Chapter 7 Notes (Unit 4)

Revivalism also played a role in ____ lives (although it was much different for natives than white or block society). Religious fervor and prophecy like from Handsome Lake's message scattered through Iroquois communities and inspired many Indians to give up _____, and other destructive customs derived from ____ Society

African American and Native American; whiskey, gambling; white

Noah Webster's "_____ '' published in 1783, also called "blue-backed speller", eventually sold over 100 million copies, to become the _____ (except for the bible) in the history of American publishing. He also created "An American Dictionary of the English Language"

American Spelling Book; best selling book

When ____ won the battle of Horseshoe Bend on March 27th, 1814 he also won a commission as a ____ in the United States Army. In that capacity he led his men farther south into Florida and on November 7th, 1814 he seized the Spanish fort at ___

Andrew Jackson; major general; Pensacola

During the 1780s in 1790s United States agreed to treaties providing for annual tribute to the ____, but Jefferson was reluctant to continue this policy of appeasement. In 1801, the ____ (leader) of Tripoli, forced Jefferson's hand. He ordered a ___ of the American Consulate chopped down - is a symbolic declaration of war. Jefferson responded cautiously, building up the ____ in the region over the next several years. Finally in 1805 the United States reached an agreement with the pasha that ended American payments of tribute to Tripoli, but required United States to pay a substantial (and humiliating) _____ for the release of American prisoners seized by ____

Barbary States; pasha; flagpole; American Fleet; ransom of $60,000; Barbary Pirates

One factor was the policy of _____. There were efforts to renew friendship with the Indians and provide them with increased supplies. The second and more important factor intensifying the Border conflict was the rise of 2 remarkable Native American leaders, one was ____ known as "the ____" (and his headquarters was ____). He advocated an Indian Society entirely separate from that of white Americans and a culture rooted in tribal tradition. He realized that only through ____ action could the tribes hope to resist the advance of white civilization. On November 7th, 1811 Harrison provoked a battle when he camped near Prophetstown with 1,000 Soldiers. The white forces suffered losses as heavy as those of the natives, but Harrison drove off the Indians and burned the town. The Battle of ____ disillusioned many of the prophet's followers who had believed that his ___ would protect them

British authorities in Canada; Tenskwatawa; prophet; Prophetstown; united; Tippecanoe; magic

Napoleon created the continental system which was designed to close the European continent to ____ trade. The British government replied by establishing a blockade of the ____. They require that any Goods being shipped to Napoleon's Europe be carried either in ____ or in _____ dressers stopping at ____. American ships were caught between Napoleon's decrees and Britain's orders in the council. But most Americans considered the ____, the worst offender. British vessels stopped United States ships on the high seas and sees Sailors off the debts, making them victims of ____

British; European Coast; British vessels; neutral; British ports; British; impressment

While white Frontiersmen in the north demanded the conquest of ____, those in the South wanted the United States to acquire ____, a territory that included the present State of Florida and the southern areas of what are now _____. In 1810 American settlers in West Florida seized the Spanish fort at ____ and asked the federal government to Annex the captured territory to the United States. President Madison agreed and then began planning to get the rest of Florida too. This desire for Florida became yet another motivation for war with ____. Spain was Britain's ally

Canada; Spanish Florida; Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; Baton Rouge; Britain

At ____ Kentucky in the summer of 1801, a group of evangelical ministers presided over the nation's first "camp meeting" which became common in subsequent years, as Methodists came to rely on them as a way to harvest ____.

Cane Ridge; new members

______ tried to use his novels to give voice to distinctively American themes, to convey the "sparing passions and intellectual energy" of the new nation. However, his novels failed to develop a large popular following. ____ was much more successful with his popular folktales, recounting the adventures of such American rustics as Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle, this made him the most widely acknowledged leader of American literary life in his era, and one of the few writers of that time whose works were continue to be read by later generations. The most influential works by American Authors in The Early Republic were not poems, novels, or stories, but ____ that glorified the nation's past

Charles Brockden Brown; Washington Irving; works of history

One of the prerequisites for industrialization was an efficient system for transporting raw materials to ____ and finished goods to ___. The United States had no such system in the early years of the Republic. There were several ways to solve the problem of the _____. One was to look for customers ____. Another solution to the problem of limited markets was to develop new markets at ____, by improving ____ between the states and into the interior of the continent. A new era began with the development of the ____. Robert Fulton was principally responsible for perfecting the steam boat and bringing it to the attention of the nation.

Factories; market; small American Market; overseas; home; transportation; steamboat

On land Americans ____ multiple times. Things went only slightly better for the United States at the ___. At first they won some spectacular victories over British warships, but by 1813 the British Navy, now less preoccupied with Napoleon was ____ effectively, driving the American frigate to cover and imposing a ____ on the United States.

Failed; Seas; counter-attacking; blockade

In the Congressional elections of 1810, voters from the northern and southern borders of the United States elected a large number of representatives of both parties eager for war with Britain began. They became known as the ____. among them ____ of Kentucky and _____ of South Carolina. Together they formed a powerful Coalition in favor of War. Clay became ____ of the House. In 1811 he appointed Calhoun to The Crucial Committee of ____, and both men began advocating for the conquest of ___. Madison still hoped for peace but he shared the concerns of other Republicans about the dangers to American trade, and he was losing control of Congress. On _____, he gave in to the pressure and approved a declaration of war against ____

War Hawks; Henry Clay; John C Calhoun; Speaker; Foreign Affairs; Canada; June 18th, 1812; Britain

The newly-founded national capital, the city of ____, many Americans believe to become the new ___ of the United States, however in reality the city remained a raw, ____ community with few public buildings of any consequence. Members of Congress viewed Washington not as a home but as a place to visit briefly during sessions of the legislature and leave as ____ as possible. Most lived in a cluster of simple ___ houses in the vicinity of the capital.

Washington; Paris; inhospitable; quickly; boarding

The victories over the ____ were not enough for the United States to win the war. After the surrender of Napoleon in ___, England prepared to ____ the United States. On August 24th 1814 British troops entered ____ and set fire to several public buildings including the ____ in retaliation for the earlier American burning of the Canadian Capital at ___. This was the ____ of American Fortunes in the war. The British army made their way to ____. The Baltimore Harbor guarded by ____ was prepared. ____ watched the bombardment. The next morning "by the dawn's early light" he could see the flag on the fort still flying, he recorded his pride in the Moment by scribbling a poem, The Star-Spangled Banner on the back of an envelope. In 1931, The Star Spangled Banner became the official ____

Tribes; 1814; invade; Washington; White House; York; low point; Baltimore; Fort McHenry; Francis Scott Key; national anthem

The ____ era began; in 1792, a corporation constructed a toll road running the 60 miles from Philadelphia to Lancaster Pennsylvania, where the hard pack surface of crushed rock. This Venture proved so successful that several other companies laid out similar turnpike's from other cities to neighboring towns. These roads ran comparatively ____ distances and through ____ areas.

Turnpike; short; densely settled

At first Jefferson was ____ of Napoleon's Imperial Ambitions in America, and for a time he pursued a foreign policy that reflected his well-known ___ for France. Jefferson began to reconsider his position towards France however when he heard rumors of the _____

Unaware; admiration; secret transfer of Louisiana

By the 1790s only a small proportion of white Americans were members of formal ____. Some Americans including Jefferson and Franklin embraced ____. Deists accepted the existence of God, but considered God a remote being who, after creating the universe, had ____ from direct involvement with the human race and its sins. Books and articles attacking _____ attracted wide readership and provoked much discussion. Among them was Thomas Paine's _____. He declared that Christianity was the strangest religion ever set up. Religious skepticism also produced the philosophies of _____ which emerged first within the New England Congressional Church. Disciples of these new ideas rejected the Calvinists' belief in ____, arguing that salvation was available to all. They claimed that Jesus was only a great religious ____, not the son of God. But beginning in 1801, traditional religion staged a dramatic comeback in the form of a wave of revivalism known as the _____

Churches; deism; withdrawn; religious superstitions; Age of Reason; universalism and Unitarianism; predestination; teacher; Second Great Awakening

The ____ was the only profession for which college training was generally a prerequisite (very ____)

Clergy; limited

However, nothing worked out as they planned. The American economy became steadily more diversified and ____. Growing ___, surging ____, and expanding ____ made the idea of a simple, agrarian society impossible to maintain. Although he was able to dismantle much of the bureautic power structure the ____ had erected in the 1790's

Complex; cities; commerce; industrialism; Federalists

Eli Whitney revolutionized both _____. He created the ____ which transformed the life of the ___. Mechanically, the gin was very simple. With the device a single operator could clean as much cotton in a few hours as a group of workers had once needed a whole day to do. African American ____ regained its importance, expanded, and became more firmly fixed upon the South. The cotton gin not only changed the economy of the South, it also helped transform the North. Whitney also devised the machine to make each part of a gun according to an exact pattern. Making a ____ of weapons.

Cotton production and weapons manufacturing; cotton gin; South; slavery; quicker assembly

The British Navy searched American Merchant ships for ____, and while doing this, they seized naturalized Americans born on ____. In the summer of 1807, the American Naval frigate ____ and countered the British ship ____. When the American Commander James Barr refused to allow the British to search the Chesapeake, the Leopard opened fire. Barron had no choice but to surrender, and a boarding party from the Leopold dragged __ men off the American freegate. If Congress had been in session it might have declared war but Jefferson and Madison tried to maintain the ___. Jefferson ___ all British warships from American Waters to lessen the likelihood of future incidents. Then he sent ____ to demand that the British government renounce ____. Even though the British refused to renounce impressment, they offered ____ for those killed and wounded in the incident; and promised to return __ of the captured sailors (one was hanged)

Deserters; british soil; Chesapeake; Leopard; 4; peace; expelled; James Monroe; impressment; compensation; 3;

By 1807, the United States had extracted from reluctant tribal leaders treaty rights to _____. Need a row on the Southwest, white Americans were taking millions of Acres from other tribes in _____. The Indians wanted to resist, but the ____ tribes were helpless by themselves against the power of the United States. They might have accepted their fate passively but for the emergence of two factors.

Eastern Michigan, Southern Indiana, and most of Illinois; Georgia, Tennessee, and Mississippi; separate

American cultural life in the early 19th century reflected the Republican vision with increased opportunities for ____, the nation's literacy and artistic life began to free itself from ____ influence, and American religion began to confront and adjust to the spread of ____

Education; European; Enlightenment rationalism

Congress enacted the most controversial political issue of its time, the ____. It prohibited American ships from leaving the United States for any ____ anywhere in the world. The election of ___ came in the midst of the Embargo induced depression. And ____, Jefferson's Secretary of State and political ally, won the presidency. A few days before leaving office Jefferson approved a bill ending his experiment with what he called "____". To replace the Embargo, Congress passed the ____ just before Madison took office. The new law opened trade with all nations but Great Britain and France. And a year later in 1810 Congress replaced it with ____ which conditionally reopened free commercial trade relations with Britain and France

Embargo; foreign port; 1808; James Madison; peaceful coercion; non-intercourse act; Macon's Bill number 2

The question arose, that if mothers were ignorant, how could they raise their children to be ___? So in 1789, Massachusetts required that its public schools served ____ as well as males. However women didn't receive advanced education like colleges, because they were only educated to be _____

Enlightened; females; better wives or mothers

The Republicans had control of the _____ branches of government, and looked toward the ___. And soon after Jefferson's first inauguration, his followers and Congress launched an attack on the last reserve of the opposition. Their first step was the repeal of the _____, thus eliminating the judgeships to which Adams had made his ____ appointments. The debate over the courts led to one of the most important judicial decisions in the history of the nation. Federalists had long maintained that the Supreme Court has the authority to ___ acts of Congress. But the court Authority in this area would not be secure, it was clear, until it actually declared a congressional act unconstitutional

Executive and legislative; judicial; Judiciary Act of 1801; midnight; nullify

In 1803, even before Napoleon's offer to sell Louisiana, Jefferson helped to plan an ____ that was to cross the continent to the ___ ocean, gather ____, and investigate prospects for ___ with the Indians. He named as its leader 33 year old ____, and he chose as a colleague the 29 year-old _____. In the spring of 1804, Lewis and Clark with a company of 4 dozen men started up the Missouri River from St Louis. With a Shoshone woman, ____, as their guide, they eventually crossed the Rocky Mountains, descended the Snake and Columbia rivers, and in the late Autumn of 1805 camped on the Pacific coast in September of 7 of 1806 they were back in ____ with elaborate records of the geography and the Indian civilizations they had observed along the way, and a lengthy ____ for counting their experiences

