Chapter 7 multiple choice

Production of new bone______ as a result of increased sex hormone production at puberty. A) is not affected B) slows down C) increases slowly D) increases rapidly

D increases rapidly

A typical bone has which of the following major sets of blood vessels? A) primary, secondary, and tertiary B) Haversian, Volkmann's, and connecting C) epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal D) nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal

D nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal

Which of the following are components of compact bone, but not of an osteon? A) perforating canals and circumferential lamellae B) central canal and concentric lamellae C) osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi D) all of the above are parts of an osteon

A perforating canals and circumferential lamellae

Interstitial growth of a bone occurs in the A) articular cartilage B) epiphyseal plate C) diaphyseal line D) center of the shaft

A articular cartilage

Which of the following does not accurately describe spongy bone? A)contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone B)composed of parallel lamellae with osteocytes in between C)provides great resistance to stresses applied in many directions D)forms an open meshwork of narrow plates called trabeculae

A contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone

In flat bones of the skull, a region of ____________ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone. A) diploë B) periosteum C) yellow bone marrow D) both b and c

A diploë

An epiphyseal line appears when A) epiphyseal plate growth has ended. B) epiphyseal plate growth is just beginning. C) growth in bone diameter is just beginning. D) the bone is fractured at that location.

A epuphyseal plate growth has ended

Which selection correctly pairs the type of cartilage with one of its locations in the body? A) hyaline cartilage, trachea B) fibrocartilage, epiphyseal plates C) elastic cartilage, menisci D) hyaline cartilage, epiglottis

A hyaline cartilage, trachea

As with cartilage growth, a long bone's growth in length is called A) interstitial growth B) appositional growth C) osteoid deposition D) none of the above

A interstitial growth

The condition of inadequate ossification that may accompany aging and is a result of reduced calcification is called A) osteopenia. B) osteomyelitis. C) osteitis. D) osteosarcoma.

A osteopenia

A fracture of the distal end of the radius is a______ fracture. A) displaced B) Colles C) Pott D) stress

B colles

Yellow bone marrow contains a large proportion of A) reticulocytes B) fatty tissue C) fibroblasts D) elastic fibers

B fatty tissue

Endochondral ossification begins with a______ model of bone. A) dense regular connective tissue B) hyaline cartilage C) fibrocartilage D) elastic cartilage

B hyaline cartilage

____________ ossification produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle. A) endochondral B) intramembranous C) both a and b D) neither a nor b

B interamembranous

A small space within compact bone housing an osteocyte is termed a A) lamella. B) lacuna. C) canaliculus. D) medullary cavity.

B lacuna

The femur is an example of a A) flat bone. B) long bone. C) irregular bone. D) short bone.

B long bone

The immature cells that produce osteoid are called A) osteocytes. B) osteoblasts. C) osteoclasts. D) osteons.

B osteoblasts

____________ produce new bone, while ____________ resorb bone. A) osteoclasts, osteocytes B) osteoblasts, osteoclasts C) osteoclasts, osteoblasts D) osteocytes, osteoblasts

B osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Stimulated by sex hormones, bone growth accelerates dramatically at the time of A) birth B) puberty C) primary ossification D) secondary ossification

B puberty

Functions of bone include all of the following except A) storage of mineral and energy reserves B) transport of materials C) production of blood cells D) support and protectio

B transport of materials

A large, rough projection of a bone is termed a A) fossa. B) tuberosity. C) ramus. D) tubercle.

B tuberosity

Hemopoiesis is the process of A) bone formation B) cartilage formation C) blood cell production D) entrapment of blood vessels by developing bone

C blood cell production

Aging affects bone tissue in which of the following ways? A) tensile strength decreases and bones become brittle B) bones demineralize and become thinner and weaker C) both of the above D) neither of the above

C both of the above

Which of the following is a thyroid gland hormone that encourages calcium deposition from blood into bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? A) growth hormone B) somatomedin C) calcitonin D) thyroid hormone

C calcitonin

Long bones such as the humerus have solid external walls of ____________ bone, with ____________ bone found primarily within the epiphyses. A) spongy, compact B) diploë, circumferential C) compact, spongy D) none of the above

C compact, spongy

All of the following occur during appositional bone growth except A) osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down layers of bone matrix B) the bone widens as the number of circumferential lamellae increases C) growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates D) osteoclasts expand the medullary cavity by resorbing bone matrix

C growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates

Fibrocartilage is found in which of these structures? A) auricle of the ear and external auditory canal B) larynx and articular surfaces of bones C) intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis D) all of the above

C intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Which bone cells secrete osteoid (the initial semisolid form of bone matrix)? A) osteocytes B) osteoprogenitor cells C) osteoblasts D) osteoclasts

C osteoblasts

Hyaline cartilage is found in all of the following structures except the A) trachea. B) larynx. C) pubic symphysis. D) fetal skeleton.

C pubic symphysis

Functions of cartilage include which of the following? A) supporting soft tissues B) providing a gliding surface at articulations C) providing a model for the formation of most bones D) all of the above

D All of the following

Bone remodeling normally involves which of the following? A) changes in bone architecture and the skeleton's total mineral deposits B) activity at both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone C) continual deposition and removal of bone tissue D) all of the above

D all of the above

The endosteum A) covers all internal surfaces of a bone, such as the medullary cavity B) is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling C) is an incomplete cellular membrane D) all of the above

D all of the above

At each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region called the A) head B) metaphysis C) diaphysis D) epiphysis

D epiphysis

Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal ____________ model transforms into bone. A) mesenchyme B) elastic cartilage C) fibrocartilage D) hyaline cartilage

D hyaline cartilage

Dietary factors necessary for normal bone growth include A) vitamins A, C, and D B) vitamins B, E, and calcitonin C) both a and b D) neither a nor b

A vitamins A, C, and D