Chapter 8 dual u.s. history
age of prophecy
1800-1812, movements of revitalization of indinan life arose the creeks, cherokees, shawnees, iroquois
what was the role of slavery in national politics?
the question about slavery was so divisive that it had to be kept out of national politics
what was the effect of the embargo act?
brought back memories of the intolerable acts. In 1808 american exports plummeted by 80%, it devastated american port cities econimies
what message did tcemseh and tenskwatawa expound?
complete separation from white people, revival of indian culture and resistance to federal policies and that white people were the source of all evil in the world and indians should abandon american alcohol, food, clothing and manufactured goods
what was the whiskey rebellion?
broke out in 1794 when back country farmers sought t block collection of the new tax on distilled spirits
what was the purpose of lewis and clark's expedition?
explore the new territory from the LA purchase
how did jeffersonians respond to the haitain revolution?
in horror
how did the government respond? ( referring to whiskey rebellion)
washington dispatched 13,000 militiamen
who followed jefferson as president?
james madison
what did the VA government do in response ( gabriels rebellion)
tightened control over black population. made it illegal to congregate on sundays without white supervision. restricted the possibility of masters voluntarily freeing their slaves. any slave freed after 1806 was required to leave VA or be sold back int slavery
what were the short term/immediate goals of hamilton's economic program?
to establish the nation's financial stability, bring to the government's support the country's most powerful financial interests, and encourage economic development
what were the (5) steps of hamilton's program?
1. establish the new nation's credit worthiness 2. the creation of a new national debt 3. creation of a bank of the united states 4. raise revenue 5. imposition of a tariff
alien and sedition act
1798- 4 measures passed during undeclared war with france that limited the freedoms of speech/press and restricted the liberty of noncitizens
who designed and built the new capital?
Major pierre charles L'Enfant, a french born veteran of the war of independence designed the new capital while slaves were the ones who built it
what did adams peaceful acceptance of the result establish?
a transfer of power from a defeated party to it successor
impressement
act of coercing someone into government service
what was macon's bil no.2?
allowed trade to resume but provided that if either france/britain ceased interfering with american rights, the president could reimpose an embargo on the other. in spring 1812, madison reimposed the embargo on trade with britain
who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
an educated slave on a sugar plantation, forged the rebellious slaves into an army able to defeat british forces seeking to seize the island and then an expedition hoping to reestablish french authority
embargo act
a ban on all american vessels sailing for foreign ports
who was edmund genet and what did he do?
a french envoy seeking support for his government. He comissioned american ships to attack british vessels under the french flag
gabriels rebellion
a plot of slaves in VA trying to gain their freedom. led by richmond blacksmith Gabriel and his brothers a blacksmith named solomon and a preacher named martin. planned to march on the city, kill a few white inhabitants, hold the rest hostage along with govenor James Monroe until their dreams of abolition was met
who were the barbary pirates?
between 1785-1796 pirates captured 13 american ships and had more than 100 sailors as "slaves" paralyzing american trade with the mediterranean
how did these societies justify their existence?
developed a defense of the right of the people to debate political issues and organize to affect public policy
explain the constitutional crisis happening at this time (election of 1800)
each party arranged to have an elector throw away one of his 2 votes for president, so that its presidential candidate would come out with one vote ahead of the vice president. but the designated republican elector failed to do so. in result jefferson and burr both received 73 votes
explain the effect of marbury vs madison and fletcher vs peck
extended judicial review to federal and state laws
how did white american react to the haitian revolution?
feared slave insurrection at home. the rebellious slaves seemed like a danger to american institutions
how did each party view the other party and ordinary people?
federalist viewed republicans as french agents, anarchists, and traitors while republicans viewed federalists as monarchists. federalist viewed ordinary people as " stupid, suspicious, and licentious" republicans viewed ordinary people as equal members of society and government
what was the XYZ affair?
french foreign minister tallyrand's 3 anaonymous agents demanded payments to stop french plundering of ameican ships in 1797
war hawks
group of younger congressmen, mostly from the west, called for war with britain
what were the big issues with incorporating the population of new orleans and the rest of LA into the US?
incorporating diverse populations were diffucult. 8,000 people total, 3,000 slaves, 1,300 POC
neolin's plan
indian alliance of the 1760s. which was all indians were a single group of people and only through cooperation could they regain their lost independence
what was the impact of immigrants from britain to the political debates?
inspired a movement for political and social change
what happened to prophetstown in 1811
it was destroyed in the battle of tippecanoe
what 2 key people opposed of hamilton's vision? what did they think the country's future lay? what was their goal?
james madison and thomas jefferson believed that the future lay in westward expansion, not connections with europe. had the goal of a republic of independent farmers marketing grain, tobacco, and other products freely to the entire world.
who won the election o 1800?
jefferson
how did the french revolution split american politics?
jefferson and washington/hamilton had differnt beliefs on what the revolution brought
who wouldve won the election of 1800 without 3/5 clause
john adams
who won the election of 1796? who became VP and why?
john adams and thomas jefferson was VP because he got more votes than pickney
fries rebellion
john fries released arrested men from prison,, Adams dispatched units of federal army to the area, he was then arrested for treason
what was hamilton's long term goal?
make the united states a major commercial and military power
What did political leaders believe the new success of the new american government depended on?
political harmony
what did washington issue in april 1793?
proclamation of neutrality during the european war
who tended to support the federalists?
prosperous merchants, farmers, lawyers, and established political leaders
what was the Quasi war?
refusal to pay the bribe (xyz affair) led to 2 years of undeclared sea war with france 1798-1800
what were the names of the 2 political parties that began to emerge?
republican & federalists
explain the different approaches to elections of the republican and federalists
republicans developed techniques to gain voters. Ex: printing pamphlets, handbills, and newspapers and holding mass meetings. federalists viewed politics as an activity for a small group of elite men so they did not have effective techniques
who was mary wollstonecraft? what did she argue for and what did she write?
she wrote "A vindication of the rights of woman" argued that "rights of humanity" should not be "confined to the male line"
who were the "strict constructionists"?
southerners who supported the new constitution and insisted that the federal government only exercise powers specifically from the document
what bargain was reached between hamilton and jefferson?
southerns accepted hamilton's fiscal program (w/ the exception of subsides to manufactures) in exchange for the establishment of the permanent national capital of the potomac river between MA & VA
detail their major ideas, beliefs, and positions (referring to republicans)
strong central state government, accepted democratic participation and believed that westward expansion lay the future of america
what were democratic - republican societies?
supporters of the french revolution and critics of the washington administration
explain why john jay was sent to negotiate a treaty and what was the response of the treaty.
the british was practicing the act of impressment and john jay was sent to england to present objections. the treaty then cause political divisons in the US
what did jefferson have to ignore about the purchase of the Louisiana purchase and why?
the constitution said nothing about buying territory from a foreign power
how was hamilton's plan a threat to american freedom?
the greatest threat lay in the alliance of a powerful central government with an emegerging class of commercial capitalists
what did john marshall establish as head of the suprem court?
the judicial review
what are some statistics that show an expanding public sphere?
the number of newspaper rose from 100 to 200 during the 1790s and reached 400 in 1810
what did they especially fear? ( referring to the new american government)
the organization of political parties because they were considered disloyal and divisive
who supported the republican party
wealthy and ordinary farmers and urban artisans
KY resolution
written by jefferson, states could nullify laws of congress that violated the constitution
VA resolution
written by madison, called on the federal courts to protect freedom of speech