Chapter 6 Quiz and Learning Curve

What percentage of people have had one or more déjà vu experiences? - 58 percent - 68 percent - 25 percent - 82 percent

82%

The scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work on the sea snail Aplysia regarding the neural basis of memory was: Eric Kandel. Richard F Thompson. Karl Lashley. Erik Erikson.

Eric Kandel

The scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work on the sea snail Aplysia regarding the neural basis of memory was: -Karl Lashley. -Eric Kandel. -Erik Erikson. -Richard F Thompson.

Eric Kandel.

______ is memory with awareness while ______ is memory without awareness. Explicit memory; implicit memory Implicit memory; explicit memory Procedural memory; explicit memory Implicit memory; semantic memory

Explicit memory; implicit memory

Which of the following is an accurate statement as derived from the research on the forming of false memories of events? -False memories can be created for events that never happened. -False memories have turned out not to be false. -Creating memories for false events is very difficult. -Only one technique is effective for creating false memories

False memories can be created for events that never happened.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about forgetting? -How and why forgetting happens is not yet fully understood. -It is a helpful way of ridding ourselves of useless information. -It has adaptive value. -It refers to the "absence" and the "loss" of once-remembered information.

It refers to the "absence" and the "loss" of once-remembered information.

Based on what psychologists know about schemas and scripts, which of the following would you be MOST likely to remember if "it" were walking down the street? - a mother carrying her baby - a little girl in a pink dress - a dog painted orange - a man wearing a top hat

a dog painted orange

Maria placed her purse down when she entered a dinner party. At the same time, she was greeted by several people, so she didn't pay attention to where she put it down. Her divided attention resulted in an encoding failure called ______, which led to her not being able to find her purse a little later. prospective memory fundamental attribution error absent-mindedness delusion

absent-mindedness

Which of the following changes may occur in specific neurons involved in forming memories? - The number of interconnecting branches between the neurons increases. - There is an increase in the amount of neurotransmitters produced. - There is an increase in synaptic strength. - All of these are changes that may occur.

all of these are changes that may occur

A person is MORE likely to experience a false memory of an event if the actions constituting the event are ______ the person's script or schema of that situation. consistent with unprovoked atypical of inconsistent with

consistent with

A test of long-term memory that involves remembering an item of information in response to a retrieval cue is called: - cued recall. - recall. - serial position effect. - recognition.

cued recall

The progressive deterioration and impairment of memory, reasoning, and other cognitive functioning is the result of a disease or a condition is known as: dementia. retrograde amnesia. long-term potentiation. anterograde amnesia.

dementia.

In his search for the "elusive memory trace," Karl Lashley finally concluded that memory was ______ in the brain. - centered in - localized in - distributed throughout - in one place in

distributed throughout

The process called ______ involves transforming information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system. - storage - memory - retrieval - encoding

encoding

Examples of the ______ principle include the context effect and mood congruence. testing retrieval flashbulb memory encoding specificity cued recall

encoding specificity

The recollection of something that did not actually occur that is often distorted and fabricated is also known as a: - script. - schema. - misinformation effect. - false memory.

false memory

You remember the exact color of the carpet you were standing on when your mother told you she was pregnant with your baby sister. Your memory at this moment can be characterized as a ______ memory. -flashbulb -semantic -inaccurate -declarative

flashbulb

The inability to recall information that was previously available is called: recall. memory. motivation. forgetting.

forgetting.

Another term for recall is: - serial recall. - free recall. - recognition. - cued recall.

free recall

Which of the following strategies would be the MOST conducive to helping Steven prepare for the economics midterm scheduled for the next day? focusing on material at the end of the chapter taking ginkgo biloba going to sleep early in order to consolidate the new memories he has made by studying staying up all night to study

going to sleep early in order to consolidate the new memories he has made by studying

The memory phenomenon known as ______ involves a person's an increasing confidence that an event occurred if the event was vividly pictured. -neuronal effect -suppressed memory -repressed memory -imagination inflation

imagination inflation

To create a false memory for research purposes, researchers match a real event to a(n): imagined pseudoevent. repressed memory. real memory. familiar real event.

imagined pseudoevent.

