Chapter 8

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

Republican-Democratic Party

The realignment of 1860 saw a shift in allegiance from the Democratic to Republican parties, while the realignment of 1932 saw a shift in allegiances from the ___________ to the _____________ party.

to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election

What is the purpose of a primary election (direct primary)?

Because even smaller parties can win and maintain seats.

Why do proportional representation systems support greater numbers of political parties?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

Which is a reason that some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?

Southern whites

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable for its migration to the Republican Party during the 1980s?

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence.

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

Democratic-Republicans Federalists

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Abraham Lincoln was the target of insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns. Negative campaigning in presidential elections was used as long ago as when Thomas Jefferson ran for office.

Which of the following statements about negative ads and negative campaigning are true?

Republican Party

Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland?

Al Gore

Which candidate arguably lost the 2000 presidential election because of the defection of a number of Democratic voters?

production of promotional materials gathering voter opinions advising on how to run a successful campaign

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants? production of promotional materials gathering voter opinions contributing money to political campaigns collecting votes by going door-to-door advising on how to run a successful campaign

multiparty

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

independents

According to the Gallup Poll report, what political group is historically more supportive of third parties?

60%

According to the Gallup Poll results, what percentage of Americans said a third major party is needed in 2015?

candidate.

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the

a two-party system.

Current election laws in the United States favor

18-29 year olds African Americans union members

Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition?

Lack of access to presidential debates

According to The Atlantic video, what is an example of an "institutional barrier" for third party candidates?

False

Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

only during campaign periods

Local party organizations operate

political parties.

Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as

party coalition.

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a

made it easier for political newcomers to win high office. increased the importance of money in political campaigns.

The rise of candidate-centered campaigns has

single-issue parties.

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

media producers campaign strategists pollsters

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

winner-take-all system

What is another name for the plurality system?

Realignment

________________ refers to a shift in party allegiance among the electorate that causes a new party to become the dominate party.

realignment.

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party

B. provide an opportunity for third party candidates to be elected to minor offices.

All of the following are benefits associated with third parties EXCEPT A. influence electoral outcomes by causing the major two parties' candidates to lose elective office. B. provide an opportunity for third party candidates to be elected to minor offices. C. give voice to those voters dissatisfied with the major two parties. D. introduce issues to the political discussion that are then incorporated into the platforms of the two major political parties.

7

How many unique periods of party competition have existed since 1800?

democratic

In the 1932 realignment, the _____________ party gained control of the government, due in large part to an unlikely coalition of voters including African Americans, Southern farmers and businesses.

fourfold

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout.

straight ticket

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

split ticket

On a ______, citizens vote for candidates from different parties.

candidate

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States.have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns.

C. a short-lived change in partisan politics.

Realignments are characterized by all of the following features EXCEPT A. a critical election where voters shift their partisan support. B. the emergence of a powerful and divisive issue. C. a short-lived change in partisan politics. D. an enduring change in a party's policies and coalitions.

Democrats and Republicans

Since 1854, what have been the two major political parties?

Democratic

Since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?

Republican Party Democratic Party

The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties following this realignment period?

smaller government that performs fewer social welfare functions.

The Republican Party has advocated for a

two-party system

The United States has a ___________ system where one of two major political parties has a reasonable chance of winning elective office.

90%

The clearest example of a party coalition are African Americans, nearly ______ percent of whom regularly vote for Democrats.

Republican

The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 ushered in over three decades of ____________ party dominance.

packaging.

The highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

One more vote than any of the alternatives

Under plurality voting, what is required for victory?

picked by the party organization

Until the early 20th century, the major party's nominees for president were selected via which method?

Winner-take-all electoral rules

What is the main reason for our persistent two-party system?

95 %

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

nomination

When a political party makes a(n) ______ for an elected office, it selects a person to run as the party's candidate in the general election for that office.

The parties reorganize themselves.

When a realignment in the electorate occurs, which of the following occurs?

Democratic and Republican

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

They provide opportunities for powerful interest groups to donate money to candidates. They make it easier for officeholders to deny responsibility for government actions.

Which of the following are distinct disadvantages of the rise of candidate-centered campaigns

The are open to all citizens. They operate at the local level.

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

Candidates organize their own campaigns. The same parties are represented nationwide.

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?