Chapter 8 - Approaches to System Development

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Three major activities of the support phase

(1) Maintaining the system (2) Enhancing the system (3) Supporting the users

What are the two main principles of structured design?

(1) Program modules should be loosely coupled (independent) (2) Program modules should be highly cohesive (accomplishes one task)

Phase

- A related group of development activities - A step in the SDLC

Spiral model

- Adaptive approach - Cycles over and over again through SDLC until completion

Chaordic

- Agile term - Projects that are both chaotic and ordered

Predictive approach to the SDLC

- Assumes that the development project can be planned and organized - Assumes that the IS can be developed according to the plan

Incremental development

- Based on the iterative life cycle - Completes portions of the system in small increments - Each increment is integrated with the whole upon completion

Walking skeleton

- Complete system structure is built but with bare-bones functionality - MVP

Top-down programming

- Concept in structured programming - Dividing a complex program into a hierarchy of program modules

Structured analysis

- Determine what processing is required - Organize requirements by using structured analysis models

Technique

- Guidelines to specify a method for how to carry out an activity or task

Object-oriented analysis

- Identifying and defining the objects that do the work - Determines use cases required to complete tasks

Support activities

- Maintain and enhance the system after it is installed and in use

Structured design

- Organizing a program into a set of modules and hierarchical structure

Waterfall method

- Predictive approach - Assumes phases can be completed sequentially with no overlap

Object-oriented programming

- Programming that supports object classes, inheritance, reuse, and encapsulation

System development methodology

- Set of comprehensive guidelines for the SDLC - Includes specific models, tools, and techniques

Object-oriented design

- Shows how objects interact to complete tasks - Defines all additional types of objects - Refines definitions of each type of object

Object-oriented approach

- System development based on the view that a system is a set of interacting objects that work together

Object

- Thing in an information system - Capable of responding to messages by methods or functions

Visual modeling tools

- Tools that help analysts create and verify graphical models - May also generate program code

Adaptive approach to the SDLC

- Used when system requirements or user's needs aren't well understood - Developers need to be flexible and adapt as the project progresses

Structured programming

Each module has one start point and one end point - Only uses sequence, decision, and repetition constructs

IDEs

Integrated Development Environments - Set of tools that work together to provide a comprehensive development and programming environment

Agile Modeling

Only models with the following characteristics are created: - Necessary - Valid need - Right level of detail

Structured approach

System development using: - Structured analysis - Structured design - Structured programming techniques


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