Chapter 6-Test

When all media outlets are covering the same story and virtually every other issue gets ignored, the media is said to be operating in _____ mode -alarm -gate -patrol -fire -horserace

alarm

Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on _____ as a way to inspire trust in viewers -an "anchorman" -foreign reporting -"sex and death" -infotainment -soft news

an "anchorman"

The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to -override FCC rules for ownership -engage in liberal, biased reporting methods -correct an incorrectly-identified source -issue a correction and apology for inaccurate reporting -anonymously quote material without identifying the source.

anonymously quote material without identifying the source

In Congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists -anti-incumbent bias -gender gap -age gap -income disparity -pro-interest group bias

anti-incumbent bias

The process of transmitting information from one individual to another is called -communication -listening -linguistics -phonemics -heuristics

communication

The 2015 terrorist attacks on the offices of Charlie Hebdo in France sparked a worldwide debate about the importance of -religious freedom -gun control -a free press -taxation -Internet control

a free press

Research on the impact of soft news finds all of the following EXCEPT -it can improve people's levels of political knowledge -it helps citizens identify which politician best matches their own political preferences -it can lead people to be more cynical about politicians -it can benefit attitudes and engagements when candidates appear for interviews. -it can decrease people's levels of political knowledge

it can decrease people's levels of political knowledge

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of -government regulation resulting from journalistic excesses -lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism -growing realization among journalists of their responsibility to the public welfare -a reaction to paying damages from lawsuits based on faulty reporting -public criticism of pandering journalists.

lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media -liberal leanings -conservative leanings -biases in favor of politicians -no biases at all -negative leanings

liberal leanings

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system? -reporting the news -setting the agenda -socializing citizens -interpreting the news -polarizing the news

polarizing the news

The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was -the newspaper -the telegraph -radio -television -cable

radio

Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly -15% -35% -50% -75% -90%

90%

The Internet was started in -1989, by Bill Gates for Microsoft's Windows products. -1972, by a group of thirty-seven universities -1983, by IBM for use on its mainframes -1920, after the Great Depression -1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense.

1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense

Microphones and cameras were banned from Congressional chambers until _____ when the House permitted live coverage. -1951 -1987 -2002 -1963 -1979

1979

A fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, has been termed a -gold balloon -money blurt -gold nugget -ghost cash phrase -cash balloon.

Money blurt

Which of the following statements is most accurate? -The mass media are not important to the majoritarian model of democracy -The mass media are not important to the pluralist model of democracy -The media in the United States have greatly enhanced the government's efforts to maintain order -The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality -The media represent an unofficial branch of government.

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality

_________ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials -Indirect democracy -Majoritarian democracy -The two-step flow of communication -Elite dominance of American politics -Multimedia convergence

The two-step flow of communication

Which president first provided space in the White House for reporters? -Abraham Lincoln -John F. Kennedy -John Quincy Adams -Theodore Roosevelt -Ronald Reagan

Theodore Roosevelt

Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that -all regulations violate the First Amendment -this would result in reduced media-generated polarization of the population -broadcast media should be treated the same as other media -existing regulations on Internet political content are unconstitutional -print media have been disadvantaged relative to other types of media outlets.

broadcast media should be treated the same as other media

The fairness doctrine required -broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues -the press to refrain from publishing strategic information during wartime -broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues -broadcast stations to provide free air time to all candidates running for public office -all Internet service providers to use similar equipment

broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues

In the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was -much more favorable to Obama -much more favorable to Romney -considered neutral in tone -much more negative of Obama -much more negative of Romney

considered neutral in tone

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry -dependent on government subsidies -dependent on advertising revenues -less free to cover stories that are of interest to the audience -less concerned about ratings than media in other countries -a product of popular trends.

dependent on advertising revenues

The__________ required any broadcast station that gave or sold time to a candidate for a public office to make an equal amount of time available under the same conditions to all other candidates for that office -fairness doctrine -reasonable access rule -equal opportunities rule -free exercise rule -equal coverage rule

equal opportunities rule

The first newspapers in the United States were -farmers' almanacs -literary gazettes that focused on prose -financed by political parties that advocated party causes -official government publications -published by British tabloids.

financed by political parties that advocated party causes

The text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to -promote a socialist agenda -ensure a patriotic message was at the center of broadcasting -guarantee that stations could use the frequencies they wished, without interference from owners of other stations -impose order on the use of the airwaves -maintain their first amendment rights

impose order on the use of the airwaves

Counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers -has virtually disappeared -has declined slightly -has moved to weekly magazines -is up overall -is the same as it was 50 years ago.

is up overall

A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary -relatively few -about one-quarter -nearly half -over three-quarters -almost all

nearly half

In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support -for-profit enterprises -members of chains -nonprofits -online-only venues -ideological think tanks

nonprofits

The phrase "off the record" means that media are -not allowed to identify the source of information -banned from attending an event -not allowed to compare a source's present and past statements in their reporting -only allowed to take photographs with short captions -not allowed to print the information.

not allowed to print the information

Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of -order -equality -profits -democracy -rights.

order

The main focus of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to -attempt to tighten national control over media ownership and product content -attempt to deregulate all privately owned media -encourage restrictions on web pages -relax the rules governing media ownership -spark an increase in government-owned media outlets.

relax the rules governing media ownership

Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to -remain neutral in the tone of their reporting -resort to negative or positive spin on the news -disregard the bottom line, in service of better reporting -promote journalistic integrity -be independent.

resort to negative or positive spin on the news

According to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's (such as Donald Trump's) Twitter activity, -the better he/she will do -the more scrutiny will be paid to what degree the candidate tells the truth -the less seriously the candidate will be taken by the voters -the more money the candidate will have to spend on campaign ads to get his/her message across -the more that person's character will be called into question

the better he/she will do

Mass media refers to -the process of transmitting information -responding to the needs of an audience -the means of communicating to audiences -the ability of listeners to choose a media type -the tension that exists between media sources

the means of communicating to audience

While most of the mass media in the U.S. is privately owned, -they are able to regulate large swaths of information flow on the Internet -the government has cracked down on the use of copyrighted material -they have focused most of their energy on monitoring the activities of hate groups -they do not operate free of government regulation -they operate free of government regulation

they do not operate free of government regulation