Chapter 8 Cengage

While thiamin needs may be greater in athletes because of their higher ____ production compared to nonathletes, their consumption of high-quality ____ will more than meet the RDA for thiamin.

ATP; carbohydrates

Ultraendurance athletes want to ensure they are getting enough vitamins for proper antioxidant function. What do you suggest to them?

Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods.

The results of the study described showed which of the following?

a.The UV light caused less damage than when the trial started.

which of the following would be considered a deficiency disease resulting from inadequate levels of vitamin D? Check all that apply. a. CVD b. skin cancer c. osteomalacia d. type 1 diabetes e. rickets

c. osteomalacia e. rickets

Vitamin A toxicity ____.

can cause liver damage

Vitamin excesses that reach the tolerable upper intake level are most likely to be caused by ____.

dietary supplements and fortified foods

A recommendation for athletes to improve their vitamin intake is to consume a daily multivitamin.

false

Athletes should consume a multivitamin to obtain all required vitamins for optimal performance.

false

Athletes transitioning from eating meat to becoming a vegan should be concerned about their red blood cell formation because B12 is only found in animal products.

false

If energy intake is in excess, vitamin intake is likely to be adequate.

false

Vitamins play a direct role in energy metabolism.

false

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic when consumed in excess and do not have an established tolerable upper limit.

false

Supplementation of which vitamin can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, but will not prevent nerve damage from that deficiency?

folate

________ wreak havoc inside the body, but can be combatted/neutralized by ____.

free radicals; antioxidants

Increased activation of vitamin D will result in ________ absorption of calcium in the kidneys and _______ risk of inadequate bone mineralization.

increased; decreased

In the present study, parathyroid hormone showed a/an ____ relationship to serum vitamin D.

inverse

Consuming tomatoes can protect skin from wrinkles from sun damage because they contain which of the following?

lycopene

Supplementing with folate, but not addressing a B12 deficiency, can mask a B12 deficiency by 'curing' the blood related issues, but not helping issues related to which system?

nervous system

Vitamins B1, B2, and B3 are all involved in energy metabolism through ___ in the ___.

oxidation-reduction reactions; Krebs cycle

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) establish the daily intake of a vitamin that is ____.

recommended, with a built-in safety margin

What is a type of preformed vitamin A?

retinol

The seasonal variation of vitamin D status correlates with ________

sunlight exposure

Athletes should first determine the amount of vitamins normally obtained from food and then evaluate if they need to supplement.

true

Bioavailability of some vitamins from supplements are always higher than from food.

true

Despite the formation of free radicals directly related to exercise, a positive result of aerobic exercise training is the buildup of the body's natural defenses against free radicals, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants.

true

Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins D and K and require fat for absorption, whereas vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins and do not require fat for absorption.

true

In outdoor athletes, bone metabolism was higher in winter compared with in the summer-autumn season, and the levels in indoor athletes were higher in the winter-spring season compared with in autumn.

true

Low caloric intake usually means low vitamin intake from food.

true

The B vitamins act as coenzymes in the body.

true

Vitamins are needed for a variety of physical functions, including growth and development, and energy metabolism.

true

Vitamins can be significantly lost though food processing; however, processing can also add vitamins to food.

true

When deficient in both vitamin B12 and folate, supplementing with folate will help with all the blood cell signs and symptoms of deficiency, but not the nervous system. This is problematic as it can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency.

true

With excess thiamin intake, enzymes and tissues become saturated, and excess thiamin is not utilized and excreted; therefore, energy production is not increased.

true

an organic compound that must be obtained from the diet and is needed to sustain life

vitamin

The carotenoid beta-carotene is converted in the body to an active form of ____.

vitamin A

Which antioxidant vitamin has been the subject of the most research in studies of athletes?

vitamin E

Which vitamins are involved in antioxidant function?

vitamins E, C, A

Certain types of athletes, such as ____, often reduce their overall intake of ____, thus putting them at risk for vitamin deficiencies.

wrestlers; energy