Chapter 8 & Chapter 9 & Chapter 10 exam

What is fomite?

Fomite is an inanimate object that still has potential to pass a disease.

Give 5 examples of PPE- and when you would use them?

Gloves, Face shield, Hard hat, Full body suits, safety goggles. Gloves can be used when administering surgery, safety goggles and a hard hat can be used for protection during construction work, full bodysuits and a face shield can be worn when needed protection due to a chemical exposure.

dressing forceps

Grasping tissue or applying dressings & packs wounds

What is the first line of defense?

Handwashing and wearing gloves

endoscopes

Illuminated flexible or sometime rigid tubes used to view body structures or organs

What is OPIM?

It means Other Potentially Infectious Material

Explain non pathogen.

It's a microorganism that does not normally cause diseases.

write what the following abbreviations stand for?

MEC: minimum Effective concentration SDS: safety data sheets EtO: ethylene oxide Four ''Rs'': remove, re-sanitiz, rewrap, resterilize

What is medical asepsis?

Medical asepsis is practices that are employed to reduce the number and hinder the transmission of pathogens.

compare and contrast the difference between medical & surgical asepsis & list examples of each?

Medical asepsis, medical Somes is a practice that kill some microregions to Meyer then form stranding surgical asepsis, is the absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure.

What is normal flora?

Normal flora is a harmless microorganism that normally resides in many parts of the body but does not cause disease.

What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment

What are the physical and chemical barriers in regard to immunity?

Physical barriers and chemical barriers are ways to keep contaminants from entering deeper tissue. Such as eyelids, eyelashes,tears,white blood cells, coughing and sneezing, acid in the stomach.

What is a transmission based precautions?

Precautions in place to prevent the transmission of pathogens. To quarantine or isolate to not spread.

describe the different type of disinfecting solutions & which microorganisms each one is capable of destroying, and explain under which conditions you would use each type ?

Starilant low- level disinfect land intermediate to high level disinfectant

Explain the difference between sanitization, disinfection and sterilization?

Sterilization means the process to destroy all forms of living microorganisms, disinfection means the process of eliminating/killing diseases and sanitization means to wash with soap and water to reduce/removes germs off of skin.

What are engineering controls? Explain.

Systems engineered to keep workers safe

Primary dressing

The dressing in contact with the wound bed is known as the primary dressing. If a dressing is required to absorb leakage or to secure a primary dressing, it may be referred to as the secondary dressing.

What is the first stage of the infection process?

The first stage is the invasion and multiplication stage. When the pathogenic organism enters the body to multiply.

What happens during the inflammation process?

The infected area becomes swollen, red, and can cause pain.

Explain the infection process:

The infection process are stages that people go through when they're sick. 1. Invasion stage- The pathogen multiplies in the body. 2. Incubation stage- the silent stage the time between exposure and the first symptom. 3.prodormal stage- first signs of not feeling well. 4. Acute stage- Highest point of development including chills, fever, severe aches and vomiting. 5. Declining stage- when symptoms subside and the last stage 6. Convalescent stage- When patients feel better and gain strength.

Explain the difference between the infection cycle and the infection process?

The infectious cycle is when the pathogenic microorganism enters in its host to make them sick. The infection process is when the host goes through stages from being infected to recovery.

sterile conscience sebaceous cyst

The method includes sterile preparation, draping, local anesthesia, excision by a combination of sharp and blunt dissection, and closure

describe how a sterile conscience will help to reduce the patients risk of developing a postop infection?

The strictest form of aseptic technique, sterile technique is intended to provide a space that has no germs whatsoever. Sterile technique is used in surgeries and other large, invasive procedures where infection could be the most dangerous.

What is the difference between Universal and Standard Precautions? EXPLAIN

Universal precautions are designed to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens and body substances and standard precautions are developed by the CDC to provide first aid or health care to people to prevent from being infected from viruses and harmful bacteria

bandage

a strip of fabric used to cover a wound, hold a dressing in place, immobilize an injured part, or apply pressure — see capeline, esmarch bandage, pressure bandage, spica, velpeau bandage. bandage. verb.

anesthetic

a type of medication that is used to produce a lack of feeling in parients during a surgical

speculum

an instrument that exposes the interior of a passage or cavity of the body by enlarging its opening

secondary dressing

are essential as they have an impact on the efficacy of the primary dressing. Their role is to protect, reinforce and cover the primary dressing. In practice, it is usually nurses who have the responsibility of selecting and prescribing the most suitable dressing for the wound.

sterile conscience

by definition is a 360-degree aware- ness of everything within a healthcare worker's sterile and unsterile environment. Asepsis is how this awareness is incorporated into their daily activities.

Hemostats

clamp off blood vessels

autoclave

compared to the of a pressure cooker; it displaces all the air with steam, which allows for greater pressure

Operating scissors

cuts through tissue

medical asepsis

destruction of organisms after they leave the body

Ultrasonic cleaner

device that cleans instruments by transmitting sound waves through a cleaning fluid

surgical wick

device used to remove small foreign bodies from the eye, ear, or wound

aspiration

efers to the act of withdrawing the fluid, tissue, or other substance through a needle. It also refers to the accidental breathing in of food or fluid into the lungs.

traumatic needle

eyed needle

list & describe four type of anesthesia?

general anesthetics local anesthetics regional anesthetics topical anesthetics

needle holder

grasp suture needle during suturing

Tissue forceps

grasps tissue

fenestrated

having a window or opening

sterile conscience

is a 360-degree aware- ness of everything within a healthcare worker's sterile and unsterile environment. Asepsis is how this awareness is incorporated into their daily activities.

debridement

is a procedure for treating a wound in the skin. It involves thoroughly cleaning the wound and removing all hyperkeratotic (thickened skin or callus), infected, and nonviable (necrotic or dead) tissue, foreign debris, and residual material from dressings.

dressing

is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm.

surgical knife

makes incisions, also referred to as a scalpel

ligatture

material used to the off tubular structures such as the fallopian tubes or vas deferens

serosanguineous

means contains or relates to both blood and the liquid part of blood (serum). It usually refers to fluids collected from or leaving the body. For example, fluid leaving a wound that is serosanguineous is yellowish with small amounts of blood.

