Chapter 6 quiz PSY 340 Personality
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
. It is time-consuming to score and interpret.
Fast and Funder (2008) found that using words like guarantee was correlated .21 with "has a high aspiration for self." Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this finding?
. Participants who used the word guarantee were slightly more likely to also have high aspirations.
According to the text, individuals high in ________ are usually valued employees.
. conscientiousness
Which dimension of personality assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory appears to be the one MOST responsible for obnoxious and arrogant behavior?
. entitlement/exploitativeness
Which trait describes people who are psychologically well adjusted and tend to be religious?
. honesty-humility
Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
It is a long questionnaire, often used by corporations to assess potential employees, that tests which of two opposing tendencies characterizes an individual.
According to the text, why is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator particularly popular?
Its vague questions give the impression that it offers deep insight.
Which essential trait theorist developed a model with the strongest ties to psychoanalytic ideas?
Jack Block
According to recent research about personality and energy drink preferences (Smidt & DeBono, 2011), those high in self-monitoring would likely prefer which brand of energy drink in a consumer taste test study?
Super Star Energy
In the factor analysis approach to personality, a "factor" can be best described as a personality
Trait
What are essential traits according to Jack Block?
What are essential traits according to Jack Block?
What is the best summary of the current state of knowledge about personality types? a. Although types add little for psychometric purposes of measurement and prediction, they still may have value as aids in education and theorizing .b. Compared to the trait approach, the typological approach is completely useless for explaining or describing people or behavior .c. There are five basic personality types, each corresponding to one of the Big Five personality traits. d. Knowing a person's personality type adds to our ability to predict his or her behavior beyond what can be predicted by knowing how the person stands on the traits that define the typology.
a. Although types add little for psychometric purposes of measurement and prediction, they still may have value as aids in education and theorizing
Which of the following terms describes the often-criticized outcome of Raymond Cattell's factor analysis, which revealed 16 factors? a. overextraction of factors b. facets c. underextraction of factors d. too few superfactors
a. overextraction of factors
Research has shown that when people use words such as ________ to describe their life stories, they are described by acquaintances as more intelligent.
absolutely
According to recent research (Boyce & Wood, 2011), which trait seems to be related to quicker recovery from disabling accidents or illnesses?
agreeableness
Which of the following Big Five domains is related to less smoking?
agreeableness
When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to
be regarded as more honest.
A researcher taking the many-trait approach to understanding personality would likely use which of the following measurement instruments? a. California F scale b. self-monitoring scale c. California Q-Set d. the NEO-PI neuroticism scale
c. California Q-Set
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with conscientiousness? a. educational level b. avoidance of risks c. high IQ d. longevity
c. high IQ
According to a recent study described in the textbook, which trait has been linked to a decrease in life satisfaction following a period of unemployment?
conscientiousness
Which trait has been consistently linked to a range of health outcomes?
conscientiousness
Which trait is linked to avoiding risks and driving carefully?
conscientiousness
Factor analyses are mostly based on which of the following pieces of information?
correlation matrices
Which of the following does NOT describe a reason that people gravitate to the typological approach in contrast to the trait approach? a. The trait approach assumes that all people can be characterized using similar traits, which might be wrong b. Different types of people may be qualitatively distinct from each other. c. Qualitative differences between types of people are somewhat easier to comprehend than traits. d. The typological approach has many years worth of empirical support.
d. The typological approach has many years worth of empirical support.
According to the text, which of the following is one of the reactions an individual high on right-wing authoritarianism would have when playing experimental games? a. They are less likely to obey an experimenter's commands. b. They experience more positive emotions than nonauthoritarians. c. They seek to win at all costs. d. They tend to be uncooperative and inflexible.
d. They tend to be uncooperative and inflexible.
Which of the Big Five traits appears to be the most complex and "difficult to grasp"? a. extraversion b. neuroticism c. psychoticism d. openness
d. openness
According to the lexical hypothesis: :a. personality does not have a significant influence on behavior. b. traits can only be identified in an experimental setting. c. the trait honesty-humility should be added to the Big Five personality traits. d. the most important aspects of human life are labeled and will exist in many languages.
d. the most important aspects of human life are labeled and will exist in many languages.
Given Snyder's description of self-monitoring, you would expect someone who is low in self-monitoring to be ________ than someone high in self-monitoring.
easier to judge
What are essential traits according to Jack Block
ego control/ego resiliency
A researcher using factor analysis to identify basic traits is likely to favor the ________ approach
essential-trait
Positive emotionality in Tellegen's three-factor model is closest to which trait in Eysenck's model?
extraversion
Sally prefers listening to relaxing music by folk singers who write and perform their own songs. Sally is likely high in which trait?
extraversion
Though some researchers disagree, after over 60 years of research, most personality psychologists think there are how many essential personality factors?
five
Jack Block found that 23-year-olds who described themselves as being politically conservative were likely to have been described as ________ at age 3.
guilty and anxious
People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.
high self-monitors; low self-monitors
The lower your score is on measures of psychological health and well-being, the ________ your score is on ________.
higher; neuroticism
What additional trait(s) do some psychologists argue should be added to expand the Big Five to the Big Six?
honesty-humility
Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to be described as
independent.
According to the text, tests of conscientiousness predict
job performance and employee thefts.
Chan tends to be disorganized, irresponsible, and unable to handle criticism well. What is the best description of Chan's personality?
low conscientiousness and high neuroticism
A researcher seeks to understand the reasons that a person uses drugs. Which approach is the researcher MOST likely to adopt?
many-trait
A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a(n) ________ approach.
many-trait
Which approach to studying personality begins with the question "Who does that?" and then seeks to understand the traits associated with a specific behavior?
many-trait approach
Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships?
narcissism
Negative emotionality in Tellegen's three-factor model is closest to which trait in Eysenck's model?
neuroticism
What are the essential traits according to Hans Eysenck?
neuroticism/extraversion/psychoticism
Which of the Big Five traits appears to be the most complex and "difficult to grasp"?
openness
Which of the Big Five traits appears to have the MOST inconsistency in terms of cross-cultural replication?
openness
Which of the following terms describes the often-criticized outcome of Raymond Cattell's factor analysis, which revealed 16 factors?
overextraction of factors
Research on ________ addresses important questions concerning the way that inner reality and the private self relate to external reality and the self as presented to others.
self-monitoring
Pooja is a strong proponent of the lexical hypothesis. Where would she likely begin her search for the essential traits of personality?
the dictionary
In the factor analysis approach to personality, a "factor" can be best described as a personality
trait
The ________ approach to personality usually assumes that all people can be characterized by points on a continuous score of measurement; the ________ approach to personality suggests that people might differ in kind more than in degree.
trait; typological
A researcher interested in identifying common patterns of traits that characterize whole persons will likely use a ________ approach.
typological
Ciara is an advertiser who is interested in labeling consumers in terms of their spending habits and shopping behavior to efficiently target groups of people for different products. What approach to personality should Ciara use in her assessment?
typological
According to Jack Block, ego ________ gets people into trouble, but ego ________ gets people out of trouble.
undercontrol; resiliency
According to the text, which three personality types are the MOST replicable?
well-adjusted/undercontrolled/overcontrolled
The ________ is a personality assessment device consisting of a deck of 100 cards, each of which describes an aspect of personality. These cards are sorted into categories by the respondent.
California Q-Set
