Chapter 7- BIO 217, SL3

There are 4 groups that make up each amino acid. They are the hydrogen group, the acid group, the amino group, and the ______ group.

R- group

Which shape of the protein determines the function?

Tertiary

What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?

They consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness.

The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are:

Vitamin B12 Iron Vitamin D

Which structural proteins make up more than a third of the body protein?

actin collagen myosin

Denaturation is the process of...

altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein.

A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the

amine group

An ________ ____________ is composed of 4 elements: a nitrogen, an acid, a hydrogen, and a side group.

amino acid

Most of the ______ released throughout the body can be recycled to become part of the pool available for the synthesis of future proteins. Multiple choice question.

amino acids

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

The process of protein turnover involves protein _____.

breakdown rebuilding repair

Amino acids that are dispensable _____.

can be made from other amino acids

If a food _______, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protein.

contains all 9 essential amino acids

A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by

increasing the production of urea.

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.

saturated fat

Identify the different levels of protein organization.

secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure primary structure

Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?

thyroid hormone

The amino group from an amino acid is excreted in the

urine

What can cause denaturation?

1. Exposure to acid solutions 2. Agitation 3. Exposure to alkaline solutions

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true?

1. Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. 2. Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. 3. A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels.

What individuals are at risk for PEM?

1. Hospitalized patients 2. Suffering from anorexia nervosa 3. Living in poverty

Put the processes of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.

1. Proteins are partially digested in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid 2. The final digestion of protein to amino acids occurs in the small intestine. 3. Amino acids are absorbed into the portal vein and transported to the liver. 4. Little dietary protein in the feces.

Proteins serve which of the following functions?

1. Proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production. 2. Proteins aid in cell synthesis. 3. Proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions.

What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?

1. Ribosomes will read the incorrect message. 2. Incorrect mRNA will be produced. 3. The polypeptide chain will be incorrect.

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

1. Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH 2. Pump ions into and out of cells

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies...

1. calorie deficiency 2. lack of nutrients

The RDA for protein would be higher

1. during recovery from illness or injury. 2. in highly trained athletes.

An essential amino acid...

1. must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur. 2. cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts.

If your carbohydrate intake is inadequate, the liver is forced to make glucose from...

1. protein in body tissues 2. amino acids in body tissues 3. stored glycogen

The amino acids needed for the synthesis of protein are supplied by...

1. recycling of body protein. 2. the diet.

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake.

35%

Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ______ kcal per gram.

4

Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?

Acid group Amino group Side chain

Which of the following are the four (4) building blocks of DNA?

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine

Identify a key component of the immune system.

Antibody proteins

This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.

Biological value

Which population has a high prevalence of PEM?

Central America

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ______________ code.

DNA/ Genetic

___________ is a double-stranded molecule in a helical form.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?

Eggs Fruit Milk

Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids?

Help to maintain body fluid

Match the protein transporter with its function.

Hemoglobin= Carries Oxygen Lipoprotein= Transports lipids Retinol-binding protein= Carries vitamin A Transferrin= Carries Iron

__________________ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."

Kwashiorkor

Which of the following is the primary cause of marasmus?

Lack of food/nutrients

Diets containing excessive amounts of protein ____ provide additional health benefits.

do not

During the periods of mental stress, physical labor, and routine weekend sports, a person's protein needs _____.

does NOT change!

Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ______ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.

equal to

Healthy individuals need to consume protein in an amount that replaces the protein lost in ____.

feces urine hair

Whenever Suzy eats spinach she gets an upset stomach. Suzy is most likely experiencing a

food intolerance.

The blood proteins _______________ are important in maintaining fluid balance.

globulin albumin

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______, such as insulin and glucagon.

hormones

Which proteins function as transporters for other nutrients?

lipoproteins transferrin

When carbohydrates are in short supply, the ______ can make glucose from amino acids present in body tissues.

liver

Chronic protein-energy malnutrition results in

marasmus

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential amino acids

The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.

peptide

A(n)_______ usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.

protein deficiency

The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is _____.

proteins

Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

proteins

Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?

proteins

____________ help regulate acid-base balance in the blood.

proteins

All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except...

sodium

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

stomach