Chapter 61: Assessment of the endocrine system

Which assessment findings does the nurse monitor in response to catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla? Select all that apply. A. Increased heart rate B. Increased blood pressure C. Increase perspiration D. Constriction of pupils E. Increased blood glucose F. Increased motility in the gastrointestinal tract

A, B, D, E

Which statements about hormones and the endocrine system are accurate? Select all that apply. A. There are specific normal blood levels of each hormone. B. Hormones exert their effects on specific target tissues. C. Each hormone can bind with multiple receptor sites. D. The endocrine system works independently to regulate homeostasis. E. More than one hormone can be stimulated before the target tissue is affected. F. Endocrine disorders are always regulated to an excess of one or more hormones.

A, B, E

Which statements about the pituitary gland are correct? Select all that apply. A. The main role of the anterior pituitary is to secrete tropic hormones B. The posterior pituitary gland stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. C. The anterior pituitary is connected to the thalamus gland. D. The anterior pituitary releases stored hormones produced by the hypothalamus. E. The anterior pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins. F. The pituitary gland releases hormones in response to diet, lifestyle, and drugs.

A, B, E, F

Which statements about the adrenal glands are correct? Select all that apply. A. The cortex secretes androgens in men and women B. Catecholamines are secreted from the cortex C. Glucocorticoids are secreted by the medulla D. The medulla secretes hormones essential for life E. The cortex secretes aldosterone that maintains extracellular fluid volume F. Serum potassium level affects the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

A, E, F

Which glands are parts of the endocrine system? Select all that apply. A. Thyroid B. Occipital C. Parathyroid D. Adrenal E. Pituitary F. Frontal

A,C,D,E

Which hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? Select all that apply. A. Calcitonin B. Somatostatin C. Glucagon D. Thyroxine (T4) E. Aldosterone F. Triiodothyronine (T3)

A,D,F

The binding of a hormone to a specific receptor site is an example of which endocrine process? A. "Lock and key" manner B. Negative feedback mechanism C. Neuroendocrine regulation D. "Fight or Flight" response

A. "Lock and Key" manner

Which hormone is directly suppressed when circulating levels of cortisol are above normal? A. Corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH) B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D. Growth hormone- releasing hormone (GH-RH)

A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

In the older adult female, which physiologic changes occur as a result of decreased function of the ovaries? A. Decreased bone density and estrogen production B. Decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the effects of insulin C. Decreased urine- concentrating ability of the kidneys D. Decreased metabolic rate

A. Decreased bone density and estrogen production

An older adult reports a lack of energy and not being able to do the usual daily activities without several naps during the day. Which problem may these symptoms indicate that is often seen in the older adult? A. Hypothyroidism B. Hyperparathyroidism C. Overproduction of cortisol D. Underproduction of glucagon

A. Hypothyroidism

Which hormone responds to a low serum calcium blood level by increasing bone resorption? A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. T4 C. T3 D. Calcitonin

A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The anterior pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones in response to which hormones from the hypothalamus? A. Releasing hormones B. Target tissue hormones C. Growth hormones D. Demand hormones

A. releasing hormones

When blood glucose levels start to rise above normal insulin is secreted. Insulin increases glucose uptake by the cells, causing a decrease in blood glucose levels. Which phenomenon does this exemplify? A. Simple negative feedback hormone response B. Complex interaction for negative feedback C. Simple positive feedback hormone response D. Complex interaction for positive feedback

A.Simple negative feedback hormone response

Which endocrine tissues are most commonly found to have reduced function as a result of aging? Select all that apply. A. Hypothalamus B. Ovaries C. Testes D. Pancreas E. Thyroid gland F. Parathyroid glands

B, C, D, E

Which are diagnostic methods to measure patient hormone levels? Select all that apply. A. MRI scans B. Suppression testing C. 24-hour urine testing D. Chromatographic assay E. Needle biopsy F. Stimulation testing

B, C, D, F

Which statements about the thyroid gland and its hormones are correct? Select all that apply. A. The gland is located in the posterior neck below the cricoid cartilage. B. The gland has two lobes joined by a thin tissue called the isthmus. C. T4 and T3 are two thyroid hormones. D. Thyroid hormones increase red blood cell production. E. Thyroid hormone production depends on dietary intake of iodine and potassium. F. Respiratory rate and drive are affected by thyroid hormones in adults.

B, C, D, F

Which statements about the hormone cortisol being secreted by the adrenal cortex are accurate? Select all that apply. A. Cortisol peaks occur late in the day, with lowest points 12 hours after each peak B. Cortisol has an effect on the body's immune function C. Stress causes an increase in the production of cortisol D. Blood levels of cortisol have no effect on its secretion E. Cortisol affects carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism F. Emotional stability is affected by a person's cortisol level

B, C, E, F

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? Select all that apply. A. Testosterone B. Oxytocin C. Growth Hormone (GH) D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) E. Cortisol F. Prolactin (PRL)

B, D.

