Chapter 8

What best describes medicine of the Islamic caliphates?

highly innovative and professional

Given the importance of class divisions in the Ottoman empire, the best hope for the sons of those peoples the Ottomans conquered was to become

janizaries

The Ottoman empire impacted the non-Muslim peoples of the empire in eastern Europe by

organizing them into millets, or religious communities.

________ influenced African culture and history because it forced people to settle other areas

desertification

_____ was the written and spoken lanuage of the Songhai

Gees

Who was the first kingdom to control trade in Western Africa?

Ghana

What evidence suggests that Great Zimbabwe was a great commercial center?

Artifacts such as beads from India and porcelain from China have been found among the ruins.

Which statement BEST explains how Christianity influenced the development of Axum after A.D. 600?

Axum became increasingly isolated from its Islamic trading partners

Why did conquering Constantinople strengthen the Ottoman empire?

It gave the Ottomans a trading center and a governmental and cultural capital.

Why is Spain a good example of how most conquered peoples of other faiths were treated under the Umayyad caliphate?

Jews and Christians there coexisted peacefully with Muslims, and were allowed to practice their own religions.

The greatest leader of Mali was ______ ______and he converted to Christianity

Mansa Musa

______ was located just south of Egypt

Nubia

____ were the name of the Kings in the Benin civilization

Obas

How did the fact that the Safavids were Shiite Muslims affect relations with the Ottomans?

Religious differences increased conflict between the two empires because each was composed of a different sect of Islam

How did Judaism influence Ethiopia's culture?

Some Ethiopians observed some Jewish holidays and dietary laws

What kingdom took over after Mali?

Songhai

How did Suleiman govern the Ottoman Empire?

Suleiman was a strong ruler who governed with a grand vizier and a council.

What makes the Swahili language a valid example supporting the conclusion that East Africa's geographic proximity to the coast affected its culture?

Swahili means "of the coast."

Based on what you learned about Islam, which statement offers the best analysis of the saying? "I commend the merchants to you, for they are the couriers of the horizon and God's trusted servants on Earth."—Sayings of the Prophet

Trade was held in high esteem by Muslims because Muhammad was a merchant, and trade helped spread Islam across a wide area spanning several continents

The Ottoman empire's society was organized

by classes of men of the sword, the pen, negotiation, and husbandry.

Some of the characteristics of Muslim art include

calligraphy, geometric shapes, and an arabesque style

_______ revolutionized trade across the Sahara because they could carry heavy loads and travel miles without water

camels

Rome defeated __________ in the Punic wars.

carthage