Chapter 7 Chemistry Test

What is the charge on halogen ions?

-1 charge

The majority of _________ are radioactive a. Actinides c. Halogens b. Lanthanides d. Alkali metals

A.

In which group does Element X most likely belong? a. 1A b. 7A c. 8A d. 4B

A. lA

Argon has one more proton than chlorine. Explain why these two gases have such different chemical properties

Argon, an element with a stable noble gas configuration of 9 valence electrons, is unreactive. Chlorine, with 7 valence electrons must gain one electron to achieve a noble gas electron configuration.

Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to gold? a. Transition metal b. Ferromagnetic c. Element d. Nonconductor

B. Ferromagnetic

On the periodic table, metalloids are found only in _____________. a. The d-block c. The f-block b. Groups 3A through6A d. Groups 1A and 2A

B. Gorups 3A through 6A

Throughout history, dangerous products were used before people understood their harmful effects. Which of the following historic practices are NOT discontinued because of the health hazard it posed? a. Using radium paint to make watch hands glow in the dark. b. Lining steel cans with tin to prevent corrosion c. Using arsenic sulfide to treat illnesses d. Adding lead to gasoline to increase engine efficiency.

B. Lining steel cans with tin to prevent corrosion

Element Z is most likely found in the ___________________ a. s-block c. d-block b. p-block d. f-block

B. P block

Compare the allotropes of oxygen

Both are gases formed from oxygen atoms Oxygen has (O2) is colorless, odorless, essential for most living organisms Ozone (o3) is an unstable gas with an irritating odor that is found manily in the upper atmosphere

What chemical property does zinc share with calcium?

Both metals can lose two electrons, forming ions with 2+ charge

Element Y is probably _________________. a. An alkaline metal b. An alkaline earth metal c. A halogen d. A transition metal

C. A halogen

_____________ is a major component of organic compounds. a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Carbon d. Potassium

C. Carbon

Explain why most carbon compounds are classified as organic compounds

Carbon compounds controls what happens in the cell of living organism and play key roles in the chemistry of living organisms.

Explain how the electron configurations of chromium and copper determine that one is used to strengthen alloys and the other to make jewelry

Chromium has six unpaired electrons and is a hard metal with a high melting point. Copper has only one unpaired electrons, making it softer and more malleable.

Which of the following groups is composed entirely of nonmetals? a.1A b. 3A c.5A d. 7A

D. 7A

What does it mean for a metal to be listed as strategic or critical?

Either the metal or its compounds have ctitical applications that affect industries or the military.

Explain why fluorine reacts with all elements except helium, neon, and argon

Fluorine is most electronegative element on the periodic table and therefore the most reactive.

Arrange the elements (K, Ca, Fr, Mg) in order of increasing ionization energy

Fr, K, Ca, Mg

Which element would be easier to extract from its ore, gold or iron?

Gold would be easier to extract b/c it exists uncombined in nature.

What is the color of copper compounds

Green and blue

Where are the most reactive metals located on the periodic table?

Group 1A

Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Group 7A

Which families contain metalloids?

Groups 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A

Name the three general methods for extracting a metal from its ore

Heat, solutions, and electrolysis

How do transition metals differ from inner transition metals

Inner transition metals, the final electron enters an f sublevel

Explain why compounds of zinc are white but compounds containing copper have a color

It has to do with the subshell and how it is filled. Copper has a d electrons in its partially filled d sublevel (10 electrons) Zinc has a filled d sublevel, and transitions in zinc require

List one physical characteristics of mercury

It is a silvery liquid at room temperature

Why is lead no longer used in paints for plumbing pipes

Lead is toxic.

Arrange the elements (Li, C, Si, Ne) in order of increasing ionization energy

Li, Si, C, Ne

What is the trend for the melting point of alkali metals

Melting point decreases with an increase in atomic number.

What distinguishes a metal from a nonmetal?

Metals are located on the left of the periodic table. They tend to lose electrons, are conductors of heat and electricity, have luster and are malleable/ductile

For each period-3 element, Na through Cl, identify the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Metals: Na, Mg, Al Nonmetals: P, S, Cl Metalloids: Si

For each period-3 element, Na through Cl, identify the physical characteristics

Na, Mg, Al and Si are silver gray solids P is a white, black or red solid S is yellow solid Cl is a greenish tallow gas

When the metal gallium melts, is the liquid that forms an allotrope? Explain your answer

No, the liquid in a different state and is not a different structure in the same states.

Name three elements that are commonly found in fertilizers

Potassium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

What is the most common ion or ions for each of these elements?

Solium.... Na+ Bormine...... Br- Neon....... none Cadium.... Cd2+ Boron...... B3+ Hydrogen..... H+ or H-

Why is red phosphorus classified as an amorphous solid?

There is no definite pattern to the arrangement of its atoms.

Explain why Iodine can be substituted for bromine in some compounds

They are all in group 7 (7A)

What so rubidium and white phosphorus have in common?

They burst into flame if exposed to air.

Explain why the halogens are extremely reactive nonmetals

With seven electrons, halogens need only one electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration

Predict which of the transition metals in period 4 is diamagnetic. Explain your answer

Zinc, because it has no unpaired electrons.

List at least one use for each compound a. Silicon carbide b. Aluminum sulfate c. boric acid d. nitric acid

a. an industrial abrasive b. remove suspended particles during water purification c. a disinfectant and eye wash d. etch metal plates

Identify the elements that fits each description (4 points) a.Greenish-yellow gas used to disinfect water b.Main element in emeralds and aquamarines c.Lightweight metal extracted form bauxite ore. d.The most abundant elements ion Earth's crust

a. chlorine b. beryllium c. aluminum d. oxygen

Identify the block on the periodic table where you are likely to find. a A synthetic radioactive element. F-block b. A highly reactive element that forms salts with halogens s-block c. An element that forms millions of compounds

a. f block b. s block c. p block

Name the element that combines with oxygen to form a compound that fits each description (3 points) a. The compound that can be melted for form glass Silicon b. The main compound in ruby and sapphire Aluminum c. A compound used to preserve fruit and produce an inexpensive acid.

a. silicon b. aluminum c. sulfur

Although metals in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, they do not have identical properties. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for differences in properties within a group? a. The metals have different numbers of nonvalence electrons. b. The reactivity of the metals increase as their ionization energies decrease c. The ionization energies of metals decrease as their atomic masses increase d. The reactivity of metals increase as their atomic masses decrease.

d. The reactivity of metals increase as their atomic masses decrease.

What are the colors for the different ions of chromium cr2+ cr4+ cr3+ cr6+

red, brown-black, green, orange

Of the period 5 elements, palladium, tin and silver, which will display noticeable different properties from the other two? Explain your choice

•Tin is representative element in group 4A. •Palladium and silver are transitions metals that have similar sizes and ionization energies and similar properties.