Chapter 6 Review

The various parts of the endomembrane system serve different functions in the cell. In this activity, you will identify the roles of each part of the endomembrane system. -A. Smooth ER, B. Rough ER, C. Golgi Apparatus, D. Lysosomes 1. Protein synthesis 2. Cisternal maturation 3. Lipid synthesis 4. Calcium ion storage 5. protein modification and sorting 6. poison detoxification 7. macromolecule digestion 8. autophagy

-A. Smooth ER: 3. lipid synthesis, 4. calcium storage, 6. poison detoxification -B. Rough ER: 1. protein synthesis -C. Golgi apparatus: 5. protein modification and sorting, cisternal maturation -D: Lysosomes: 7. macromolecul digestion, 8. autophagy

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? 1) tight junctions 2) gap (communicating) junctions 3) desmosomes (anchoring junctions) 4) keratin fibers 5) plasmodesmata

1

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is false? 1. The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayers. 2. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus. 3. Nuclear pores are made up of a group of proteins that are collectively called the nuclear pore complex. 4. Molecules pass into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.

2.

In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. A) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. B) only in the nucleus. C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. D) only in the nucleus and mitochondria. E) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts

A

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? A) desmosomes. B) gap junctions. C) extracellular matrix. D) tight junctions. E) peroxisomes.

B

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. A) play a role in storage B) synthesize large quantities of lipids C) actively export protein molecules D) import and export protein molecules

B)

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

B)

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____. A) a bacterium B) an animal but not a plant C) nearly any eukaryotic organism D) a plant but not an animal

C

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) lysosomes B) free cytoplasmic ribosomes C) roughER D) plasmodesmata E) Golgi vesicles

C

Which of the following is NOT accurate? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria ________. A) have their own DNA B) have multiple membranes C) are part of the endomembrane system D) are capable of reproducing themselves

C)

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of the cell's DNA.

C- Nucleus

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? Chloroplast Golgi Apparatus ER Plasma Membrane Nuclear Envelope

Chloroplast

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through _____. A) plasmodesmata B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) gap junctions

D

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria

D

Which molecules do not normally cross the nuclear membrane?

Dna

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D. Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. E. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function

E.

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted from the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Movement of the RNA molecules from the nucleaus to the cytoplasm.

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

Nucleus- cellular respiration (plant cells have a central vacuole, whereas most animals cells have several smaller vacuoles located throughout the cytoplasm

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

Ribosomes are protein-making factories found in all cells, from humans to bacteria.

What path does a protein that will be transported out of the cell take, starting at the site of synthesis?

Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume (surface area/volume)?

Round the clay up into a sphere.

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Weather or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes prokaryotic cells lack any internal membranous compartmentalizations

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

chlorplast

Cell size is limited by the ________ activity controlled by the cell's ______.

cytoplasmic; nucleus

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome The Golgi apparatus modifies and transports proteins.

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

The DNA‐containing region (nucleoid) of this bacterial cell is indicated by the _________.

nucleoid region Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

Mitochondria are found in ____.

prokaryotic cells

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

smooth ER

Tay‐Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

the lysosome