Chapter 7 Learning Curve

When a single pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, the other products of the reaction are:

NADH and CO2.

The electron transport chain is part of

Oxidative Phosphorylation

In cellular respiration, glucose is to CO2 and oxygen is to water.

Oxidized; reduced.

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids does NOT directly produce:

ATP

During the citric acid cycle:

ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation.

How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produce ATP?

By glycolysis.

An important aspect of biology is that many proteins are used in several different processes. Which of the following protein complexes is used in both the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle?

Complex II

The first phase of glycolysis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore:

Endergonic.

In which of the following organisms would you expect ethanol fermentation to occur?

Fungi and plants

In cellular respiration, oxygen:

Gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent.

Fermentation takes place:

In the cytoplasm.

Due to the pumping actions of the electron transport chain, protons have a high concentration in the and a low concentration in the

Intermembrane space; mitochondrial matrix

Some present-day bacteria use a system of anaerobic respiration characterized by an electron transport chain analogous to that found in aerobic organisms. Which of the following correctly characterizes the anaerobic electron transport chain?

It establishes a proton gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid.

During pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is:

Less energetic than the acetyl group.

The chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids have potential energy because:

Many of these bonds are C-C and C-H bonds

A researcher is studying a population of bacteria that carry out the citric acid cycle, but do so in reverse. What statements are likely true of these bacteria?

These bacteria will produce sugars from intermediates of the citric acid cycle.

Recall that the citric acid cycle starts with a four-carbon molecule, but that most of its intermediates are molecules that contain six carbons. How is this possible?

Through the reaction of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.

Although glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP for the cell is two molecules. This is due to the fact that glycolysis is- at first -endergonic.

True.