery

c) punishment

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization? a) being conditioned not to laugh at hats b) being conditioned to laugh at all kinds of hats c) being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat and cry when you see other kinds of hats d) being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

d) being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________. a) conditioned response b) conditioned stimulus c) unconditioned response d) unconditioned stimulus

b) conditioned stimulus

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion. a) B.F. Skinner b) Edward Throndike c) Ivan Pavlov d) John B. Watson

d) John B. Watson

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ________. a) conditioned response b) stimulus discrimination c) stimulus generalization d) unconditioned response

b) stimulus discrimination

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. a) acquisition b) conditioning c) extinction d) learning

c) extinction

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true? a) he is considered the founder of behaviorism b) he is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning. the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. c) he is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning d) he placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze

c) he is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a) fixed interval b) fixed ratio c) variable interval d) variable ratio

c) variable interval

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement. a) fixed interval b) fixed ratio c) variable interval d) variable ratio

c) variable interval

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events? a) classical conditioning b) controlled conditioning c) physiological conditioning d) psychic conditioning

a) classical conditioning

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________. a) conditioned response b) conditioned stimulus c) unconditioned response d) unconditioned stimulus

a) conditioned response

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement. a) continuous b) partial c) primary d) secondary

a) continuous

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus. a) higher order b) initial c) primary d) secondary

a) higher order

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus? a) acquisition b) extinction c) recovery d) reflex

b) extinction