Chapter 7- Anatomy, Physiology and Medical Terminology

A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since. You would recognize this injury as involving:

A structure that connects muscles to the knee.

A patient has suffered a stroke and injury to his brainstem. Which of the following signs and symptoms might the EMT expect to see as a result of this condition?

Abnormal respirations

Involuntary or smooth muscles would be found on which of the following structures?

Blood vessels and intestines

A patient's glucose (sugar) level in his blood begins to drop. Which of the following organs would be affected first?

Brain

The nervous system is subdivided into the:

Central and peripheral systems.

Assessment of an elderly male shows him to be confused. His family states that this is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this information, what area of the brain would this disease be located?

Cerebrum

The spinal column is composed of what sections as described from superior to inferior?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which of the following signs and symptoms would you most likely see in this patient?

Crackles in the lungs

The terms occipital, parietal, and frontal refer to which part of the body?

Cranium

The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. Which of the following is the patient at risk for?

Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

You have been called to transport a patient who is suffering from an illness that has caused the involuntary muscles in his body to become decreased in their ability to move. Which of the following conditions would you expect?

Decreased movement of wastes through the large intestine

Which of the following actions would cause the patient to take a breath?

Diaphragm contracts

A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the EMT expect to find?

Dilated pupils

When palpating for a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in what vessel?

Dorsalis pedis artery

You are assessing a patient who informs you her body abnormally forms blood clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which of the following conditions would you expect the patient to have?

Elevated number of platelets

In which of the following body systems are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads located?

Endocrine

A patient has severe swelling of the leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering lower respiratory system. Knowing that the suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, which of the following conditions would the patient be suffering from?

Epiglottitis

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which of the following occurs?

Exhalation

A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spinal injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would understand that the patient has reflex activity in what part of the body?

Feet

A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which of the following could be broken?

Femur, tibia, or fibula

The bones of the upper extremities include:

Humerus and radius.

A patient has suffered a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, which of the following conditions is he more susceptible to?

Infection

Following radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer, a patient has a low white blood cell count. Which of the following conditions related to this type of cell is the patient at risk for?

Infection

The structure containing the "voice box" is the:

Larynx.

Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the left midaxillary region. Where is this injury located?

Left lateral chest

A patient complains of pain to the upper jaw. The EMT would locate this pain to what bone?

Maxilla

Which of the following lines would divide the body into right and left halves?

Midline

A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue. Failure of which of the heart's valves would most likely be responsible for this condition?

Mitral valve

Which of the following best represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs?

Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

What body system protects internal organs and provides for movement?

Musculoskeletal

A patient is complaining of extreme dizziness and headache. Which of the following conditions would most likely be responsible for this complaint?

Occlusion of the carotid arteries

After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient's pulse returns and he is breathing adequately. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How would you position this patient?

On his left side

A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. In regards to this condition, which of the following might the EMT expect to find?

Pale skin to the left foot

The fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients is referred to as

Plasma.

The function of the respiratory system is to:

Provide the body with oxygen

The function of the respiratory system is to:

Provide the body with oxygen.

The left atrium

Receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

As a patient provides you with a past medical history, which of the following would you recognize as directly related to the endocrine system?

Removal of the thyroid

Which portion of the heart is in failure when it can no longer effectively pump blood into the lungs?

Right ventricle

The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is the:

Sacral vertebrae.

A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which of the following is true?

She cannot move her left arm and leg

In the healthy heart, the electrical impulses that cause contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the

Sinoatrial node.

Which of the following descriptions best describes the anatomical position?

Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

When reviewing a prehospital care report, you note that a crew transported a patient in the Trendelenburg position. How was this patient positioned?

Supine with legs elevated

An 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and is complaining of left hip pain. As you approach, you note that she is on her back and her left leg is turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, which of the following statements would you make regarding her position?

Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity

The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts is called:

Systolic pressure.

The pediatric airway differs from adult airways in that:

The child's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth

Which of the following anatomical statements is true?

The knee is proximal to the ankle

In which of the following structures of the respiratory system would an occlusion cause the total cessation of air flow into and out of the lungs?

Trachea

Which of the following planes would show the liver, stomach, and spleen?

Transverse plane

A female patient suffers from a muscular disease and cannot walk, thus requiring a wheelchair. Based on the fact that she cannot ambulate, you would recognize that the muscles affected are of which type?

Voluntary

As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. By this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be:

deep and gasping.

A patient has been shot with a rifle. The bullet entered his chest just above the left nipple and exited his body just left of the lumbar spine. Which of the following would be appropriate to document on the prehospital care report?

entry wound to anterior thorax

The major artery of the thigh is called the ________ artery.

femoral

The EMT has a correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as:

pumping blood throughout the body.

In the healthy heart, the electrical impulses that cause contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the:

sinoatrial node

The vessel that carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium is the:

vena cava