Chapter 7: quiz

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? A. Hematopoiesis B. Mineral storage C. Movement D. Communication E. All of the above F. A, B, & C only G. B, C, & D only H. B & C only

A, B, & C only

The steps for repairing a simple fracture are listed below. Place these terms in the order that they occur. 1. Remodeling of bone 2. Formation of soft callus 3. Fracture hematoma 4. Formation of hard callus A. 3, 2, 4, 1 B. 2, 1, 4, 3 C. 1, 3, 4, 2 D. 2, 4, 3, 1 E. 4, 1, 3, 2

A. 3. Fracture hematoma 2. Formation of soft callus 4. Formation of hard callus 1. Remodeling of bone

Normal bone formation & growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________. A. Calcium, phosphate, & vitamin D B. Potassium, phosphate, & vitamin D C. Sodium, calcium, & vitamin E D. Vitamin D, phosphate, & chloride

A. Calcium, phosphate, & vitamin D

_________ is an inorganic component of bone that contributes to its hardness. A. Hydroxyapatite B. Osteoid C. Calcium carbonate D. Calcium phosphate

A. Hydroxyapatite

The role of Vitamin D in bone growth is that it: A. Promotes absorption of calcium from the GIT. B. Is required for collagen synthesis. C. Stimulates osteoclast activity. D. Promotes the secretion of Calcitonin. E. Acts like an Insulin-like Growth Factor

A. Promotes absorption of calcium from the GIT.

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: A. Fat B. Red & white blood cells C. Osteoblasts D. Osteoclasts

A. fat

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________. A. Closing of the epiphyseal plate B. Appositional growth C. Epiphyseal plate closure D. Concentric growth

B. Appositional growth

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children close too early. What might be the cause? A. Overproduction of thyroid hormone B. Elevated levels of sex hormones C. Too much vitamin D in the diet D. Osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity

B. Elevated levels of sex hormones

The hormone primarily involved in controlling bone remodeling is the parathyroid hormone. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

The type of tissue that serves as the template of long bones in the embryo is _______________________. A. Fibrocartilage B. Hyaline cartilage C. Dense fibrous connective tissue D. Mesenchyme

B. Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is a cause of osteoporosis? A. Poor posture. B. Osteoclasts out-pace osteoblasts due to low hormone production of the ovaries. C. Abnormal PTH receptors. D. Heritage such as African or Mediterranean

B. Osteoclasts out-pace osteoblasts due to low hormone production of the ovaries.

A group of concentric rings of bone matrix, comprising the functional unit of long bones, is called a(n) _________. A. Lamella B. Osteon C. Pillar System D. Sharpey's System

B. Osteon

What would long bone growth look like in an individual whose cartilage in the epiphyseal plate stopped dividing? A. The long bones would grow excessively. B. The long bones would cease growth in length. C. The long bones would cease growth in width. D. The long bones would appear normal.

B. The long bones would cease growth in length.

Cartilage grows in 2 ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth? A. Growth at the epiphyseal plate B. The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage C. Along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger D. The lengthening of hyaline cartilage

B. The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels? A. Pineal gland B. Thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Spleen

B. Thyroid

The epiphyseal plate's function is to: A. Allow a means by which the bone can increase in diameter. B. Allow more flexibility in a long bone. C. Allow a means by which a bone can increase in length. D. Provide nourishment to isolated osteocytes E. Both B & C are correct.

C. Allow a means by which a bone can increase in length.

The hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers plasma calcium levels is: A. IGF B. PTH C. Calcitonin D. Growth hormone

C. Calcitonin

In an osteon, the tiny channels connecting osteocytes with the central canal are called: A. Haversian canals B. Lamellae C. Canaliculi D. Lacunae E. Perforating (Volkmann's) canals

C. Canaliculi

The hormone that is secreted by the kidneys & that stimulates hematopoiesis is known as ____________. A. Melanocyte stimulating hormone B. Growth hormone C. Erythropoietin D. Thrombopoietin

C. Erythropoietin

All bones formed via intramembranous ossification are ___________ bones. A. Long B. Short C. Flat D. Irregular

C. Flat

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. The most important hormone for bone growth during infancy & childhood is: A. Thyroid hormone B. Somatomedins C. Growth hormone D. Prolactin

C. Growth hormone

The single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy & childhood is: A. Parathyroid hormone B. Calcium C. Growth hormone D. Thyroid hormone

C. Growth hormone

Diploë is the term used to refer to the ___________________. A. Double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone. B. Fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone. C. Internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones. D. Two types of marrow found within most bones.

C. Internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones.

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? A. Calcitonin B. Thyroxine C. Parathyroid hormone D. Estrogen

C. Parathyroid hormone

Which hormones function to stop growth in bone length after puberty? A. Low growth hormone B. Calcitonin C. Sex hormones, especially estrogen D. PTH

C. Sex hormones, especially estrogen

The structural unit of spongy bone is called _______________, A. Osteons B. Lamellar bone C. Trabeculae D. Osseous lamellae

C. Trabeculae

How do cranial bones develop? A. From a cartilage model. B. Within osseous membranes. C. Within fibrous membranes. D. From a tendon.

C. Within fibrous membranes.

A deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation can cause: A. inadequate calcification of bone B. decreased osteoclast activity C. decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage D. increased osteoclast activity

C. decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage

Mesenchymal cells are the precursor to all of the following cell types except: A. Chondrocytes B. Bone cells C. Fibroblasts D. Blood cells E. None of the above

D. Blood cells

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth? A. Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones. B. Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage. C. Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage. D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide & secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide & secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

Growth in bone length is primarily a function of the: A. Diaphyseal shaft B. Endosteum C. Periosteum D. Epiphyseal plate

D. Epiphyseal plate

What is absolutely required for bone growth &/or healing from a fracture to occur? A. Dietary intake of calcium & vitamin D B. Osteocytes C. Osteoclasts D. Osteoblasts

D. Osteoblasts

What secretes the layers of collagen in bone? A. Mesenchyme cells B. Osteocytes C. Osteoclasts D. Osteoblasts E. Both C & D

D. Osteoblasts

What is the name of the procedure that realigns the fractured ends of a bone? A. Conditioning B. Positioning C. Deduction D. Reduction E. Remodeling

D. Reduction

Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts are found: A. Under the periosteum. B. Under the endosteum. C. Only in the epiphysis. D. Only in the diaphysis. E. Both A & B are correct.

E. Both A & B are correct.

Parathyroid hormone: A. Stimulates the activity of osteocytes. B. Causes the blood calcium level to decrease. C. Causes the level of fluoride in bone to increase. D. Stimulates the activity of osteoclasts.

Stimulates the activity of osteoclasts.

Interstitial growth

growth from within, growth in length

Appositional growth

growth in width, from outside