The three major categories of information stored in ______ memory are procedural, episodic, and semantic memory. -short-term -long-term -sensory -working

long-term

Marcia, an elementary-school teacher for many years, has many new students each school year. On the first day of class, she uses a strategy called ______ that will help keep students' names in her short-term memory. interference displacement decay maintenance rehearsal

maintenance rehearsal

One of the ideas that the tip-of-the-tongue experience demonstrates is that retrieval of memory: - often relies on the right retrieval cues. - is not organized in very connected or logical ways. - is an all-or-nothing process. - is rarely resolved.

often relies on the right retrieval cues

The tendency to recall the first items in a list is called: serial position effect. recency effect. primacy effect. middle effect.

primacy effect

Karen's mother got a new phone number, which Karen memorizes. But when she calls her mother a day later, she calls the old number. This is an example of ______ interference. repression proactive retroactive suppression

proactive

Karen's mother got a new phone number, which Karen memorizes. But when she calls her mother a day later, she calls the old number. This is an example of ______ interference. -repression -proactive -suppression -retroactive

proactive

All of the following are ways to effectively encode new information as part of elaborative rehearsal EXCEPT: repeating the information to yourself over and over. relate the new information to information you already know. restate information in your own words. consider the applications of the information.

repeating the information to yourself over and over.

Toni is normally very organized and prompt about deadlines and finances. She has just realized, however, that her rent payment was due on December 1, and it is now December 2. This failure in her prospective memory is the result of: - encoding failure. - absentmindedness. - retrieval cue failure. - decay theory.

retrieval cue failure

A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of information stored in long-term memory is(are) known as: -free recall. -retrieval cues. -clustering. -tip of the tongue.

retrieval cues.

Loss of memory, especially for episodic information, is called ______ amnesia. -anterograde -aplysiatic -retrograde -consolidation

retrograde

As a subject in a psychology experiment, you are shown photos of vegetables. Mixed in with the pictures of the vegetables is a photo of chocolate cake. Given the inconsistency of a picture of chocolate cake with your ______ for vegetables, you are more able to recall the cake picture. - suppression - schema - repression - interference

schema

While babysitting 3-year-old Tim, you show him a blue car and ask him what it is. He says, "police car." Next you show him a toy man in a blue uniform and ask what he is. Tim responds, "policeman." The activation occurring in Tim's long-term memory conforms to the ______ model. - semantic network - procedural memory - elaborative rehearsal - culturally sensitive

semantic network

If you are asked to remember the day you graduated from high school, you may "see" several memories in your mind, including perhaps going up to receive your diploma, or what you ate, or the look on your parents' faces. According to the Focus On Neuroscience box titled, "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception," in Chapter 6, these such memories are the result of recalling ______ information. - semantic - sensory - motivated - short-term

sensory

A memory distortion that occurs when the true origin of the memory is forgotten is also known as: source confusion. Schema distortion. the bystander effect. the misinformation effect.

source confusion.

The process of retaining information in memory so it can be used at a later time is called: -perception. -storage. -retrieval. -encoding.

storage

Tom has had a terrible day—he failed his driving test, bounced a check, and had a bad haircut. Before he goes to bed, Tom decides to read a race-car driving magazine in a deliberate and conscious attempt to forget about his day before he goes to sleep. Through this act of motivated forgetting called ______, Tom will hopefully make the memory of his bad day less accessible. - suppression - decay - repression - encoding

suppression

According to the Critical Thinking box titled, "The Memory Wars: Recovered or False Memories?," the highly charged public controversy over the validity of repressed memories recovered in therapy is known as: -therapeutic indifference. -the memory wars. -a manipulation. -an impossibility.

the memory wars

Eric Kandel has identified the specific neurons involved in a given memory by using _____ in his research. -a rabbit -a sea urchin -the sea snail -a cat

the sea snail

As you get ready for your history exam, you are hoping that it is a multiple-choice test and not an essay test. The reason you perceive the essay test as being "more difficult" is probably because an essay relies on your ability to ______ without any retrieval cues, while the multiple-choice test measures ______. use recall; recognition recognize data; recall use serial position; recall cue in recognition; recognition

use recall; recognition

You are going to a café in a large park you have been to only once. As you drive, you are trying to remember if any of the landmarks you are seeing along the way are familiar. According to Baddeley's model of working memory, you are utilizing your ______ to do this. -elaborative rehearsal -phonological loop -long-term memory -visuospatial sketchpad

visuospatial sketchpad

As you are driving to your friend's house, you realize that you've made a wrong turn. You stop at a gas station to ask for directions. In trying to remember the information you are given, you need to utilize your: - working memory. - sensory memory. - episodic memory. - long-term memory.

working memory