Expedition; Pacific; geographic facts; trade; Meriwether Lewis; William Clark; Sacagawea; St. Louis; diary

In Congress, the Republicans had persistent trouble with the ____ opposition led by a young congressman from New Hampshire, ____. By now the Federalists were a ____ in the country as a whole, but they were still the majority party in ____. On December 15th, 1814, delegates from New England states met in ____ Connecticut to discuss their grievances. The Hartford Convention proposed __ amendments to the Constitution that were designed to protect New England from the growing influence of the _____. Because the war was going ___ for the United States, and the government was becoming desperate, the new englanders assumed that the Republicans would have to agree to their demands. Soon after the convention adjourned, the news of Jackson's smashing ____ at New Orleans reached the cities of the Northeast. A day or two later, reports arrived from abroad of a negotiated ____. In the Euphoria of this apparent Triumph, the Hartford Convention in the Federalist came to seem irrelevant, even ____. The failure of the succession after it was a virtual deathblow to the Federalist Party

Federalist; Daniel Webster; minority; New England; Hartford; 7; South and the West; badly; victory; peace; treasonable

Samuel Chase was a highly partisan ____. At Jefferson's urging, the house ____ Chase and sent him to trial before the Senate early in 1805. But Republican leaders were unable to get the necessary ____ vote for conviction in the Senate. Chase's acquittal (clearing) helped establish that impeachment would not become a routine political ____, that's something more than partisan disagreement should have to underline the process, a precedent that Congress only occasionally violated in future years. Marshall remained secure in his position as chief justice, and the Judiciary survived as a powerful force within the government

Federalist; impeached; two-thirds; weapon

The Jefferson Administration moved deliberately to reverse the trend of the ____. In 1802, a persuaded Congress to abolish all ____, leaving customs duties at and the sale of Western lands as the only sources of revenue for the government. Meanwhile the Secretary of Treasury ____ drastically reduced government spending, cutting the already small staff of the executive department to Municipal levels. Although Jefferson was unable to retire the entire national ____ as he hoped, he did cut it almost in half during his presidency. He also scaled down the ____. Anything but the smallest of standing armies, he argued, might menace civil liberties and civilian control of government. He feared that a large Navy might promote _____, which he believed should remain secondary to ____. Yet Jefferson was not a pacifist. At the same time he was reducing the size of the Army and the Navy, he was helping to establish the _____ at West Point, founded in 1802.

Federalist; internal taxes; Albert Gallatin; debt; armed forces; overseas commerce; agriculture; United States Military Academy

Oliver Evans of Delaware devised a number of clever new machines- an automated ____, a _____, and others. In 1795 he published America's first text book of ____, "the young Millwrights and Miller's guide". And his own Flour Mill began operations in 1787 which only required ___ men to operate, 1 emptying a bag of wheat into the machinery, and another pulling the lid on the barrels of flour and rolling them away

Flour Mill; card making machine; mechanical engineering; 2

The Second Great Awakening also had an important effect on those Americans who did not accept its teachings. The rational "_____" who skeptical philosophies that helped produce the Revival's, or in many ways victims of the new religious fervor. Their influence rapidly declined, and for many years they remained a small and defensive ___ within American Christianity.

Free thinkers; minority

The United States did however achieve significant early military success on the ____. First the Americans took command of Lake Ontario which permitted them to raid and burn ____ (now Toronto), the ___ of Canada. American forces seized control of Lake ___ mainly through the work of the youthful alter Oliver hazard-perry who engaged and dispersed a British Fleet at ____ on September 10th 1813. This made possible another invasion of Canada by way of Detroit which Americans can now easily reach by water. William Henry Harrison the American commander in the west pushed up the ____ river into Upper Canada, and October 5th, 18131 a victory notable for the death of ____ who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. The Battle of ____ weekend and disheartened the Native Americans of the Northwest and greatly diminished their ability to defend their claims to the region

