Chapter 6 U.S. History Study Guide
The Underwood Tariff Act included a provision for
levying an income tax
The laissez-faire argument for the best way to preserve public land was to
sell it to lumber companies, who would conserve it as a source of profit
The Board of Governors of the regional banks had the power to _______.
set national interest rates and regulate the circulation of currency
Made it legal for the federal government to tax the income of individuals directly
16th amendment
Provided the direct election of U.S. Senators
17th amendment
Guaranteed women the right to vote
19th amendment
What was one effect progressivism had on the American public's opinion of government?
Americans expected government to regulate the economy and deal with social issues directly.
Investigated and publicized problems with child labor
Children's Bureau
How did Governor La Follette reform the political party system in Wisconsin?
He helped pass a law requiring direct selection of political candidates through a primary.
The ______ had the power to investigate companies and issue "cease and desist" orders against those it found to be engaging in unfair trade practices, or practices that hurt competition.
FTC
In order to provide security for bank customers and oversight of U.S. banks, Wilson supported the creation of the __________.
Federal Reserve
What act created the regional reserve banks, supervised by a Board of Governors appointed by the president?
Federal Reserve Act
Wilson's program was called the New ____________________
Freedom
Roosevelt appointed his close friend_________________ to head the United States Forest Service, established in 1905.
Gifford Pinchot
What were Roosevelt's views on environmental issues?
He believed that natural resources must be conserved.
How did Roosevelt try to ensure that trusts were both fair to the public and allowed to operate efficiently?
He created the Department of Commerce and Labor to investigate their practices.
How did Woodrow Wilson gain a solid reputation as a progressive?
He enacted many progressive reforms as governor of New Jersey.
During the 1902 coal strike, how did Roosevelt end the dispute between the union and coal mine owners?
He invited both groups to work together in arbitration.
How did Wilson attempt to prompt American businesses to become more efficient and competitive in the global market?
He lowered the tariff on imported goods by 30 percent.
How did President Roosevelt deal with what he saw as the creation of a monopoly by J. P. Morgan's Northern Securities?
He ordered the attorney general to file a lawsuit, which eventually reached the Supreme Court.
Wrote articles criticizing Standard Oil
Ida Tarbell
What was prohibition?
laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages
What was one of the great failures of progressivism as a social and political movement?
It failed to address racial, ethnic, and religious discrimination in the country.
What was the progressive stance toward municipal government?
It needed to be run more efficiently using business principles.
What was the significance of Taft signing the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law?
Many progressives felt betrayed and turned against him.
This was passed in response to the The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
Meat Inspection Act
Roosevelt's program was called the New _______________________.
Nationalism
The _________________________ act authorized the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects.
Newlands Reclamation
Despite his lawsuit against __________________ and his role in the coal strike, Roosevelt believed that most trusts benefited the economy.
Northern Securities
In early 1902, Roosevelt ordered his attorney general to file a lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act against
Northern Securities
Tried to open a million acres of public land to private development
Richard Ballinger
Declaring himself "fit as a bull moose," ________________ became the presidential candidate for the newly formed Progressive Party, which quickly became known as the Bull Moose Party.
Roosevelt
How did Taft's handling of U.S. Steel differ from the policies of Theodore Roosevelt's?
Roosevelt encouraged regulation of trusts; Taft sought to destroy them.
This person established 5 new national parks and 51 wildlife preserves.
Theodore Roosevelt
Who was Roosevelt's desired successor to the presidency during the 1908 election?
William Howard Taft
How did Roosevelt and Wilson differ in their beliefs about how the government should handle monopolies?
Wilson believed monopolies should be destroyed while Roosevelt favored regulation.
As governor of New Jersey, he introduced many progressive reforms
Woodrow Wilson
legislation
a proposed law to be voted on by a governing body
What was progressivism?
a set of responses to the problems caused by economic expansion and industrialization
graduated income tax
a tax based on the net income of a person or business
Direct primary
a vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office
Through scientific management, a company could become efficient by
breaking taskes down into small parts and using standardized tools
Tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company led to
building codes requiring fire escapes
Two of Taft's achievements were the creation of the ___________, which investigated child labor, and the ______________, which monitored mining companies, expanded national forests, and protected waterpower sites from private development.
children's bureau; bureau of mines
The National Woman Suffrage Association in New York focused on passing a ______________
constitutional amendment
Under Roosevelt, the power of the ______________ branch of government had dramatically increased.
executive
Wilson believed that the result of Roosevelt's policies toward trusts _______.
gave the government too much power over the economy
What was the primary goal of the Prohibition Movement?
laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol
Roosevelt believed in the efficiency of trusts unless they created ___________
monopolies
Journalists who exposed corruption and terrible social conditions were called _______.
muckrakers
What were crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption called?
muckrakers
Most _____________ were urban, educated, middle-class Americans.
progressives
Banned the manufacture, sale and consumption of alchohol
prohibition (18th amendment)
progressives believed using ___________ principles could also produce solutions for society.
scientific
One principle of progressivism was its strong belief that _______.
scientific principles could alleviate social problems
By 1920 the Interstate Commerce Commission had moved away from its original purpose and had started
setting rates to help ensure railroads' profits
Arbitration
settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
The American Woman Suffrage Association in Boston focused on convincing _______________ to grant women the right to vote
state governments
Women were important leaders of the _____________ (no alcohol) movement.
temperance
A meeting in 1905 that included African American leaders to demand full political rights was called the
the Niagara Movement
Theodore Roosevelt's progressive policies became known as _______.
the Square Deal
socialism
the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community
What three political reforms did progressives push for in state legislatures to make elected officials more responsive to voters?
the initiative, the referendum, and the recall
One important provision in the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 that affected individuals directly was _______.
the institution of an income tax on individual earnings
The Constitution originally specified that , in each state, U.S. senators would be elected by
the legislature of each state
referendum
the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature
What event prompted Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act in 1906?
the publication and popularity of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
Initiative
the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval
recall
the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office
suffrage
the right to vote
What two ideas did progressives propose to help properly manage municipal government?
to appoint commissions with expert leaders and hire a city manager to oversee the city's operations
What was the purpose of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902?
to irrigate and develop Western lands for business and habitation
Wilson supported the creation of the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, in order to prevent companies from engaging in ________.
unfair trade practices that limited competition
In the Northern Securities v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that Northern Securities
violated the Sherman Antitrust Act
How were women eventually granted the right to vote?
with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution
What was the primary concern of female progressives?
woman suffrage