Explain what you would dispose of in a sharps container vs. red bag container.

n the red bag container you dispose of items like urine pregnancy tests, swabs used for obtaining blood samples, expired drugs ,vaccines etc. In the sharp containers you dispose of needles, syringes, scalpel, scissors etc.

sanguineous

of, relating to, or containing blood.

Dilators

opens structures that are constricted

Handle

part of the instrument that the instruments

surgial adhesive surgical glue

sealift in these products provide the incision site with instant strength usually within a matter of minutes of application

box-lock

special hinge found on ring-handled instruments

describe the three stages of healing

stage of wound healing proliferative stage maturation & remodeling stage

list & explain various ways to close the skin other then the use of sutures & staples?

sterile skin closure - starry strip specut.um - an instrument that is used to increase the viewing area of a body cavity

list three different type of wrapping materials & unique feature of each type?

sterilization cloth wraps underline curette bandage scissors sterilization pouches

concentric circle

such that two or more spheres, circles, or segments of circles are within one another.

describe two differences types of alternative treatment used to treat chronice wounds that will not heal?

sudanophilic pressure device hyperbaric oxygen therapy

describe the function of a surgical wick

surgical wick are used to remove small foreign bodies form the eye, ear or wound to instill a minute amounts of solution to wounds; to fluids form would become infected if allowed to life within the tissues

atraumatic needle

swaged needle

shelf life

the amount of time a food product can be safely stored before deteriorating

reuselife

the amount of time the disinfecting solution may be used once the bottle has been opened

Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

the concentration of a high-level disinfectant that is necessary to kill bacterial spores

upon running a spore check on the autoclave, the results come back positive. what would be the next course of action?

the course of action would be to do anther test immediately & if the result remain positive, the auto clave should not be use again until the problem is resolve. anther test: second spore test

list the chain of events that must occur in order to achieve complete strilieve complete sterilization whenusing the autoclave as your means of sterilization ?

the instrument must be properly sanitized the instrument must be wrapped properly the pack must be loaded into the autoclave properly the pack must be sterilized properly the pack must be stared correctly

ratchet

the locking mechanism that tightens or locks the tips of an instrument at varying degrees

shank

the long straight portion of the instrument that is connects the handle with the tip instrument

closed wound

the soft tissue below the skin surface is damaged, but there is no break in the skin. In an open wound, the surface of the skin is broken. Show More Wound Terminology.

Sub atmospheric pressure device

therapy has evolved as a mainstay in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds over the past 20 years.

serrations

these are found on the inside tips of some instruments; their purpose is to help improve gripping power when working with tissue that is slippery

jaws

tips of certain instruments used to grasp or clamp items

Dissect

to cut open or cut apart

sanitization

to make sanitary or clean

suture

type of strand or fiber that is used to sew

Bandage Scissors

used to cut tape, gauze, bandages, and dressings

Uterine Curette

used to obtain tissue from the endocervical & uterine area

preparing mayo stand for a surgical procedure

- the tray inner wrap is used as a sterile drape - ensure the wrapping material is intact - ensure the pack has not reached it's expiraction - sterile solutions are pouer just before the procedure beings - only the top rim of the bottle should be advanced over the bowl - pour 2-6 inches above the field, slowly.

purulent

1 : containing, consisting of, or being pus a purulent discharge a purulent lesion. 2 : accompanied by suppuration purulent meningitis.

open wound

A cut, or laceration, is a tear or opening in the skin that occurs due to an external injury.

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that can cause disease.

Electrocoagulation

A procedure that uses heat from an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or other lesion. It may also be used to control bleeding during surgery or after an injury.

What are some chemicals used to destroy microbes?

Alcohol, Bleach, Hydrogen peroxide.

abscess

An enclosed collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces in the body. An abscess is a sign of infection and is usually swollen and inflamed.

What are the steps to the infection cycle?

An infectious agent enters through a host that goes in from anywhere in the body such as respiratory, wounds, ect and is contracted either bloodborne, airborne, direct or indirect contact.

When would you hand wash over hand sanitizer?

At the beginning of your shift, when you have time before meeting the patient and before surgery.

Name 4 types of infectious agents:

Bacteria, viruses,fungi,parasites

list five common solutions used in minor surgery & explain their use?

Betadine sterile saline isopropyl alcohol Hicklens tincture of benzoin

what is a biological indicator and what is the purpose of the indicator? how often should this test be performed?

Biological indicators (BIs), as defined by ANSI/AAMI and ISO, are test systems containing viable microorganisms providing a defined resistance to a specific sterilization process.

What is the CDC?

CDC stands for Centers for Disease Control. It saves and protects people's lives from health threats.

The infection cycle is also known as?

Chain of Infection.

What is an exposure incident?

Coming in contact specifically through the eyes, nose, mouth, skin, or contact with blood or OPIM that affects the performance of a workers duties.