Great Lakes; York; capital; Erie; Put-In-Bay; Thames; Tecumseh; Thames

____ education was less widely available than education at lower levels, even though the number of colleges and universities grew from 9 at the start of the revolution to 22 by 1800, almost only all members were white males, who were members of _____

Higher; prosperous, propertied families

The Chesapeake leopard incident revived the conflict between _____. 2 important and different leaders emerged to oppose one another in the conflict, _____. In 1801, Jefferson appointed Harrison governor of the Indiana territory to administer the president's proposed solution to the Indian problem. Jefferson offered Native Americans of choice, they could convert themselves into settled farmers and ___, or they could _____. In either case they would have to give up their claims to tribal lands in the northwest

Indians and white Americans; William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh; assimilate; migrate west of the Mississippi

____ established himself as the dominant figure on the court. Through a succession of Republican administrations, he established the Judiciary as a branch of government ____ with the executive and the legislature

John Marshall; co-equal

Peace Talks. _____ led the American delegation. In the negotiations, Americans gave up their demand for a British pronunciation of ____ and for the cession (giving up of rights) of ____ to the United States. The British abandon their call for the creation of an _____. A treaty was signed on _____ named the _____ after the Dutch City in which it was signed. Other settlements followed the Treaty of Ghent and contributed to a long-term Improvement in the anglo-american relations. A commercial treaty in ____ gave Americans the right to trade freely with ____ and much of the British Empire. The ____ agreement of ___ provided for Mutual ____ of the Great Lakes; eventually the canadian-american boundary became the longest unguarded Frontier in the world

John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin; impressment; Canada; Indian buffer state in the northwest; Christmas Eve 1814; Treaty of Ghent; 1815; England; rush bagot; 1817; disarmament

New England Federalists realize that the more the West grew and the more the new States joined the union, the ____ the Federalists and their region would retain. In Massachusetts, a group of the most extreme Federal is known as ____ concluded that the only resource for New England was to secede from the union and form a _____. Federalists in New York turned to Hamilton's greatest political rival Vice President ____, when Hamilton refused to support the secessionist scheme. Hamilton accused Burr of plotting ____ and made numerous private remarks, widely reported in the Press, about Burr's despicable character. When Burr lost a New York ___ he blamed his defeat on Hamilton's malevolence. He challenged Hamilton to a ___. On a ___ Morning in ___, the two men met in Weehawken New Jersey. Hamilton was mortally wounded; he ___ the next day.

Less power; Essex Junto; separate Northern Confederacy; Aaron Burr; treason; election; duel; July, 1804, died

_____ signed the agreement to purchase the entire Louisiana territory on ____. By the terms of the treaty, the United States was to pay a total of 80 million francs (_____) to the French government. The United States would also grant certain exclusive _____ to France and the port of New Orleans and was to incorporate the residents of Louisiana into the union with the ____ rights and privileges of other citizens. The boundaries of the purchases were ____; the treaty simply specified that Louisiana would occupy the same extent as it had when France and Spain had owned it

Livingston and James Monroe; April 30th, 1803; $15 million; commercial privileges; same; not clearly defined

In 1803, in the case of _____, William Marbury, one of Adam's midnight appointments, had been named a ____ in the District of Columbia. But his ____, all those signed and sealed, had not been delivered to him before Adams left office. Once Jefferson became president, the new secretary of state, ____, was responsible for transmitting appointments. He refused to hand over the commission to Marbury. Marbury appealed to the ____ for an order directing Madison to perform his official Duty. In its historic ruling, the court found that Marbury had a right to his commission but the court had no _____ to order Madison to deliver it. On the surface therefore, the decision was a victory for the administration

Marbury versus Madison; justice of the peace; commission; James Madison; Supreme Court; authority

Physicians began to handle childbirth deliveries themselves, causing restrictions on the role of ___ and narrowing opportunities for ___

Midwives; women

Privately Thomas Jefferson considered his victory over John Adams in 1800 to be what he later termed "a revolution as real as that of 17 76". But publicly he was restrained to attempt to _____ between the two parties and to claim the Passions that a bitter campaign had aroused. He said that "we are all ____, we are all ____"

Minimize differences; Republicans; Federalists

In the same year that Jefferson became president of the United States, ____ made himself ruler of France with the title of first consul. In the year that Jefferson was re-elected, Napoleon named himself ____.