A patient has low serum cortisol level. Which hormone would the nurse expect will be secreted to correct this? A. Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Parathyroid hormone D. Antidiuretic hormone

B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which mechanism is used to transport substances produced by the endocrine glands to their target tissue? A. Lymph system B. Bloodstream C. Direct seeding D. Gastrointestinal system

B. Bloodstream

What is the correct nursing action before beginning a 24-hour urine collection for endocrine studies? A. Place each voided specimen in a separate collection container B. Check whether any preservatives are needed in the collection container C. Start the collection with the first voided urine. D. Weigh the patient before beginning the collection

B. Check whether any preservatives are needed in the collection container

Which is the major function of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex? A. "Fight-or-Flight" response B. Control of potassium, sodium, and water C. Regulation of cell growth D. Calcium and stress regulation

B. Control of potassium, sodium, and water

Which disease involves a disorder of the islets of Langerhans? A. Diabetes Insipidus B. Diabetes mellitus C. Addison's disease D. Cushing's disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

Which statement about pituitary hormones is correct? A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) acts on the adrenal medulla. B. Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates sperm production in men. C. Growth hormone promotes protein catabolism. D. Vasopressin decreases systolic blood pressure.

B. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates sperm production in men.

The maintenance of internal body temperature at approximately 98.6 ' F (37 ' C) is an example of which endocrine process? A. "Lock and key" manner B. Neuroendocrine regulation C. Positive feedback mechanism D. Stimulus-response theory

B. Neuroendocrine regulation

A patient develops an endocrine disorder related to insufficient intake of iodide containing foods. The nurse recognizes that this is an example of which priority concept related to the endocrine system? A. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance B. Nutrition C. Elimination D. Acid-base balance

B. Nutrition

A patient is at risk for falling related to the effect of pathologic fractures as a result of bone demineralization. Which endocrine problem is this pertinent to? A. Underproduction of (PTH) B. Overproduction of PTH C. Underproduction of thyroid hormone D. Overproduction of thyroid hormone

B. Overproduction of PTH

Which statement about performing a physical assessment of the thyroid gland is correct? A. The thyroid gland is easily palpated in all patients B. The patient is instructed to swallow sips of water to aid palpation C. The anterior approach is preferred for thyroid palpation D. The thumbs are used to palpate the thyroid lobes

B. The patient is instructed to swallow sips of water to aid palpation

In addition to the pancreas that secretes insulin, which gland secretes hormones that affect protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism? A. Posterior pituitary B. Thyroid C. Ovaries D. Parathyroid

B. Thyroid

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a patient's endocrine system. Which gland can be palpated? A. Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Adrenal glands D. Parathyroids

B. Thyroid

Which statement about age related changes in older adults and the endocrine system is true? A. All hormone levels are elevated B. Thyroid hormone levels decrease C. Adrenal glands englarge D. The thyroid gland enlarges

B. Thyroid hormone levels decrease

What is the name of the substance secreted by the endocrine glands? A. Vasoactive amines B. Chemotaxins C. Hormones D. Cytotoxins

C. Hormones

What are tropic hormones? A. Hormones that trigger female and male sex characteristics B. Hormones that have a direct effect on final target tissues C. Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimuate other endocrine glands D. Hormones that are synthesized in the posterior pituitary gland

C. Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate other endocrine glands

Which hormone responds to an elevated serum calcium blood level by decreasing bone resorption? A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. T4 C. T3 D. Calcitonin

D. Calcitonin

Which statement about the gonads is correct? A. Gonads are reproductive glands found in males only. B. The function of the hormones begins at birth in low, undetectable levels. C. The placenta secretes testosterone for the development of male external genitalia. D. External genitalia maturation is stimulated by gonadotropins during puberty.

D. External genitalia maturation is stimulated by gonadotropins during puberty.

The bloodstream delivers glucose to the cells for energy production. Which hormone controls the cells' use for glucose? A. T4 B. Growth hormone C. Adrenal steroids D. Insulin

D. Insulin

Which statement about glucagon secretion is correct? A. It is stimulated by an increase in blood glucose levels. B. It is stimulated by a decrease in amino acid levels. C. It exerts its primary effects on the pancreas. D. It acts to increase blood glucose levels.

D. It acts to increase blood glucose levels.

The target tissue for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is which organ? A. Hypothalamus B. Thyroid C. Ovary D. Kidney

D. Kidney

Which statement about the pancreas is correct? A. Endocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of digestive enzymes. B. Exocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of glucagon and insulin. C. The islets and langerhans are the only source of somatostatin secretion. D. Somatostatin inhibits pancreatic secretion of glucagon and insulin.

D. Somatostatin inhibits pancreatic secretion of glucagon and insulin.