Chapter 7 Life Span Development EMT

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Select one: A. 80 beats/min. B. 60 beats/min. C. 90 beats/min. D. 70 beats/min.

D. 70 beats/min.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? Select one: A. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. B. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. C. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. D. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

D. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. Medications B. Overall health C. Medical conditions D. Increased weight

D. Increased weight

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? Select one: A. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. B. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. C. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. D. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled

D. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: Select one: A. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. B. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. C. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. D. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

D. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: Select one: A. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. B. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 5-year-old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm "snapped" when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect this boy's pulse to be: Select one: A. around 70 beats/min. B. higher than 150 beats/min. C. between 60 and 80 beats/min. D. most likely above 90 beats/min.

D. most likely above 90 beats/min.

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. Select one: A. too shallow B. too slow C. too fast D. normal

D. normal

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: Select one: A. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. B. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. C. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. D. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

D. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: Select one: A. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. B. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. C. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. D. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

D. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

secure attachment

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his or her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his or her needs and take care of him or her when he or she needs help.

Anxious-avoidant attachment

A bond between an infant and his or her caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: Select one: A. a decrease in neurons. B. shrinkage of the brain. C. blood vessel dilation. D. meningeal deterioration.

B. shrinkage of the brain.

Kidney function declines by _________________ between the ages of 20 and 90 years. Select one: A. 20% B. 50% C. 10% D. 45%

B. 50%

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: Select one: A. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. D. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body.

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______________ with age. Select one: A. compensate B. increase C. decrease D. decompensate

B. increase

Post-conventional reasoning

a type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

Conventional reasoning:

a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? Select one: A. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. B. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work. C. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. D. The majority of middle adults still have small children who live at home with them.

A. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

Children of which age group are considered toddlers? Select one: A. Over 6 years B. 1 month to 1 year C. 3-6 years D. 1-3 years

D. 1-3 years

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? Select one: A. 12-20 breaths/min B. 40-60 breaths/min C. 15-30 breaths/min D. 25-50 breaths/min

A. 12-20 breaths/min

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: Select one: A. 19 and 25 years. B. 18 and 22 years. C. 25 and 35 years. D. 21 and 30 years.

A. 19 and 25 years.

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: Select one: A. 9 and 18 months. B. 6 and 8 months. C. 3 and 4 months. D. 7 and 14 months.

A. 9 and 18 months.

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: Select one: A. 90 and 140 mm Hg. B. 60 and 120 mm Hg. C. 70 and 140 mm Hg. D. 80 and 120 mm Hg.

A. 90 and 140 mm Hg.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? Select one: A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions C. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? Select one: A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. The systolic blood pressure decreases. C. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. D. The normal pulse rate steadily increases.

A. Secondary sexual development begins.

In preconventional reasoning, children: Select one: A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. B. make decisions based on their conscience. C. look for approval from their peers and society. D. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children.

A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. Select one: A. fontanelles B. ventricles C. sutures D. cranial valleys

A. fontanelles

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. increased surface area available for air exchange. B. decreased residual volume. C. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. D. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage.

A. increased surface area available for air exchange.

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: Select one: A. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. B. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases. C. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide. D. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution.

A. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

Older adults frequently ___________. Select one: A. take multiple medications B. experience a decrease in body fat as they age C. are unable to overcome medical problems D. are able to increase their muscle mass

A. take multiple medications

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: Select one: A. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. B. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. C. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. D. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.

A. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? Select one: A. 24 to 36 months B. 6 to 8 months C. 10 to 18 months D. 18 to 24 months

C. 10 to 18 months

What is "vital capacity"? Select one: A. The maximum thickness of the meninges B. The amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation C. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration D. The volume of blood moved by each contraction of the heart

C. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging. B. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. D. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing.

C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: Select one: A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. B. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. C. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. D. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age.

C. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as: Select one: A. late adulthood. B. adolescence. C. early adulthood. D. middle adulthood.

C. early adulthood.

According to the terminal drop hypothesis: Select one: A. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. B. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. D. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death.

C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. Select one: A. dilation of the arteries B. constriction of the blood vessels C. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels D. the blockage of a coronary artery

D. the blockage of a coronary artery

Mororeflex

an infant reflex in which the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

Rooting reflex

an infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infants cheek and the infant instinctively turns his or her head towards the touch