Napoleon Bonaparte; emperor

When Britain was preoccupied with their struggle against ___ they largely ____ America for a long time. But by late ____ with the French Empire on its way to final defeat, Britain was able to turn its military attention to America

Napoleon; ignored; 1813

The establishment of a national culture occurred, embracing another form of ____. The Massachusetts geographer Jedidiah Morse (author of Geography Made Easy) said that the country must have its own ____ to prevent the aristocratic ideas of England from infecting the people. And Noah Webster argued similarly, that American students should be educated as patriots, their minds filled with ___, American thoughts

Nationalism; textbooks; nationalistic

The ____ wars occurred when the continuing tension in Europe escalated in 1803. As fighting escalated, both the _____ took steps to prevent the United States from ____ (and thus assisting) with the other. There was also a conflict in North America because of the _____ of White Settlement, the threatened tribes mobilized to resist white encroachments. They began to forge connections with the British forces in ____ and Spanish forces in ____ and the _____ conflict became intertwined with the European conflict on the Seas and ultimately helped cause the ____

Neoplatonic; British and French; trading; Westward Expansion; Canada; Florida; English Indian; War of 1812

In the fall of 1802 the Spanish intendant at ____ announced a disturbing new regulation. The intendant now forbade the practice of ______ for the transfer of ocean-going vessels. Ignoring ____ Treaty of 1795, it closed the _____. Jefferson instructed ____ to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans. In the meantime, Jefferson persuaded Congress to appropriate funds for an expansion of the Army and the construction of a river Fleet, and he deliberately gave the impression that American forces might soon descend on New Orleans and that the United States may form an alliance with ____ if the problems with France were not resolved. That could be why Napoleon suddenly decided to accept Livingston's proposal and offer the United States the _____

New Orleans; American ships sailing the Mississippi River to deposit their Cargoes in New Orleans; Pinckney's; Lower Mississippi to American shippers; Robert Livingston; Great Britain; entire Louisiana territory

Napoleon began to dream of restoring French power in the ____. He wanted to regain the land ____, which now belonged to ___, over which Napoleon now exercised strong influence. Under the Treaty of _____ of 1800 between the French and the Spanish, France gained title to ____. Also a part of Napoleon's empire in the new world were the sugar-rich and strategically valuable West Indian islands that still belong to France. Africans in Santo Domingo inspired by the French Revolution revolted and created a republic of their own, under the remarkable black leader _____. Taking advantage of a truce in his war with England, Napoleon sent an army to the West Indies. It temporarily crushed the insurrection and restored French Authority, but the incident was an early sign of the ____ Napoleon would have in realising his Ambitions in America

New World; west of the Mississippi; Spain; San Ildefonso; Louisiana; Toussaint L'Ouvertue; problems

The resourceful and charismatic Barr was now a political ___ he had to flee New York to avoid and indicted for murder. But he found new outlets for his Ambitions in the ____. Even before the duel, he began corresponding with prominent white settlers in the southwest, especially with General James ____, now governor of the Louisiana Territory. Burr and Wilkinson hoped to lead an expedition that would capture ____ from the Spanish. But there were also rumors that he wanted to separate the ____ from the United States and create a Western Empire that Burr would rule. Whether rumors were true or not, many of first opponents, including ____ himself, chose to believe them. When Burr led a group of armed followers down the Ohio River by boat in 1806, disturbing reports flowed into Washington. Wilkinson had suddenly turned ____ Burr and informed the president that treason was afoot and that an attack on ____ was imminent. Jefferson ordered Burr and his men arrested as traitors. He was brought to Richmond for trial. The jury ____ Burr.

Outcast; West; Wilkinson; Mexico; Southwest; Jefferson; against; New Orleans; acquitted

Unless the American writers were willing to _____ and bear the ____ of publishing their own works, it was very ___ to get your work out to the public attention

Pay the cost; risk; difficult

_____ were becoming major centers of Commerce and learning. The cities were also developing a distinctly ____ culture. So too were the next largest cities of the new nation, _____. People living in towns and cities live differently than the vast majority of Americans who continued to work as farmers. Urban life produced ____, and affluent people sought ____ that would have not entered the Imaging of any but the wealthiest Farmers. They sought increasing ____ and refinement in their homes, their grounds, and their dress. They also looked for a diversion stash Music, Theater, dancing, and for many people, one of the most popular entertainment of all, ____.

