Chapter 7 - DHN (Proteins)

Which of the following groups of foods contribute the most protein to the typical American diet

Fish, poultry, and meat

How many nonessential amino acids exist

11

Small chains of amino acids

Peptides

Forms of PEM include

- Marasmus - Kwashiorkor

Which of the following would be helpful in decreasing animal food intake

- Decrease serving sizes of animal foods - Prepare foods with less animal protein and more plant protein - Replace meat with other sources of high quality protein

Which of the following is true about transamination

- Reactions are reversible - Involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid - Explains how non-essential amino acids can be made

True about complete protein sources

- Supplies all nine essential amino acids - Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein.

Which of the following is true about deamination

- a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group for an unneeded amino acid. - Occurs primarily in the liver. - Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton

The human digestive system is able to digest nutrients from

- animals - plants

Basic steps of protein synthesis

1. DNA unwinds exposing a gene. 2. The gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. The ribosomes read the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome. 6. At the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain.

When a person eats more protein than his or her body needs, the extra protein is

converted to glucose or fat.

What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process

dipeptide

Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods

lactoovovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

lactovegetarian

Eats eggs but no other animal foods

ovovegetarian

Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of

protein

Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together

Peptide bond

Proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids

Polypeptides

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animals in their diet is considered a

vegetarian

Protein digestion from start to finish

1. Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin. 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells. 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver.