Chapter 7 Wrist & Hand Joints & Muscles
CMC degree extension
0-20 degrees
wrist joint degree adduction
25-40 degrees
Flexor Carpi Radialis actions
Flexion of Wrist Abduction Wrist Weak Flexion of the Elbow Weak Pronation of the Forearm
Which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges.
T
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are the only muscles involved in ulnar deviation.
T
The wrist flexor muscles have their origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
T
The wrist joint is what type of joint?
condyloid type joint
Which of the following is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
front surface of the top part of the ulna
what type of joint is the MCP and IP
ginglymus
Origin for many wrist & finger flexors
medial epicondyle medial condyloid ridge coranoid process
what is another name for the wrist joint?
radiocarpal joint
how many joints in the thumb?
2 PLUS CMC MCP IP
MCP degree flexion
40-90 degrees
CMC degree abduction
50-70 degrees
wrist joint degree extension
65-85 degrees
wrist joint degree flexion
70-90 degrees
IP degree flexion
80-90 degrees
how many muscles primarily move the phalanges?
9 they do aide in wrist joint actions but weak
Which of these muscles may be palpated just proximal to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and approximately 1 cm medial to the radial styloid?
???????
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist.
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus muscle?
Extension of the thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis actions
Extension of the thumb at carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal joints Weak Wrist Extensioin Abduction of the Wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris actions
Extension of the wrist Adduction of the Wrist Weak extension of Elbow
Extensor Pollicis Longus actions
Extension of thumb at carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Extension of wrist Abduction of Wrist Weak Supination of forearm from a pronated position
Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
The human wrist and hand have more than 30 muscles, of which 11 are intrinsic muscles.
F
The muscles of the wrist and hand are all innervated from the radial and median nerves of the brachial plexus.
F
Each finger has three interphalangeal joints, whereas the thumb has only two.
False
In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or radial side of the forearm.
False
what are the flexors of the phalanges?
Flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus (thumb flexor)
what passes through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve all flexor tendons except flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus
Mnemonic for Wrist Bones
Proximal Some - Scaphoid Lovers - Lunate Try - Triquetrum Positions - Pisiform Distal That - Trapezius They - Trapezoid Can't - Capitate Handle - Hamate
Which wrist bone is the most often injured?
Scaphoid -caused by outstretched hand -often dismissed as a sprain -significant problem if not recognized & treated -usually requires long periods of immobilization or surgery
The extensor digiti minimi muscle is innervated by the radial nerve, posterior interosseous branch (C6-C8).
T
The extensor digitorum muscle, also known as the extensor digitorum communis, is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers.
T
The extensors of the wrist include, from lateral to medial, the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi radialis.
T
The flexor pollicis longus muscle inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb on the palmar surface.
T
The three wrist flexors, from medial to lateral, are the flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis.
T
The ulnar nerve provides sensation to the ulnar side of the hand, the ulnar half of the ring finger, and the entire little finger.
T
To stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris, the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abducts the wrist.
T
Wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
T
Which of the following muscles does not perform wrist extension?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles performs actions in the frontal plane?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
The base of the distal phalanges of the four fingers
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?
The base of the fifth metacarpal on the dorsal surface
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?
The base of the second metacarpal on the dorsal surface
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?
The base of the third metacarpal on the dorsal surface
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles inserts on the four tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanges of the four fingers on the dorsal surface?
The extensor digitorum muscle
Which of the following muscles originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
The extensor digitorum muscle
Which of the following is the pointing muscle that originates between middle and distal one-third of the posterior ulna?
The extensor indicis muscle
Which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint?
The extensor indicis muscle
Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Which of the following is the only muscle that flexes the finger distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joints?
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb?
The flexor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor digiti minimi muscle?
To control the movement of the little finger
In the context of wrist and hand movements, dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the back of the hand and/or the phalanges toward the posterior or dorsal aspect of the forearm.
True
In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges.
True
In the context of wrist and hand movements, ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm.
True
The flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus are finger flexors, and the flexor pollicis longus is a thumb flexor.
True
The flexor pollicis longus muscle inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb on the palmar surface.
True
The three wrist flexors, from medial to lateral, are the flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis.
True
The wrist flexor muscles have their origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
True
Wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
True
A gamekeeper's or skier's thumb is a common injury that involves a sprain of the ________ of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint and may require surgery when severely sprained.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
do all muscles extend/flex both fingers and wrist?
YES anything that does finger flexion also does wrist flexion anything that does finger extension also does finger extension
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?
abductor pollicis longus
what is the abductor of the thumb & wrist?
abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following muscles may not be palpated on the dorsal aspect of the hand?
abductor pollicis longus muscle
what are the thumb extensors?
extensor pollicis longus (thumb extensor) extensor pollicis brevis (thumb extensor)
IP
interphalangeal joint
what type of joint is the carpometacarpal
saddle-type
proximal wrist bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal wrist bones
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
DIP
distal interphalangeal joint
CMC degree flexion
15-45 degrees
wrist joint degree abduction
15-25 degrees
Flexor Pollicis Longus actions
Flexion of the thumb carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Flexion of the Wrist Abduction of the Wrist
Extensor Digiti Minimi actions
Extension of the pinky at metacarpophalangeal joint MCP Weak Wrist Extension Weak elbow extension
In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or radial side of the forearm.
F
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle can perform weak extension of the elbow during a concentric contraction.
F
The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle performs its action in the frontal plane.
F
The flexor pollicis longus muscle may be palpated on the posterior surface of the thumb.
F
origin of wrist flexors?
anteromedial aspect of proximal forearm medial epicondyle of humerus with insertions on anterior aspect of wrist & hand
Wrist joint actions
flexion extension abduction adduction
The anterior interosseous nerve that branches from the median nerve innervates the ________.
Flexor pollicis longus muscle
CMC
carpometacarpal joint
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?
extensor carpi radialis longus
Each finger has three interphalangeal joints, whereas the thumb has only two.
F
In the context of wrist and hand movements, dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the back of the hand and/or the phalanges toward the posterior or dorsal aspect of the forearm.
T
Which of these muscles may be palpated just proximal to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and approximately 1 cm medial to the radial styloid?
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
The extensor digitorum muscle, also known as the extensor digitorum communis, is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers.
True
do the muscles involved in phalange movement aide in wrist joint actions?
Yes but they are generally weaker
how many joints in each finger?
3 MCP PIP DIP
Which of the following is the origin of the palmaris longus muscle?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
The fingers can only flex and extend, except at the metacarpophalangeal joints, where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles.
T
Abduction Pollicis Longus actions
Abduction of the thumb at carpometacarpal joint Abduction of the Wrist Extension of the thumb at carpometacarpal joint Weak Wrist Extension Weak Supination of forearm from a pronated position
Extensor Digitorum actions
Extension of 2, 3, 4 ,5 phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints MCP Extension of the Wrist Weak extension of the Elbow
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis actions
Extension of the Wrist Abduction of the Wrist Weak Flexion of Elbow
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus actions
Extension of the Wrist Abduction of the Wrist Weak Flexion of Elbow Weak Pronation to neutral from a fully supinated position
Extensor Indicis actions
Extension of the index finger (pointer finger) at metacarpophalangeal joint Weak wrist extension Weak supination of forearm from a pronated position
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor digiti minimi muscle?
Extension of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus muscle?
Extension of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
All of the flexor tendons except for the flexor carpi ulnaris pass through the carpal tunnel, along with the median nerve.
F
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve.
F
Hitting the "funny bone" and experiencing a painful tingling sensation is actually a contusion to the humeral nerve.
F
The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle performs its action in the frontal plane.
False
The flexor pollicis longus muscle may be palpated on the posterior surface of the thumb.
False
finger actions
Flexion Extension MCP can also abduct and adduct
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris actions
Flexion of Wrist Adduction of Wrist Weak Flexion of Elbow
Palmaris Longus actions
Flexion of Wrist Weak Flexion of Elbow
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis actions
Flexion of the fingers at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints Flexion of Wrist Weak flexion of Elbow
Flexor Digitorum Profundus actions
Flexion of the four fingers at metacarpophalangeal MCP ,proximal interphalangeal IP and distal interphalangeal joints DIP Flexion of the Wrist
Disruption of a tendon at or near the insertion of the ________ is known as a jersey or sweater finger and should be addressed surgically within approximately one week.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
In the context of wrist and hand movements, ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm.
T
The flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus are finger flexors, and the flexor pollicis longus is a thumb flexor.
T
Which of the following muscles may not be palpated on the dorsal aspect of the hand?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve.
True
The extensors of the wrist include, from lateral to medial, the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi radialis.
True
The fingers can only flex and extend, except at the metacarpophalangeal joints, where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles.
True
what are the three wrist extensors?
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris
what are the extensors of the phalanges?
extensor digitorum extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi extensor pollicis longus (thumb extensor) extensor pollicis brevis (thumb extensor)
Which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint?
extensor indicis
what are the three wrist flexors?
flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus
what muscles move the wrist but not the fingers & thumb?
flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris
Which of the following muscles performs actions in the frontal plane?
flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin for many wrist & finger extensors
lateral epicondyle lateral supracondylar ridge
Which of the following is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
MCP
metacarpophalangeal joint
wrist motion occurs?
primarily between distal radius & proximal carpal row (scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum)
PIP
proximal interphalangeal joint