Philadelphia and New York; urban; Baltimore, Boston, and Charleston; affluence; amenities; elegance; horse racing

American forces repelled another British Invasion in northern New York at the Battle of ____ on September 11th, 1814. In the south, a formidable array of battle-hardened British veterans landed below ____ and prepared to advance North up the Mississippi. Awaiting the British was ____ with a motley collection of tennesseans, kentuckians, Creoles, blacks, Pirates, and regular Army troops behind earth in fortification. On January 8th 1815 the British advanced but their exposed forces were no match for Jackson's well-protected men. The British finally retreated. Only later did news reach North America that the United States and Britain had signed a ____ several weeks before the Battle of ____

Plattsburgh; New Orleans; Andrew Jackson; peace treaty; New Orleans

Central to the Republican vision of America was the concept of a virtuous and enlightened citizenry. And established a nationwide system of ____ to create the educated electorate they believed a republic required (all ____ citizens should receive free education). And a Massachusetts law of 1789 stated that each town was obligated to ____, but there was little enforcement. So school became primarily ___ ran by ____, and were mainly ____

Public schools; white male; support a school; private; religious groups; aristocratic

The message of the Second Great Awakening was not entirely consistent, but it's basic thrust was that individuals must _____, must Embrace a fervent active ____, and must reject the _____ that threaten traditional beliefs. The Awakening combined a more active piety with a belief in God as an active force in the world who's Grace could be attained through _____. It also accelerated the growth of different sects and denominations. It helped create a broad popular acceptance of the idea that men and women could belong to different Protestant churches and still be committed to essentially the same ____. And finally the new evangelism provided a vehicle for establishing a sense of order and social stability in communities still searching for an identity. I also had a lot of (young) ____

Readmit God and Christ into their daily lives; piety; skeptical rationalism; faith and good works; Christian faith; women

Some American physicians like Benjamin ____ believed in applying new scientific methods like _____, which was useless and very ___

Rush; bleeding and purging; dangerous

Thomas Jefferson set out as president to act in a spirit of democratic ____. He was a wealthy and aristocratic planter by background, the owner of more than a hundred slaves, and a man of rare cultivation and sophistication; but he conveyed to the public an image of ____ disdain for pretension. Yet Jefferson managed nevertheless to ____ most of those who knew him. He was a shrewd and practical politician. He went to great lengths to eliminate the aura of majesty surrounding the presidency that he believed his predecessors had created. But at the same time Jefferson worked hard to exert influence as the leader of his party, giving directions to republicans in Congress by quiet and sometimes even devious means. By the end of his second term practically all of the government jobs were in the hands of the ____. When Jefferson ran for re-election in 1804, he ___ overwhelmingly

Simplicity; plain, almost crude; impress; loyal Republicans; won

Even though the British government tried to protect it, ____ immigrated into the United States with Advanced knowledge of English technology, eager to introduce the ____ to America. Samuel Slater, for example, used his knowledge to build a _____ for the Quaker Merchant Moses Brown in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1790. It was the first modern factory in America

Skilled Merchants; new machines; spinning Mill

Thomas Jefferson and his followers envisioned a society of _____, happily free from the workshops, industrial towns, and city mobs of Europe. They promoted a ____ that emphasized localism and republican ____. And they proposed a federal government of sharply ____ power, with most authority remaining at the ____ level

Sturdy, independent farmers; cultural outlook; simplicity; limited; state

Jefferson and his followers believed that if the Native "noble savages" were schooled in white culture, it would ____ and "uplift" the tribes. Although almost no white people in the 19th century believed there needed to be education for _____

Tame; African Americans

The origins of the Second Great Awakening lay in the efforts of conservative ____ of the 1790s to fight the spread of religious ____, and to encourage Church establishments to revitalize the organizations. ______ were two denominations that participated in the Revival, and ____, which became the fastest growing denomination in America.

Theologians; rationalism; Presbyterians, and conservatives; Methodism